Syllabus and Course Break up
1st Professional Year, B.V.Sc. & A.H.
(As per M.S.V.E. 2016)
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology,
Bhubaneswar - Odisha
0
SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISTRY (2+1)
1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH
1
THEORY SYLLABUS
UNIT-1 (General Veterinary Biochemistry)
Scope and Importance of Biochemistry. Structure of Biological Membranes and Transport across Membranes.
Donnan Membrane Equilibrium. Dissociation of Acids, pH, Buffer Systems, Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation.
Biochemistry of Carbohydrates: Biological Significance of Important Monosaccharides (Ribose, Glucose, Fructose,
Galactose, Mannose and Amino Sugars), Disaccharides (Maltose, Isomaltose, Lactose, Sucrose and Cellobiose),
Polysaccharides, (Starch, Dextrins, Dextrans, Glycogen, Cellulose, Inulin, Chitin), and Mucopolysaccharides
Including Bacterial Cell Wall Polysaccharides. Biochemistry of lipids: Properties and biological significance of simple,
compound and derived lipids and lipoproteins. Fat indices. Structure and functions of prostaglandins. Biochemistry of
proteins: Classification, Structure, Properties - Biological significance of proteins. Amino acids: Structure and
classification. Physical and chemical properties of amino acids - amphoteric nature, optical activity, and peptide bond
formation. Biochemistry of nucleic acids: Chemistry of purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides. Biological
significance of nucleosides and nucleotides. Structures and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and a typical
ribonucleic acid (RNA).
UNIT-2 (Intermediary Metabolism)
Enzymes: Definition and classification. Coenzymes, cofactors and iso-enzymes. Properties: Protein nature,
enzymesubstrate complex formation, modern concept of the active center of enzyme. Specificity of enzyme action:
Substrate specificity, group specificity, stereo or optical specificity. Factors influencing enzyme action: Effects of
temperature, pH, concentration of substrate and enzyme. Enzyme units: International Units, katal, turnover number
and specific activity.Enzyme inhibition: Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive inhibition and suicidal inhibition.
Allosteric enzymes. Biological oxidation: Enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxidation and reduction. Respiratory
chain or electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors, uncouplers and other factors influencing
electron transport chain. Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, HMP shunt, gluconeogenesis, Cori
cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, Bioenergetics of carbohydrate metabolism. Lipid metabolism: Beta oxidation of
fatty acids, ketone body formation, biosynthesis of fatty acids. Bioenergetics of lipid metabolism. Protein metabolism:
Biosynthesis and Degradation. Deamination, transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids. Ammonia transport
and urea cycle. Nucleic acid metabolism: Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines. DNA and RNA biosynthesis and
regulation. Regulation and Integration of metabolism.
UNIT- 3 (Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry)
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, Ketosis, Bovine Ketosis, Pregnancy toxemia,
hypoglycaemia in baby pigs, hyperinsulinism in Dogs. Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism and regulation
of blood sugar. Biochemical tests for the detection of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism. Plasma Proteins and
clinical significance, Proteins and Dysproteinemias,. Acute Phase proteins. Lipid Profile in disease diagnosis. Clinical
Enzymology - Diagnostic importance of non-functional plasma enzymes and Isoenzymes, Liver function tests Classification - Biochemical tests for differential diagnosis. Biochemical tests of renal function - Urine analysis - Role
of BUN, Uric acid and Creatinine in diagnosis. Disturbance in acid base balance and its diagnosis. Biochemistry of
digestive disorders. Biochemistry of oxidative stress and shock. Biochemical basis of fluid therapy. Detoxification in
the body: Metabolism of xenobiotics, General reactions for biotransformation of different groups of substances,
Cytochrome p450 system of enzymes.
2
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
UNIT-1 (General Veterinary Biochemistry)
Concentration of solutions and system International (S.I.) Units; Preparationor standardization of acids and
alkalies; Preparation of Buffers; Titration curve of acid versus base; Qualitative test for carbohydrates and
identification of unknown carbohydrates; Determination of acid number of an oil; Color and precipitation reactions of
proteins; Estimation of amino acids (Sorensen’s Method).
UNIT-2 (Intermediary Metabolism)
Effect of temperature and pH on enzyme activity; Estimation of blood or plasma Glucose, Protein, Inorganic
phosphate, Calcium, Magnesium; Estimation of ascorbic acid by Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) method;
Estimation of milk lactose by Benedicts quantative method; Estimation of sodium and potassium by flame
photometer; Paper or thin later Chromatography of amino acids; Estimation of vitamin A by colorimetry.
UNIT-3 (Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry)
Detection of Pathological Constituents in Urine; Assays of ALT and AST in Serum; Acute phase proteins (AorG
Ratio); Estimation of total serum cholesterol, Blood Urea Nitrogen, creatinine, serum billirubin (Direct, Indirect and
Total). Principles of various diagnostic tests, normal and abnormal values in different species, differential diagnosis,
correlating with diseases and rationale of arriving at the conclusion need to be rediscussed in detail during Final
Profesional in the course VETERINARY CLINICAL PRACTICES-II, Diagnostic Laboratory Section.
3
COURSE BREAK UP- THEORY
UNIT-I: General Veterinary Biochemistry
1
Scope and importance of biochemistry
2
Structure of biological membranes and membrane transport. Donnan’s membrane
equilibrium.
3
Brief idea on dissociation of acids, pH, buffer systems, Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation.
4
Carbohydrates: definition, function, classification and isomerism
5
Biological significance of important Monosaccharides (Ribose, Glucose, Fructose,
Galactose, Mannose and Amino Sugars) & Disaccharides (Maltose, Isomaltose, Lactose,
Sucrose and Cellobiose)
6
Biological significance of important Polysaccharides, (starch, dextrins, dextrans,
glycogen, cellulose, inulin, chitin)
7
Biological significance of important Muco-polysaccharides including bacterial cell wall
polysaccharides
8
Lipids: Definition, function, classification, structure of simple, compound and derived
lipids and lipoproteins
9
Classification, structure and biological significance of fatty acids and Fat indices
10
Structure and functions of prostaglandins and Chemistry of bile and bile acids
11
Proteins: Definition, biological significance, classification,
12
Structure and properties of proteins
13
Amino acid structure, classification and physical properties
14
Chemical properties of amino acids (amphoteric nature, optical activity, and peptide
bond formation)
15
Nucleic Acids: definition, biological significance, classification
16
Structural Chemistry and biological significance of nucleosides and nucleotides
17
Structures and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
18
Structures and functions of a typical ribonucleic acid (t-RNA)
UNIT-II: Veterinary Intermediary Metabolism
19
Enzymes: Definition and classification, EC numbering of enzymes
20
Protein nature of enzymes, theories of enzyme-substrate complex formation,
21
Modem concept of the active center of enzyme and enzyme action
22
Enzyme units: International Units, katal, turnover number & specific activity, substrate
specificity, group specificity, stereo or optical specificity of enzymes
23
Effects of temperature, pH, concentration of substrate and enzyme on enzyme action
24
Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive & suicidal inhibition
4
25
Allosteric enzymes, iso-enzymes Coenzymes, and Cofactors: definition and functions
26
Enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxidation and reduction Oxidoreductases/
oxidases/ oxygenases/ dehydrogenases/ hydroperoxidases/ cytochromes
27
Carbohydrate metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation
28
Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle
29
Glyoxylate cycle, HMP shunt, Gluconeogenesis
30
Cori cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis
31
Bioenergetics of carbohydrate metabolism
32
Lipid metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation
33
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids, ketone body formation
34
Biosyntheses of fatty acids
35
Bioenergetics of lipid metabolism
36
Protein Metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation
37
Deamination, transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
38
Ammonia transport and urea cycle
39
Nucleic acid Metabolism: Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines
40
Biosynthesis and regulation of DNA
41
Biosynthesis and regulation of RNA
42
Respiratory chain or electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation,
43
Inhibitors, uncouplers and other factors influencing electron transport chain
44
Regulation and integration of metabolism
UNIT-III: Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry
45
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, Ketosis, Bovine Ketosis
46
Pregnancy toxemia, hypoglycaemia in baby pigs, hyperinsulinism in Dogs
47
Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism and regulation of blood sugar
48
Biochemical tests for the detection of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism
49
Clinical significance of proteins and plasma proteins and
50
Clinical significance of dysproteinemias and. Acute Phase proteins
51
Clinical significance of lipid parameters and diseases diagnosis
52
Diagnostic importance of non-functional plasma enzymes and Isoenzymes
53
Different types of Liver function tests for differential diagnosis
54
Biochemical tests of renal function - Urine analysis
55
Role of BUN, Uric acid and Creatinine in diagnosis
56
Disturbance in acid base balance and its diagnosis
57
Biochemistry of digestive disorders
5
58
Biochemistry of oxidative stress and shock
59
Biochemical basis of fluid therapy
60
Detoxification in the body: General reactions for biotransformation of different groups of
substances
61
Metabolism of xenobiotics and Cytochrome p450 system of enzymes
COURSE BREAK UP – PRACTICAL
UNIT-I: General Veterinary Biochemistry
1
Concentration of solutions - System international (S.I.) Units.
2
Preparation/standardization of acids / alkalies
3
Preparation of buffers and Titration curve of acid versus base
4
Qualitative tests for monosaccharide and their identification
5
Qualitative tests for disaccharide and their identification
6
Qualitative tests for polysaccharide and their identification
7
Identification of unknown carbohydrates
8
Determination of acid number of an oil
9
Color and precipitation reactions of proteins
10
Estimation of amino acids (Sorensen’s Method)
UNIT-II: Veterinary Intermediary Metabolism
11
Effect of pH on enzyme activity
12
Effect of temperature on enzyme activity
13
Estimation of blood / plasma glucose
14
Estimation of plasma protein
15
Estimation of plasma inorganic phosphate
16
Estimation of plasma calcium
17
Estimation of plasma Magnesium
18
Estimation of Ascorbic acid by Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) method
19
Estimation of milk lactose by Benedicts quantative method
20
Estimation of sodium and potassium by flame photometer;
21
Paper or thin later Chromatography of amino acids
22
Estimation of vitamin A by colorimetry
6
UNIT-III: Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry
23
Pathological Urine analysis
24
Assays of ALT and AST in Serum
25
Assays of Acute phase proteins (AorG Ratio)
26
Estimation of total serum cholesterol, , ,
27
Estimation of Blood Urea Nitrogen
28
Estimation of creatinine
29
Estimation of serum billirubin (Direct, Indirect and Total).
30
Principles and procedures of various diagnostic tests
31
Renal function and Liver function tests
7
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH
Credit Hours: 4+2
8
COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY
Teacher
(GENERAL LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT)
1
Demographic distribution of livestock and role in Indian economy
2
Problems and prospects of livestock industry in India
3
Common animal husbandry terms (glossary)
4
Body conformation and identification
5
Transportation of livestock and wild or zoo animals
6
Common farm management practices including disinfection,
Dr. Bhagirathi
7
isolation, quarantine and disposal of carcass
Panigrahi
8 & 9 Introduction to methods of drug administration
and
Common vices of animals (Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat), their
10
Dr. Kumaresh Behera
prevention and care
11
Livestock production systems
Animal holding and land holding patterns in different agro12
climatic zones
13
Organic livestock production
14
Judging and BCS for body parts of livestock
15
Preparation of animals for show
16
Culling of animals; Selection and purchase of livestock
UNIT-2 FODDER PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION
1
Importance of grasslands and fodder in livestock production
2-6 Agronomical Practices for fodder production
Important leguminous and non-leguminous fodders in different
7
seasons
Soil and Water conservation and drainage of water for fodder
8
production
Dr. L.K. Babu
9
Fodder production for small livestock units
10
Structures for storage of feeds and fodders
11
Scarcity fodders and preservation of green fodder
Recycling of animal washings and wastes in fodders production
12
and use of recycle waste
UNIT-3 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT-RUMINANTS
Housing systems, layout and design of different buildings for
1
animals.
Selection of site: General principles affecting the design and
2
construction of building for housing for various livestock species
Arrangements of the building with special reference to Indian
conditions. Utilization of local materials. Building materials used
3
for construction of wall, roof and floor of animal houses, their
Dr. Bhagirathi
characteristics, merits and demerits
Panigrahi
4
Breeds of cattle and descriptions of important breeds
and
5
Breeds of buffalo and descriptions of important breeds
Dr. Kumaresh Behera
6
Economic traits of cattle and buffaloes
7
General management and feeding practices of calves
General management and feeding practices of heifers, pregnant,
8
lactating and dry animals
General management and feeding practices of bulls and working
9
animals
Draught ability of cattle and buffaloes, Raising of buffalo males for
10
meat production
9
UNIT-1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 &
20
20
21
Routine animal farm operations and labour management
Animal farm accounts and records
Methods of milking and precautions
Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk production
Clean milk production
Breeds of sheep and their descriptions.
Breeds of goat and their descriptions
Important economic traits for meat, milk and fibre
General management and feeding practices during different
stages of growth, development and production (milk, meat and
wool)
Breeding schedule and management of ram and buck
Weaning and fattening of lambs and kids
UNIT-4 ZOO ANIMALS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Taxonomy of important wild zoo animals
Status and conservation practices of wildlife in India
Basic principles of habitat and housing of various classes of wild
zoo animals
Size and space requirement (dimension) of cubicles, enclosures of
important wild zoo animals
Management of livestock in fringe areas, in and surrounding the
breeding areas
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Feeding habits, feeds and feeding schedules of captive animals
Restraining, capture, handling, physical examination of captive
animals
Classification of zoos, management of sanctuaries, national parks
etc.
Acts and Rules related to captive animals
National and international organization and institutions interlinked
to captive animals role and functioning
UNIT-5 ANIMAL WELFARE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Definition of animal welfare and ethics
Human and animal welfare in relation to ecosystem and
environmental factors
Role of veterinarians in animal welfare
Animal welfare organizations, Animal Welfare Board of India their role, functions and current status
Rules, regulations, laws on animal welfare
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 {59 of 1960)
Role and function of Committee for the Purpose of Controlling and
Supervising Experiments in Animals (CPCSEA)
Protection of wild life in nature and captivity
Protection and welfare of performing animals
Welfare of animals during transportation
Animal welfare in commercial livestock farming practices
Protection and welfare of working animals, Pet and companion
animal welfare
Animal welfare during natural calamities and disaster
management
Legal duties of veterinarians,
10
Dr. K. Behera
Common offences against animals and laws related to these
offences
13
Provincial and Central Acts relating to animals
14
Laws relating to offences affecting Public Health
15
Livestock Importation Act Evidence, liability and insurance
Code of Conduct and Ethics for veterinarians - the Regulations
16
made under the Act
UNIT-6 POULTRY PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Indian poultry industry – Brief outline of the different segments –
1
poultry statistics
Classification of poultry with respect to production characters,
2
age and standards
3
Production characters of other avian species
Description of indigenous fowls and their value in rural farming.
4
Specific strains developed for rural poultry production; their
acceptability and importance in rural eco-system
Brooding management – Types of brooders – preparation of shed
5
– Importance of environmental factors
Housing – Types of poultry houses – space requirements. Recent
6
advances in housing systems and rearing systems
Scavenging system of management – Low input technology –
7
Backyard and semi-intensive units; their management and
economic achievements
Deep litter management – control of litter-borne diseases and
8
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
recycling of litter
Dr. L.K. Babu
Cage
management–Different
types;
Advantages
and
9
disadvantages. Management of growers and layers
10
Management of broilers and breeders. Stress management
Feeding management–Classification of nutrients – Nutrient
11
requirements and feed formulations
Feeding systems–Feed restrictions – phase feeding – Additives
12
and supplements. Water management
Breeding systems and methods of mating. Selection and culling.
13
Breeding for specific characters and for hybrid chicken
production
14
Poultry judging
Egg structure – Physical and chemical composition. Bio-security
15
and principles of disease prevention management
Health care for common poultry diseases – vaccination
16
General principles of poultry medication
UNIT-7
1
2
3
4
5
6
DIVERSIFIED POULTRY PRODUCTION & HATCHERY
MANAGEMENT
Principles of incubation and hatchery management practices
Factors affecting fertility and hatchability, selection and care of
hatching eggs and hatchery hygiene
Candling, sexing, grading, packing and disposal of hatchery Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
waste
Dr. L.K. Babu
Economics of hatchery business – Troubleshooting hatchery
failures–Computer applications in hatchery management
Poultry waste management, pollution and environmental issues
Organic and hill farming. Mixed or integrated poultry farming
11
7
8
9
10
UNIT-8
1-2
3-4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
UNIT-9
1
2
3-4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Vertical & horizontal integration in commercial poultry production
– Contract farming
Export or import of poultry produce and marketing
Management of ducks, geese
Management of turkeys, Japanese quails, guinea fowls etc.
LABORATORY OR RABBIT OR PET ANIMAL PRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
Importance and selection of laboratory animal, care and housing
standards of mice, rats, hamster and guinea pigs
General considerations on feeding and breeding of laboratory
animals
Concept of production of specific pathogen free and germ free
laboratory animals
Scope of rabbit farming in the country, breeds and their
distributions in India, Limitation of rabbit animal production
Selection, care and management of breeding stock for
commercial purpose
Identification, care and management of kindling animals
Care of new born, growing stock
Breeding and selection techniques for optimal production of
rabbit
Feeds and feeding for rabbit production
Hygienic care and Housing for rabbit production
Disposal, utilization and recycling of waste etc.
Preparing projects for micro (Backyard), mini and major rabbit
farms
Important breeds of dogs, cats and pet birds
Feeding of dogs, cats and pet birds
Dog show: preparation for show, kennel clubs, important
characteristics for judgment
Utility of dogs- guarding, defense, patrolling, riot control,
scouting, espionage, mine detection, tracking, guiding, hunting,
races, retrieving rescue and other uses
SWINE OR EQUINE OR CAMEL, YAK AND MITHUN
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Introduction and scope of swine farming in the country
Demography of swine population
Selection and breeding techniques in swine; Important breeds
(exotic and indigenous) & their characteristics
Housing and feeding of swine
Management of different categories of swine for optimal
production: breeding and pregnant sows; sows at farrowing and
after farrowing
Management of different categories of swine for optimal
production: piglets, growing stock, lactating sows, feedlot stock
Equine population of India; Horses, donkeys and mules and their
utility
Colors and markings. Identification of breeds of horses
Dentition and ageing of horses
Care and routine management of equines including grooming,
12
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. S. Kanungo,
Dr. K. Behera &
Dr. J. Bagh
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
saddling and exercise
Stable and its management
Vices of horses
Foot care and shoeing care
Feeding routine for horse, donkeys and mules
Care of stallion, Mating of horses, brood mare and its care
Foaling and care of newborn. Breeding mules
Care of race horses and preparing horses for show
Doping and its detection
Colic and its prevention
Common breeds of camel in India and their utility, peculiarities in
camel
Feeding schedule of camel, rutting symptoms in camel; Vices of
camel
Care of breeding in camel, pregnancy and parturition of camel
Population statistics and utility, peculiarities of yak
Feeding and breeding of Mithun or Yaks. Yak x cattle crossing,
hybrids from Mithun or Yaks and their adaptation to high altitude,
milk composition of Mithun or Yaks
13
COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS
UNIT-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
UNIT-2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UNIT-3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
UNIT-4
1
2
3
4
5
UNIT-5
1
GENERAL LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
General introduction of the Institute animal farm
Identification of common tools used on animal farm
Familiarization with body points of animals
Methods of identification (marking, tattooing, branding,
tagging and electronic chip under pre emptive analgesia)
Use of rope for knot and halter making
Dentition and ageing of animals
Preparation of animals for show and judging
Selection and culling of animals
Preparation of project proposal
FODDER PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION
Visit to the fodder farm
Familiarization with the various types of fodders in the state
and India
Familiarization with various fertilizers and manures
Collection, preservation and storage of feed and fodder
Damages or loss during transfer and storage; methods to
prevent them
Cost of calculations of fodder production
Livestock waste utilization and recycling
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT-RUMINANTS
Layout plans for different livestock houses
Visit to different animal farms and Identification of various
breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep and Goat
Humane handling and restraining of cattle, buffalo, sheep and
Goat
Clipping, shearing, dipping, spraying and spotting sick
animals
Determination of body weight using different measurements
Familiarization with routine cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat
farm operations
Milking of dairy animals
Shearing of sheep
Training of breeding males
Detection of heat
Identification and care of pregnant animals, care of neonatal
and young stock
Economics of dairy, sheep or goat farm
ZOO ANIMALS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Visit to nearby wildlife sanctuary, captive animals centres to
study care and management of these animals
To study housing of captive animals
To study feeds and feeding schedule of captive animals
Hygienic preparation, preservation and storage of feeds of
captive animals
Familiarization about restraining, handling and physical
examination of captive animals
POULTRY PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Common breeds of poultry, different classes, Indian chickens
14
Teacher
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. S. Kanungo
Dr. S. Kanungo
Dr. S. Kanungo
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
UNIT-6
1
2
3
4
5
UNIT-7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
UNIT-8
1
2
3
4
and other avian species breeds
Digestive and respiratory system of chicken
Male and female reproductive system
Quality changes in egg during storage
Economic traits of broilers
Economic traits of egg-type chicken and breeders
AI in poultry
Housing and design of a poultry farm
Poultry farm equipment and their classification
Brooding arrangement in broiler farms
Poultry feed ingredients and its quality assessment
Poultry feed preparations
Calculation of different economic indices of broiler farm
Calculation of economic indices of layer farm
Fundamentals in poultry Post-mortem examination for sample
collection. Collection and dispatch of samples for PM
examination
Management during Summer, Winter and Rainy season
Automization in poultry farms (EC house)
INCUBATION AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
Hatchery layout and design
Project report for establishing a broiler farm
Project report for establishing a layer farm
Project report for establishing a breeder farm
Visit to commercial poultry farms or hatchery or feed mill
Visit to farms of other avian species
LABORATORY
OR
RABBIT
OR
PET
ANIMAL
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Identification of body parts and handling, weighing, sexing
and weaning of laboratory animals
Marking for identification of laboratory animals for purpose of
their individual recording
Computation, feeding schedule of balanced diet for high
breeding efficiency of laboratory animals
Maintenance of breeding records of laboratory animals
Prophylactic measures against common disease of laboratory
animals
Hygienic care and control of parasites; Shearing of rabbit
Feeding and Housing requirement and equipments for rabbit
Projects report for establishing of rabbit farm
Handling and restraining of dog, cat and pet bird and
equipments for pet animals and birds
Brushing or grooming and bathing of dogs and cats
Nail and tooth care, clipping of hairs for show purpose
Care of pups, kitten and weaning
SWINE / EQUINE / CAMEL, YAK & MITHUN
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Handling, restraining of swine, equines, camel
Identification of pregnant animals, care during pregnancy,
isolation and care of farrowing sows and piglets
Preparation of swine, equine for show and judging
Economics of pig
15
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. B. Panigrahi
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. K. Behera
Dr. G.P. Mohanty
Dr. G.P. Mohanty
Dr. G.P. Mohanty
Dr. G.P. Mohanty
5
6
7
Routine inspection, tooth care and vaccination schedule
Horse riding: walking, trotting, cantering and galloping
Layout plans for sty, stables
16
Dr. S. Kanungo
Dr. S. Kanungo
Dr. S. Kanungo
VETERINARY ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH
Credit Hours: 4+3
17
COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY
Unit - 1 (General)
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Topic
No.
1 Introduction to anatomy and branches of anatomy. Descriptive terms used in anatomy and
study of anatomical planes
2 Study of properties and structure of bone. Classification of skeletons.
3 Classification of bones with suitable examples and terms used in Osteology.
4 Introduction to Arthrology, classification of joints, different diarthrodial joints
5 Structure of diarthrodial joints and movements permitted. Introduction to Myology
6 Classification of muscles, etymology of muscles. Description of tendon, ligaments,
aponeurosis, synovial bursa and synovial sheath
7 Introduction to angiology. Structure of heart
8 General plan of systemic and pulmonary circulations, lymphatic and venous systems
9 Introduction to neurology and parts of central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system
and sense organs
10 Formation of spinal nerve and structure of meninges
11 Structure of brain, spinal cord
12 Different surface regions, joint regions, Palpable Bony areas or prominences of the body of
the animal. Palpable Lymph nodes and Arteries of the body and Surface veins for
Venipunctrure. Sites for collection of Bone marrow and Cerebrospinal fluid
13 Introduction to Splanchnology, boundaries of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
14 Topography of different organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and
female reproductive systems of domestic animals and fowl
15 Principles and application of Radiography and Ultrasound for bones and soft tissues
Unit - 2 (Forelimb)
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Topic
Study of Scapula in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
Study of humerus in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
Study of Radius and Ulna in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
Study of Carpal in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
Study of metacarpal in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
Study of Phalanges (Hooves of ox and horse) of forelimb in cattle and their differences in
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horse, dog, pig and fowl
Joints and ligaments of forelimb-I
Joints and ligaments of forelimb-II
Stay apparatus in horse
Extrathoracic branches of Axillary artery-I
Extrathoracic branches of Axillary artery-II
Venous system of forelimb
Lymphatic system of forelimb
Extrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus and Sites for Radial, Median, Ulnar and Volar
nerve blocks-I
Extrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus and Sites for Radial, Median, Ulnar and Volar
nerve blocks-II
Unit – 3 (Head and neck)
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Topic
Study of cranial and facial bones-I
Study of cranial and facial bones-II
cervical vertebrae of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
Boundaries of the oral, orbital, nasal and cranial cavities
Study of paranasal sinuses in ox, horse, dog and pig
Study of articulations and special ligaments of the head and neck-I
Study of articulations and special ligaments of the head and neck-II
Muscles of face and mastication
Muscles of eye, ear, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid and larynx-I
Muscles of eye, ear, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid and larynx-II
Study of teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid and
salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
Study of teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid and
salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
Study of teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid and
salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
Study of cranial nerves-I
Study of cranial nerves-II
Study of cranial nerves-III
Study of cranial nerves-IV
Blood vessels and lymph nodes of head and neck regions-I
Blood vessels and lymph nodes of head and neck regions-II
Study of boundaries of jugular furrow and structures of carotid sheath along with neck
muscles-I
Study of boundaries of jugular furrow and structures of carotid sheath along with neck
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muscles-II
Study of sense organs-I
Study of sense organs-II
Study of sense organs-III
Study of sense organs-IV
Study of trachea
Study of oesophagus
Age determination by Dentition
Sites for Tracheotomy, Esophagotomy, Ligation of Stensons duct and Mental,
Mandibular, Maxillary , Cornual, Infraorabital , Supraorbital (frontal) , Orbital and
Auriculopalpebral nerve blocks
Surgical approach to guttural pouches in horse. Importance of Cornual nerve and
superficial Temporal artery in Amputation of Horn in cattle
Unit – 4 (Thorax)
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Topic
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1
Thoracic vertebra and ribs in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
2
Sternum in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
3
Joints and ligaments of vertebral column, sternum and ribs
4
Intrathoracic branches of Axillary artery
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Intrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus
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Lymph vessels and nodes of thorax and study of trachea
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Study of thymus and oesophagus
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Study of lungs in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
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Study of pleura, its reflections and mediastinum
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Areas of auscultation and percussion of heart and lungs and site for Paracentesis Thoracis
Unit – 5 (Abdomen)
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Study of bones of abdomen of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl. Study of
joints, special ligaments, blood vessels, nerves of abdomen region
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Blood supply to abdominal viscera
Nerve supply to abdominal viscera
Study of peritoneal reflections
Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
Organs of urinary system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
Organs of male reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
Organs of female reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
Organs of female reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
Study of mammary glands in cow and differences in mare, bitch and sow
Study of spleen of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
Study of major veins, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and endocrine glands of abdomen.
Boundaries and Clinical importance of the flank and Para-Lumbar fossa. Sites for Liver
,Gall Bladder
and Caecal Biopsies, Laparotomy, Rumenocentesis ,Rumenotomy,
abomasotomy, spleenectomy, Cystotomy , Caesarean Operation , enterotomy, and
paravertebral block
Unit – 6 (Hind limb and pelvis)
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Topic
Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
Study of joints and ligaments of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera
Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-I
Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-II
Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-III
Study of lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-I
Study of lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-II
Organs of digestive, urinary, male and female reproductive systems present in pelvic cavity
and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
organs of digestive, urinary, male and female reproductive systems present in pelvic cavity
and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
Boundaries of the inguinal canal and structures of the spermatic cord and its importance,
structures of the pre pubic tendon and its importance
Study of Male external genital organs
Study of Female external genital organs
Sites for Tibial, Peroneal, Plantar and Pudic nerve blocks, Patellar desmotomy,
Urethrotomy, Castration, Vasectomy, cranial and caudal epidural anaesthesia-I
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Unit – 7 (Histology)
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Topic
Cytology-I
Cytology-II
Cell junctions
Study of basic tissues i.e. epithelial tissues
Study of basic tissues i.e. connective tissue
Study of basic tissues i.e. muscular tissues
Study of basic tissues i.e. nervous tissues
Study of blood and bone marrow
Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-I
Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-II
Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-III
Study of microscopic structures of circulatory system
Study of microscopic structures of urinary system
Study of microscopic structures of respiratory system-I
Study of microscopic structures of respiratory system-II
Study of microscopic structures of nervous system-I
Study of microscopic structures of nervous system-II
Study of microscopic structures of lymphatic system-I
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Study of microscopic structures of lymphatic system-II
Study of microscopic structures of endocrine system-I
Study of microscopic structures of endocrine system-II
Study of microscopic structures of male genital system
Study of microscopic structures of female genital system-I
Study of microscopic structures of female genital system and mammary gland-II
Study of microscopic structure of sense organs i.e. eye, ear and integument-I
Study of microscopic structure of sense organs i.e. eye, ear and integument-II
Unit – 8 (Embryology)
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Topic
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Introduction to embryology and gametogenesis
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Fertilization, cleavage, types of eggs, morula and blastulation
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Gastrulation, types of implantation and twinning
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Formation of foetal membranes in mammals and birds
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Placenta and its classification and different germ layers and their derivatives
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Development of organs of digestive system-I
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Development of organs of digestive system-II
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Development of accessory organs of digestive system (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver
and pancreas)
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Study of development of organs of respiratory system
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Study of development of organs of urinary system
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Study of development of organs of circulatory and lymphatic system
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Study of development of organs of nervous system
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Study of development of organs of musculoskeletal, male and female reproductive systems
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Development of endocrine glands
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Development of sense organs i.e. eye and ear
COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS
Unit – 1 (General)
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Topic
Study of general terms used in anatomy, study of anatomical planes
Study of different parts of skeleton, different surface and joint regions
Study of boundaries of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
Demonstration of different types of joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, synovial bursa and
synovial sheath
In situ demonstration of heart, meninges, brain and spinal cord-I
In situ demonstration of heart, meninges, brain and spinal cord-II
Boundaries of Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities and in situ demonstration of
organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive
systems of domestic animals-I
Boundaries of Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities and in situ demonstration of
organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive
systems of domestic animals-II
Demonstration of different surface regions, joint regions and Palpable Bony areas or
prominences of the body of the animal , Common sites of fractures, Palpable Lymph nodes
and Arteries of the body ( ventral coccygeal artery in ox, femoral artery in dog and cat ,
facial artery in horse ) and Surface veins for Venipunctrure (cephalic vein and recurrent
tarsal vein in dog and cat , jugular vein in large animals) and Sites for collection of Bone
marrow and Cerebrospinal fluid
Visualization of Radiographs and ultrasound pictures of various organs and Fractures of
various bones
Unit – 2 (Fore limb)
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Sl
Topic
No.
1 Demonstration of different bones of fore limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig
and fowl-I
2 Demonstration of different bones of fore limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig
and fowl-II
3 Demonstration of different bones of fore limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig
and fowl-III
4 Dissection of the fore limb-I
5 Dissection of the fore limb-II
6 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore
limb-I
7 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore
limb-II
8 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore
limb-III
9 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore
limb-IV
10 Study of sites for different nerves blocks/neurectomies in forelimb. Study of suprascapular
nerve paralysis-shoulder sweeny, radial nerve paralysis-capped elbow
11 Structure of the equine hoof and comparison with ox and Clinical importance of cephalic
vein for intravenous injections in dog
12 Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones of fore limb-I
Unit – 3 (Head and Neck)
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Topic
Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-I
Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-II
Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-III
cervical vertebrae of ox and comparison with horse, dog and fowl
Dissection of muscles of face, mastication, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid, larynx, eye
and ear-I
Dissection of muscles of face, mastication, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid, larynx, eye
and ear-II
Dissection of muscles of Neck and ligamentum nuchae
Dissection of brain and its parts-I
Dissection of brain and its parts-II
Dissection/demonstration of tunics of eye
Study of teeth, tongue, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid and salivary glands and differences in
horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
Study of teeth, tongue, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid and salivary glands and differences in
horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-I
Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-II
Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-III
Study of trachea and oesophagus
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Study of nerve blocks of the head i.e cornual, auriculo-palpebral, Peterson’s orbital nerve
block, mandibulo-alveolar and mental nerve blocks; Importance of facial artery for
recording pulse in horse. Surgical importance of Stenson’s duct in domestic animals;
Surgical approach to guttural pouches-Viborg’s triangle. Clinical importance of jugular
vein for intravenous injections in large animals
Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones of head and neck
Unit – 4 (Thorax)
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Topic
Demonstration of thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum of ox and comparison with horse,
dog, pig and fowl-I
Demonstration of thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum of ox and comparison with horse,
dog, pig and fowl-II
Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-I
Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-II
Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-III
Demonstration of organs of thorax i.e. trachea, oesophagus, thymus, lungs and heart and
differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
Demonstration of organs of thorax i.e. trachea, oesophagus, thymus, lungs and heart and
differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
Demonstration of organs of thorax i.e. trachea, oesophagus, thymus, lungs and heart and
differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
Study of pleural reflections of thoracic cavity and Demonstration of sites for auscultation
and percussion; Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis-roaring in horses. Choke /
oesophageal obstruction
Demonstration of radiographs and videos of ultrasonography of organs of thorax
Unit – 5 (Abdomen)
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Topic
No.
1 Demonstration of bones forming boundaries of abdomen of ox and comparison with horse,
dog, pig and fowl
2 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels and nerves of abdomen-I
3 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels and nerves of abdomen-II
4 Demonstration of peritoneum, omentum, mesentry and organs of digestive, urinary, male
and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and
fowl-I
5 Demonstration of peritoneum, omentum, mesentry and organs of digestive, urinary, male
and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and
fowl-II
6 Demonstration of peritoneum, omentum, mesentry and organs of digestive, urinary, male
and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and
fowl-III
7 Demonstration of mammary glands of cow, mare, bitch and sow and Demonstration of
major veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes of abdomen
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Topographic location of abdominal viscera of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and
fowl. Demonstration of sites for laparotomy, caesarean section, ovario-hysterectomy,
catheterization of urinary bladder and sites for paravertebral and epidural anaesthesia
Demonstration of Boundaries and Clinical importance of the flank and Para Lumbar
Fossa,Sites for Liver ,Gall Bladder and Caecal Biopsies, Laparotomy,Rumenocentesis
,Rumenotomy,abomasotomy, spleenectomy Cystotomy , Caesarean Operation,
catheterization of urinary bladder and enterotomy and paravertebral block
Demonstration of radiographs and videos of ultrasonography of organs of abdomen
Unit – 6 (Hind limb and pelvis)
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No.
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Topic
Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowlII
Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowlIII
Demonstration of joints and ligaments of hind limb and pelvis-I
Demonstration of joints and ligaments of hind limb and pelvis-II
Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic
cavity-I
Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic
cavity-II
Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic
cavity-III
Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic
cavity-IV
Demonstration of peritoneal reflections of pelvic cavity and organs of digestive, urinary,
male and female reproductive systems in pelvic cavity and differences in horse, dog, pig
and fowl-I
Demonstration of peritoneal reflections of pelvic cavity and organs of digestive, urinary,
male and female reproductive systems in pelvic cavity and differences in horse, dog, pig
and fowl-II
Study of Male and female external genital organs
Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones and videos of ultrasonography of organs of
pelvis
Clinical importance of recurrent tarsal vein for intravenous injections in dog.
Demonstration of Sites for Tibial, Peroneal, Plantar and Pudic nerve blocks, Patellar
desmotomy, Urethrotomy, Castration, Vasectomy and cranial and caudal epidural
anaesthesia; Clinical importance of femoral artery to record pulse in dog.
Unit – 7 (Histology)
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Topic
Microscopy and micrometry, Comparison of light and electron microscopy
Histological techniques, processing of tissues for paraffin sectioning and haematoxylin and
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eosin staining-I
Histological techniques, processing of tissues for paraffin sectioning and haematoxylin and
eosin staining-II
Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-I
Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-II
Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-III
Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-IV
Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-V
Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-I
Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-II
Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-III
Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-IV
Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-V
Microscopic examination of organs of circulatory system
Microscopic examination of organs of urinary system, Microscopic examination of
organs of respiratory system
Microscopic examination of organs of lymphatic system
Microscopic examination of organs of endocrine system
Microscopic examination of organs of male genital system
Microscopic examination of organs of female genital system-I
Microscopic examination of organs of female genital system-II
Microscopic examination of sensory organs of domestic animals-I
Microscopic examination of sensory organs of domestic animals-II
Unit – 8 (Embryology)
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Topic
No.
1 Demonstration of Placenta, umbilical cord and foetal membranes of different domestic
animals-I
2 Demonstration of Placenta, umbilical cord and foetal membranes of different domestic
animals-II
3 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-I
4 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-II
5 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-III
6 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-I
7 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-II
8 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-III
9 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-IV
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VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY
1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH
Credit Hours: 4+1
29
COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY
UNIT- 1
BLOOD
1st class- Introduction to Blood- properties of blood as a body fluid
2nd class- Metabolism and fate of R.B.C
3rd class- Hemoglobin-chemical structure, synthesis, physiological functions
4th class- Derivatives of hemoglobin
5th class- Haemorrhage haemostasis
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1st class- Heart- morphological characteristic, systemic excitability conduction and transmission
processes.
2nd class- Cardiac Cycle
3rd class- Regulation of cardiac output
4th class- Coronary circulation
5th class- Properties of pulse; metabolism and energetic of working myocardial cell, extrinsic and
intrinsic regulation.
6th class- Electrocardiograph and its significance in Veterinary Sciences
7th class- Echocardiography
8th class- Haemodynamics of circulation
9th class- Circulatory mechanics, resistance to flow, vasoconstriction, nervous and circulating
fluid volume controls of blood pressure,
10th class- Neurohormonal control of vascular smooth muscle.
11th class- Circulatory controls- shock stresses,
12th class- Regional and fetal circulation.
13th class- Capillary exchange, control of blood pressure.
14th class- Adjustment of circulation during exercise.
MUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS
1st class- Muscle Physiology-basic muscle unit characteristic
2nd class- Electrical phenomenon in muscle cell - muscle action potential,
3rd class- Excitation and propagation of impulse characteristics- latent period refractiveness
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4th class- Threshold level-all and none characteristics
5th class- Contractile mechanism - excitation - contraction coupling- neuro-muscular
transmission types of muscle contraction
6th class- Phenomenon of fatigue and rigor mortis
7th class- Organization of nervous system
8th class- Mechanism of information processing, hierarchical control.
9th class- Major function system- sensory, consciousness, emotion, motor and visceral control
10th class- basic functional unit – neuron structure
11th class- Type functional characteristics of sub-units of neuron.
12th class-Membrane potential -ionic basis of resting membrane potential (RMP) nerve action
potential
13th class-Excitation and propagation of impulse characteristics- latent period- refractive-ness,
threshold level-all and none characteristics.
14th class- Degeneration and regeneration of nerve fibre.
15th class- Synaptic and junctional transmission.
16th class- Functions of nervous system-reflexes-control of posture and movements
17th class- Autonomic nervous system and visceral control
18th class- Neurotransmitter wakefulness, sleep cycle.
19th class- Higher function of neurons system - learning, memory, electroencephalography.
20th class- Sense organs and receptors physiology of special senses- Eye: functional
morphology, nourishment and protection neural pathway receptors- optics, ocular
muscles and movements, photochemistry,
21st class- Vision defects Ear: Physiology of hearing and common hearing impairment. Vestibule
apparatus.
22nd class- Physiology of olfaction and taste
UNIT-2
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1st class- Morphological characteristic of mono gastric and poly gastric digestive system.
2nd class- Prehension, rumination; defecation
3rd class-Vomition; regulation of secretory function of saliva, stomach, intestine, pancreas; bile
secretion
4th class- Hunger, appetite control developmental aspects of digestion
5th class- Luminous, membranous and microbial digestion in rumen and intestine
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6th class- Permeability characteristics of intestine, forces governing absorption,
7th class- Control intestinal transport of electrolyte and water
8th class- Enzymatic digestion in monogastric
9th class- Fermentative digestion in rumen, modification of toxic substances in rumen
10th class- Digestion in birds
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1st class- Functional morphology of respiratory apparatus.
2nd class- Mechanics of breathing
3rd class- Transport of blood gases, foetal and neonatal oxygen transport
4th class- Dissociation curves, pressures, recoil tendency
5th class- Elasticity, surfactants, pleural liquid, compliance
6th class- Exchanges of gases in lungs and tissues, neural and chemical regulation of breathing,
diffusion, perfusion, hypoxia.
7th class- Frictional resistance to air flow, airways smooth muscle contraction, respiratory muscle
work, panting, adaptation of respiration during muscle exercise, high altitude hypoxia,
Non-respiratory lung functions.
8th class- Respiration in birds
UNIT-3
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
1st class- Kidney- Functional morphology of nephrons
2nd class - Factors determining filtration pressure, determination of glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) and renal plasma flow
3rd class- Re-absorption mechanisms for glucose, protein, amino acids, electrolytes; ammonium
mechanism,
4th class - Glomerulo-tubular balance,
5th class - Methods of studying renal functions
6th class - Urine concentration
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7th class - Micturition, uremia. Fluid, water balance, fluid therapy, dehydration, water
concentration mechanisms.
8th class - Acid base balance and H+ regulation, correction and evolution of imbalances, total
osmotic pressure.
9th class - Formation and excretion of urine of Birds.
10th class - Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluids - composition, formation and flow
11th class - Joints
12th class - Regulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
1st class - Hormone cell interaction, sub-cellular mechanisms-metabolism of hormones
2nd class - Methods of study of endocrine system;
3rd class - Receptors- mechanism of regulation
4th class- Chemistry of hypothalamo- hypophyseal hormones, target organ
5th class- Pineal, thyroid, thymus
6th class- Pancreas
7th class- Adrenal
8th class- Prostaglandins
9th class- Hormones of calcium metabolism, disorders
10th class- Rennin-angiotensin system
11th class- Atrial natriuretic factors, erythropoietin, GI hormones, pheromones.
UNIT-4
REPRODUCTION
1st class- Genetic and endocrine control of gonadal development
2nd class- Modification of gonadotrophin release
3rd class- Ovarian functions, follicular development, dynamics
4th class- Endocrine and receptor profiles
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5th class- Sexual receptivity, ovarian cycle
6th class- Post-partum ovarian activity
7th class- Ovum transport
8th class- Capacitation
9th class- Fertilization
10th class- Reproductive cycles in farm animals
11th class- Hormones present in the biological fluids during pregnancy and their uses for the
diagnosis of pregnancy
12th class- Maternal foetal placental participation in pregnancy
13th class- Parturition
14th class- Immunology of gestation
15th class- Preparturient endocrine status
16th class- Spermatogenic cycle and wave
17th class- Function of sertoli cell-leydig cell
18th class- Semen - composition- evaluation
19th class- Testosterone - function and regulation
20th class- Cryptorchidism.
21st class- Puberty and Photoperiod
22nd class- Uses of androgens, progestogens, estrogens.
LACTATION
1st class- Functional and metabolic organization of mammary glands - structure and development
2nd class- Effect of estrogens and progesterone
3rd class- Hormonal control of mammary growth
4th class- Lactogenesis and galctogenesis
5th class- Biosynthesis of milk constituents- secretion of milk, and metabolism, prolactin and
lactation cycle.
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GROWTH
1st class- Biochemical and genetic determinants of growth, regulation of growth, metabolic and
hormone interactions
2nd class- Factors affecting efficiency of growth and production in ruminants and single
stomach animals.
3rd class- Growth in meat producing animals and birds, growth curves.
4th class- Recombinant gene transfer technologies for growth manipulation - advantages and
limitations.
5th class - Protein deposition in animals and poultry.
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
1st class- Heat balance, heat tolerance, hypothermia, hyperthermia,
2nd class- Thermo-regulation in farm animals, role of skin, responses of animals to heat and cold
3rd class- Fever, body temperature and hibernation.
4th class- Temperature regulation in birds.
5th class- Climatology- various parameters and their importance.
6th class- Effect of different environmental variables like temperature,
7th class- Humidity, light, radiation, altitude on animal performance.
8th class- Acclimation, acclimatization - general adaptive syndrome.
9th class- Clinical aspects of endocrine - reproductive functions, circadian rhythm.
10th class- Neurophysiology of behaviours, types of behaviour, communication
11th class- Learning and memory behavioural plasticity.
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COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS
UNIT-1 (BLOOD, CARDIOVASCULAR, MUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS)
1st class- Collection of blood, separation of serum and plasma, Preservation of blood.
2nd class- Bleeding time and clotting time.
3rd class- Enumeration of Erythrocyte.
4th class- Enumeration of Leucocyte.
5th class- Differential Leucocytic Count. Platelet count.
6th class- Estimation of Hemoglobin.
7th class- Determination of Packed Cell Volume, Determination of Erythrocyte sedimentation
rate.
8th class- Blood grouping.
9th class- Measurement of arterial blood pressure.
10th class- Recording of ECG
11th class- Erythrocyte fragility and viscosity.
12th class- Recording of cardiogram of frog heart- Study the effect of heat and cold on heart —
effect of vagus stimuli on heart, vagal escape — factors affecting blood flow through
blood vessels
UNIT-2 (RESPIRATION AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS)
1st class- Counting of rumen motility.
2nd class- Estimation of volatile fatty acids and ammonia in rumen.
3rd class- Bacterial and protozoa count.
4th class- In-vitro action of proteolytic enzymes — pepsin and trypsin.
5th class- Experimental physiology: Pithing of frog, preparation of nerve muscle.
6th class- Recording of twitch response, effect of single stimulus.
7th class- effect of heat and cold.
8th class- Fatigue - summation, tetanus.
9th class- Recording of respiration, spirometry. Recording of volume and capacities in different
physiological states
10th class- Determination of vital capacities. Recording of rumen/intestinal movements
(Demonstration)
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UNIT-3 (EXCRETORY AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS)
1st class- Urine analysis-physiological constituents, pathological determinates
2nd class- Determination of Glomerular Filteration Rate
3rd class- Titerable acidity
4th class- Determination of inorganic phosphorus
5th class- Urine ammonia nitrogen and creatinine in urine
6th class- Recording of rumeno-intestinal movements (Demonstration)
7th class- Bioassay for tropic hormone
8th class- Demonstration of hormone estimation
UNIT-4 (REPRODUCTION, LACTATION, GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PHYSIOLOGY)
1st class - Oestrus and phases of oestrous cycle in animals (vaginal mucus)
2nd class - Behavioural signs of oestrus
3rd class - Sperm motility
4th class - Sperm concentration
5th class - Live and dead
6th class - Abnormal sperm count
7th class - Measurement of growth in various species
8th class - Measuring surface area of animals
9th class - Health parameters of animals- body temperature, pulse, respiration and heart rate
10th class - Measurement of animal environmental conditions
11th class- Behaviour of animals - mating behavior, feeding behaviour (live or video
graphicorcomputer simulated demonstration)
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