18/01/2017
dragonscience redshift
Halton Arp is to the 21st century what Galileo was to the 17th. Both were
respected scientists, popular leaders in their field. Both made observations
which contradicted the accepted theories. Seventeenth century academics felt
threatened by Galileo's observations and so, backed by ecclesiastical authority,
they ordered him to stop looking. Twentieth century astronomers felt
threatened by Arp's observations and so, backed by
institutional authority, they ordered him to stop looking.
Both refused. Both published works geared to the non-specialist when
specialists would no longer take note. Galileo's paper, "A Dialogue on the Two
Chief Systems of the World", favored a heliocentric model of the solar system
and undermined the accepted geocentric model. Arp's books, "Quasars,
Redshifts and Controversies" and "Seeing Red" favor a
steady-state model of the universe and undermine the accepted big bang
model.
The Church responded by placing Galileo under house arrest: his peers would
not even look through his telescope and journals refused to publish his results.
The modern astronomical community responded similarly to Arp. Observatory
officials cancelled his telescope time and astronomical journals refused to
publish his research.
https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20011205084432/http://www.dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
1/6
18/01/2017
dragonscience redshift
How did these men create such a furor?
Galileo introduced a simple new concept that changed the universe as it was
known then. Arp introduces a simple new concept that will change the universe
as we know it now.
Seventeenth Century educators taught that the Earth was the center of the
universe. The Sun, the moon, the planets and the stars revolved around it.
Galileo confronted his contemporaries with a universe centered around the sun.
If you had lived in Galileo's time, would you have been willing to examine his
work?
Today's educators teach that the universe started from a big bang 15 billion
years ago and has been expanding ever since. Galaxies and quasars are
scattered according to their redshift. Arp confronts us with a universe of ejected
galactic families. You live in Arp's time: are you willing to examine his work?
This is the introduction to Amy Acheson's presentationfor the interdisciplinary conference:
INTERSECT: 2001
July 6-9, 2001 Laughlin, Nevada
Purchase Halton Arp's book, Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and Academic
Science at kronia.com
STATE OF THE UNIVERSE 2002
THE BIG BANG is dead.
It's a theory based on a theory based on an assumption made nearly 75 years
ago, that THE ONLYCAUSE OF REDSHIFT IS RECESSIONAL VELOCITY. And that
assumption was wrong. Observations in 1911 of intrinsic redshift in young stars
crippled the recessional redshift of galaxies before it was imagined. Halton Arp's
identification of physical connections between high-redshift quasars and lowredshift active galaxies in the late 60's dealt the mortal blow. The discovery of
quantization of redshifts signed the death certificate.
Still the Big Bang rises, vampire-like, to haunt the night, sapping the vitality
and the integrity of astronomy. Photos are cropped between active galaxies and
their ejected quasars. Dark matter spawns dark energy.
Unquestioned superstitions and ritual mathematics adorn a conceptual
graveyard into which are interred billions of dollars of public funds.
An intrinsic interpretation of the redshift will imply a much different universe.
For example, in the middle of the constellation of Virgo, the brightest galaxies,
the brightest quasars and brightest clusters of galaxies are connected by the
strongest radio and x-ray fields in the sky. The expanding universe assumption
- that redshift equals velocity equals distance - separates these objects by
billions of light-years, and assumes their side-by-side position is coincidental.
But it's not coincidence. These objects belong together. They make up an
https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20011205084432/http://www.dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
2/6
18/01/2017
dragonscience redshift
evolving galactic family whose genealogy can be traced through four
generations.
We'll never "see" this universe as long as we remain captive in the coffin of the
Big Bang viewpoint. The assumption that redshift can only be caused by
recessional velocity predetermines a distorted understanding of the shape, age,
size, and physical characteristics of most of the extragalactic universe. A
different - intrinsic - interpretation of the redshift will imply a much different
universe. Even the meaning of the terms we use to describe that universe will
have to change.
Take, for example, the term, "galactic cluster." That term is currently defined
by the yardstick of Big Bang expansion: at least 30 galaxies (in addition to the
brightest two) within a range of 2 magnitudes and approximately the same
redshift. According to this definition, there are 4,073 clusters (listed in the
revised northern and southern Abell Catalogue.)
Now let's look at a galactic cluster in the non-Big Bang universe.
Let's assume (as Halton Arp's observations seem to suggest) that a galactic
cluster is a family of galaxies and quasars and gaseous clouds of varying
redshifts. At the center, we find a dominant galaxy - it's usually the largest
galaxy, and the galaxy with the lowest redshift of the cluster.
This dominant galaxy is surrounded by low-to-medium redshift galaxies, and
toward the edges of the cluster we find the highest redshift galaxies, HII
regions, BL Lac objects and quasars.
If we try to force this configuration into a redshift-equals-velocity-equalsdistance relationship, as Big Bang cosmologists do, the cluster will be distorted.
What was once a sphere becomes an elongated bubble. The central dominant
galaxy drops to the front of the bubble, followed by a spike of low-to-medium
redshift galaxies stretching away from the earth (see illustrations: "Seeing
Red..", pp. 69 and 71). Every cluster in the sky does this, like starfish arms
pointed away from the earth in every direction. Because we used redshift
distance as the criteria for determining which galaxies belong in the cluster, we
then draw an arbitrary line where the redshift gets higher than a predetermined
level and, voila, everything beyond that line becomes BO: background objects.
The Big Bang vampire has amputated the majority of galaxies from our original
cluster.
Now compare this to an actual plot of Virgo Cluster members set at their
assumed velocity-redshift distance. You can see the spike (in fact, there are two
of them, associated with two generations of the galactic family), long, narrow
fingers pointing directly at the earth.
https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20011205084432/http://www.dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
3/6
18/01/2017
dragonscience redshift
You can see the front end of the bubble spreading out. What you don't see in
this Virgo Cluster plot, because of the arbitrary assumption that higher redshift
objects are too far away to belong to the cluster, are the sides and the back of
the bubble, where young groups of galaxies are artificially clumped into
background clusters on the basis of their redshifts. The highest-redshift objects,
the quasars, are also stretched out of this picture. Yet, when observed through
our earth-based telescopes, they are "coincidentally" embedded in nearby
hydrogen clouds, at the exact
centers
of x-ray fields and lined up in pairs across
http://w
w w .dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
Go
the spin axes of active foreground galaxies.
NOV
26 captures
5 Dec 2001 - 15 Oct 2015
2000
Copernicus knew the Earth wasn't the center of anything. But this diagram,
based on Big Bang assumptions, says the Earth is the center of the universe!
The AAO newsletter of August 1996 shows this diagram for all galaxies, not only
the Virgo cluster. They remark on the "Finger of God" nature of the plot. But the
obvious question - doesn't this mean that the Earth is the center of the
Universe? - eludes them.
The Big Bang universe will be restructured by intrinsic redshift into an entirely
different form. Instead of a finite 12 billion light-year radius sphere centered on
the earth, the limits of the intrinsic redshift universe are undefined, possibly
infinite. But the extent of what we have observed is smaller, probably organized
into two superclusters a few hundred megaparsecs across. Beyond that lie
unknown amounts of extragalactica incognito.
https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20011205084432/http://www.dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
4/6
18/01/2017
dragonscience redshift
In this new paradigm, the collapsing concepts of the Big Bang fall into entirely
different places. Here's a sample glossary from the Intrinsic Redshift Universe:
1. When speaking of extragalactic objects, the term "high redshift" means
"young". It does not imply "far away", "high velocity" or "expanding
universe."
2. Background objects probably aren't.
3. Our local cluster of galaxies has more members than presently believed.
Before Arp, only objects with redshifts below 300 km/sec were admitted to
the local cluster. From Arp's observations, higher- redshift dwarf galaxies
and galaxies interacting with local-group nebulosity are also part of the
local group. Even quasar-like 3C 120, with its superluminal
(faster-than-light) ejections, becomes a local group member.
Corollary of 3) The superluminal expansion of 3C 120 no longer needs an
ad
hoc explanation. If it is a member of the local cluster, then it is nearby,
not at the edge of the universe, and its ejections become normal
sub-lightspeed ejections.
4. The oft-invoked concept "colliding galaxies" (or "merging galaxies") is
a fake. It's especially misleading when called upon to explain a priori
assumptions, for example "quasar activity is induced in host galaxies by
http://w wcases,
w .dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
Go
galactic collisions." In most
it is accurate to replace the
randomly
occurring "colliding galaxy" with the evolutionary process
26 captures
2001 - 15 Oct 2015
"ejecting5 Dec
galaxy."
5. The concept of black holes, mass so tightly packed that everything falls
in, is a poor explanation for an active galactic nucleus, where observations
show that everything appears to be falling out.
6. Cannibalistic black holes ambushing passing galaxies are Big Bang
fantasies. When we see galaxies tangled together in a high-energy mass,
we're witnessing the birth of a new generation of quasars, galactic groups
and companion galaxies.
7. The unobservable and undetectable "missing mass" that Big Bang theory
claims makes up 99% of the universe isn't "missing". It simply isn't there.
8. The age of the universe can no longer be counted by retrocalculating an
expanding universe back to a singularity.
9. Distances, masses and luminosities of high-redshift quasars, galaxies and
clusters need to be recomputed as a function of something other than their
redshift.
Corollaries of 9) Quasars are not the "brightest objects in the universe" their magnitude is brighter than stars, but not as bright as most galaxies.
Gamma Ray Bursters don't "release more energy than the Big Bang".
When
placed at their proper close-by distance, their energy output becomes
more
reasonable.
10. So-called "gravitational lensing" of background quasars and galaxies
becomes ejection phenomena. This is especially true in the most notorious
case of gravitational lensing, the "Einstein cross": Supposedly, four images
of the same quasar wrap around the nucleus of a low-redshift galaxy.
However, a bridge of high redshift hydrogen connects two of the "quasar
images" and crosses in front of a lobe of the low-redshift galaxy. This
proves conclusively that these images are not the same quasar, nor are
they
background objects.
https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20011205084432/http://www.dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
NOV
2000
5/6
18/01/2017
dragonscience redshift
THE STATE OF THE UNIVERSE -- 2001: The universe as we understand it is
badly in need of repair and re-evaluation. Observations do not support the
theoretical constructs and mathematical ad hoccery of expanding universe/Big
Bang cosmology. The time has come to take off our doppler-colored glasses and
reexamine the pin-points of light beyond the Milky Way.
home | redshift | plasma | artifact | viewpoint | links
contact
http://w w w .dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
Go
NOV
26 captures
5 Dec 2001 - 15 Oct 2015
https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20011205084432/http://www.dragonscience.com:80/red/arpteaser.html
2000
6/6