1st Semester Exam Review Questions
Chapters 1,2,3,13,14
Chapter 1: Introduction to Biology (Due Wednesday)
1. The study of life is known as. Biology
2. What are the 8 characteristics of life? Made of one or more cells, displays organization, grows and develops,
reproduces, responds to stimuli, requires energy/metabolism, maintains homeostasis, adaptations evolve over
time
3. All living things are made up of these… cells
4. Food provides energy to drive this character of life. metabolism
5. Maintaining a stable internal environment is known as. homeostasis
6. The passing of traits from parent to offspring is known as heredity
7. There are 1000 g in 1kg.
8. There are 1000 mL in 1 L.
9. A possible explanation for an observation is (not a guess) hypothesis
10. While testing for the effectiveness of fertilizer a scientist does the following experiment: Plant1: fertilizer Plant 2: no
fertilizer. After 2 weeks the scientist measures the height of the plant. In this experiment the fertilizer is what type of
variable? independent What variable is the height of the plant? Dependent What group does plant 2 belong to? control
11. Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will
get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He
sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of “treatment” there is no change in the appearance of the
green slime on either side of the shower.
a. What is the independent variable? Type of treatment (water or coconut juice)
b. What is the dependent variable? Presence of slime
c. What is the control group? Water half of shower
Chapters 13-14: Ecology (Due Thursday)
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Ecosystem includes all of the biotic and abiotic factors in an area.
What are two or more interacting populations called? community
When two or more organisms from the same species interact with each other, what do we call that? population
The first trophic level contains what type or organisms? producers
Water, soil, weather, and sunlight are what type of factor in an environment? abiotic
A long-term relationship between 2 organisms is known as? symbiosis
What are the three types of species interactions that are considered to be symbiosis? Describe each. Mutualism-both
benefit; commensalism-one benefits other unaffected; parasitism-one benefits other is harmed
The study of the interaction of living organisms with each other and their environments is knows as? Ecology
Organisms that gain their energy from the sun are known as? Producers or autotrophs
Organisms that eat producers are known as? Primary consumers, herbivores, heterotrophs
The movement of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus through living and nonliving environment is called?
Biogeochemical cycles
What is the maximum number of organism that can survive in an area called? Carrying capacity
What factors affect carrying capacity? Food, water, shelter, predators
Based on the diagram, an ecologist would conclude that an increase in the fox population would cause a (n) decrease in
the owl population.
26. What does the diagram below show? The carbon cycle
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Organisms that feed on dead or decaying matter are called? Detritivores
What are the three dispersion patters? Clumped, random, even
What is primary succession? Growth of an environment where there was no growth before
What is a pioneer species? First organisms that live in a previously uninhabited area
Chapter 2: Biochemistry (Due Thursday)
The smallest basic unit of matter. atom
An atom or molecule that has lost or gained electrons. ion
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom. element
The sharing of electrons results in what type of bond? Covalent bonds
The attraction of water to each other is known as cohesion
What form do animals store glucose in? glycogen
Lipids are Polar/non polar? nonpolar
Are saturated fats liquid or solid? Solid
What are the 4 carbon compounds? Examples of each?
Carbohydrate: sugar, starch, glucose stored as glycogen, glucose=monomer (polysaccharide=carbohydrates)
Lipids: Oil, fat, lard, fatty acid=monomer
Proteins: enzymes, amino acid=monomer
Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA, nucleotide= monomer
Living cells contain buffers so cells can resist pH changes.
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is known as activation energy
The term for substances that are changed during a chemical reaction? reactants
A reaction in which more energy is absorbed than released. Endothermic reaction
What is the difference between a catalyst and an enzyme? Enzymes are catalyst found in living things
What is the pH of a base? 14-7.1 Acid? 1-6.9 neutral? 7
Chapter 3: Cells (Due Friday)
Who was the first person to see cells (cork)? Robert Hooke
Using a 10x ocular lens and a 40x objective lens what is the total magnification? 400x
What type of microscope do we use in class? Compound light microscope
List 3 differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
Prokaryotes-do not have a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, are smaller, older, and bacteria
Eukaryotes-have a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, are larger, younger, and all other cells.
What is the difference between magnification and resolution? Magnification: enlarges Resolution: clarity
The smallest units of living things are? cells
List the three parts to the cell theory. All living things are made of cells, all cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are
the basic unit of structure and function
As cell size increases the surface area to volume ratio? decreases
Are animal cells prokaryote or eukaryote? eukaryote
What is the difference between a plant and an animal cell?
Plant cells contain cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplast while animal cells do not
What makes up the cell membrane? phospholipid
The heads of the phospholipid bilayer are attracted to water because they are….? Polar/hydrophilic
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates?
lysosome
Which organelle looks like a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs and responsible for packaging and distribution
of proteins? Golgi apparatus
60. Structures that regulate what enter and leave the cell. cell membrane
61. A structure that performs a specific function. Organelle
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An organelle that moves supplies from one part of the cell to the other. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Organelle that produces energy. mitochondria
Organelle that carries out photosynthesis. chloroplasts
Hair like structures that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows. cilia
Proteins are made on: ribosomes
What are the 5 characteristics that all cells have? cell membrane, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
Large membrane bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. Large central vacuole
Network of proteins that supports and gives shape to a cell. cytoskeleton
What are the three organelles that are found in a plant cell but not an animal cell? Cell wall, central vacuole,
chloroplast
Which protein acts as a marker for the cell and has carbohydrates attached? Cell surface marker protein
Which protein regulates what can enter and leave the cell? Transport/channel protein
Which protein receives messages from outside the cell and transmits them inside? Receptor protein
Draw a phospholipid bilayer labeling all the structures.
75. Label the following cells with type of cell and the appropriate structures: nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts and cell
wall