Parallelism and repetition:
isocolon--syntactically parallel phrases of equal length to the ear:
“The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen, man’s hand is not able to taste, his
tongue to conceive, nor his heart to report . . .” (IV.i. 209-211).
anaphora--beginning each of a series of phrases with the same word
This royal throne of kings, this scepter’d isle,
This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars,
This other Eden, demi-paradise,
This fortress built by Nature for herself…”
epistrophe--ending each of a series of members with the same word
“Ah, Pyramus, my lover dear, thy Thisby dear, and lady dear!” (I.ii.47-8)
antimetabole (chiasmus)—repetition of words in converse order, beginning with what ended the
previous clause or member, and ending with what began the previous clause or member.
"I wasted time, and now doth time waste me." Richard II
anadiplosis--repetition of last word of previous clause to begin first word of susequent clause.
“and she (sweet lady) dotes,/devoutly dotes, dotes in idolatry, upon this spotted and inconstant man”
(I.i.110).
climax--anadiplosis continued, progressively for several clauses
The love of wicked men converts to fear,
That fear to hate, and hate turns one or both
To worthy danger and deserved death.
—Shakespeare, Richard II 5.1.66-68
paroemion--repetition of sounds--as in alliteration and rhyme (in prose).
“The lunatic, the lover, and the poet/ Are of imagination all compact” (V.i.7).
polyptoton--repetition of words sharing the same root
“With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder.” RII act 2 s1
diacope—repetition of word with one or two intervening words
“How happy some o’er other some can be!” ( 1.1.226) “Out, dog! Out, cur! (III.ii.65)
epanalepsis--same word or phrase at end as at beginning of a member, sentence, or clause.
“When he is best, he is a little worse than a man; and when he is worst, he is little better than a beast.”
ploce--multiple repetition of word
RICHARD:
HENRY :
How soon my sorrow hath destroy'd my face.
The shadow of your sorrow hath destroy'd
KING RICHARD II
Say that again. / The shadow of my sorrow! ha! let's see
/ The shadow on your face.
epizeuxis--repeating word with nothing intervening.
“dear, dear land”
“Desolate, desolate, I will hence and die!”
polysyndeton--conjunction repeated among phrases.
Then let us teach our trial patience/ Because it is a customary cross/ As due to love as thoughts and
dreams and sighs . . .” (I.i.152-4)