The New Deal Trouble for The New Deal Radical Reactions to the New Deal
•  Believed the New Deal did not go far enough in
reforming the economy
•  Wanted a complete overhaul of capitalism
•  Huey P. Long, Father Charles Coughlin, Dr. Francis
Townsend
Conservative Reactions to the New Deal
•  Attacked the New Deal as a radical break with
traditional American ideals
•  Thought the New Deal would drive the country to
destruction.
•  American Liberty League
Leading Cri5cs of The New Deal • 
Huey P. Long (senator from Louisiana) –  Believed Roosevelt’s policies were too friendly to banks and businessmen (started the Share Our Wealth Society) • 
Father Charles Coughlin (the “radio priest”) –  Believed Roosevelt was not doing enough to curb the power of bankers and financial leaders • 
Dr. Francis Townsend –  Cri5cized the New Deal for not doing enough for older Americans (wanted pensions for people over 60) • 
The American Liberty League –  Believed that the New Deal went too far and was an5-­‐business • 
Opposi?on from the courts –  Cri5cs of the New Deal feared that it gave the president too much power over other branches of government. –  Schechter Poultry Corpora0on v. United States –  United States v. Butler Court Packing Plan Roosevelt’s Plan •  Gave the president power to appoint many new judges and expand the Supreme Court by up to six judges (add one for every current jus5ce over 70.5) •  Roosevelt argued that changes were needed to make the courts more efficient. (Couldn’t keep up with the case load) •  Most observers saw plan as effort to “pack” the court with friendly jus5ces. The Result •  Plan did not pass; however, the Supreme Courtmade some rulings that favored New Deal legisla5on. •  Supreme Court upheld a minimum wage law in Washington state. •  Court ruled in favor of a key element of the Wagner Act. •  Court declared Social Security plan to be cons5tu5onal. Eleanor Roosevelt "I could not, at any age, really be contented to take my place in a warm corner by the fireside and simply look on" •  Eleanor Roosevelt
was a powerful
political force in her
own right, and she
helped to change to
role of the First
Lady.
•  Franklin and
Eleanor’s marriage
played a central role
in Franklin
Roosevelt’s political
success.
Eleanor Roosevelt •  “Eyes and ears” of her husband •  Directed efforts to solve several major social issues (ex. lynching of African Americans) •  Wrote her own newspaper column •  Had the trust and affec5on of many Americans The Role of Women Women •  Roosevelt promoted and recognized women. •  Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor – was the first woman to head an execu5ve office. •  Ruth Bryan Owen served as minister to Denmark. •  Roosevelt appointed women to such posts as director of the U.S. Mint and assistant secretary of the Treasury. •  Women served as leaders in several New Deal agencies. •  S5ll, women faced challenges and discrimina5on. –  Lower wages –  Less opportuni5es –  Hos5lity in the workplace The Impact of The New Deal •  The New Deal promised relief, recovery, and reform. –  Relief programs put billions of dollars into the pockets of poor Americans. –  The New Deal was less successful in delivering economic recovery. –  New Deal reforms were successful and long-­‐las5ng. •  The New Deal changed the link between the American people and their government. –  Roosevelt believed that government could help businesses and individuals achieve a greater level of economic security. –  The New Deal required a much bigger government. –  Americans now began to look regularly to government for help. The Impact of The New Deal •  Relief
•  Millions of Americans enjoyed some form of help.
•  Direct relief or jobs that provided a steady paycheck
•  Programs such as Social Security and unemployment insurance became a fixture
of government
•  Recovery
• 
• 
• 
• 
Not as successful at economic recovery
Unemployment remained high.
Some critics argued that Roosevelt needed the support of big business.
Other critics said that the New Deal didn’t spend enough money.
•  Reform
• 
• 
• 
• 
More successful and long-lasting
FDIC restored public confidence in the nation’s banks.
SEC restored public confidence in stock markets.
New Deal left thousands of roadways, bridges, dams, public buildings, and works
of art.
Limits of The New Deal •  Relief programs gave aid to millions of people,
but they were not meant to be a permanent
solution to joblessness. Also, they did not
provide jobs to everyone who needed one.
•  The level of government assistance varied by
state. For example, a family needing
assistance in Massachusetts might receive $60
per month, while a family in Arkansas might
get $8.
•  New Deal programs permitted discrimination
against African Americans, Hispanic Americans,
women, and others.
CCC • 
What did the CCC accomplish? FDR's "Tree Army", as they were affec5onately called, The CCC planted more than 3,000,000,000 (yes, that is THREE BILLION) trees, and built 3,470 fire towers and 97,000 miles of fire roads. The CCC enrollees spent more than 4,235,000 man-­‐days devoted to figh5ng fires. There were 7,153,000 enrollee man-­‐days expended on other related conserva5on ac5vi5es. These included protec5on of range, protec5ng the natural habitats of wildlife, stream improvement, restocking of fish ,and building small dams for water conserva5on. Eighty-­‐three camps in 15 western states were assigned 45 projects of this nature. There were 84,400,000 acres of good agricultural land dependent on man-­‐made drainage systems, an area equal to the combined states of Ohio, Indiana and Iowa. Forty-­‐six camps were assigned to this work under the direc5on of the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture Engineering. Indian enrollees did much of this work. The CCC contributed 1,240,000 man-­‐days of emergency work in floods of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. as well as helping during the floods of Vermont and New York in 1937 and the New England hurricane of 1938. During blizzards of 1936-­‐37 in Utah, 1,000,000 sheep were stranded and in danger of starva5on. CCC enrollees braved the drims and saved the flocks. • 
Violene, David. "75th Anniversary of the Civilian Conserva5on Corps (CCC)." Travels with David and Elaine Viole=e. David Viole=e, 2008. Web. 13 Dec. 2010. <h=p://www.viole=e.com/rss-­‐
n.aspx?rcd=527>. New Deal New Hampshire •  Cardigan Reserva?on Alexandria, N.H. Cardigan Reserva?on turned 75 last year, and it’s been a prime backcountry ski hub from the start. AMC purchased an ini?al 500 acres in 1934 and, with the help of the CCC, developed a network of trails over the next few years. For a moderate 4-­‐mile loop, take the Lower Manning Trail from AMC's Cardigan Lodge and connect to the 93Z Ski Trail. To complete the loop, connect to Duke's Trail (which the CCC completed in the mid-­‐1930s), and the Manning Trail will return you to the lodge. Distance: 4 miles Info: Backcountry Skiing Adventures: Maine and New Hampshire (AMC Books) •  Appalachian Mountain Club. Ski in History's tracks. Appalachian Mountain Club, 2010. Web. 13 Dec. 2010 •  New Hampshire Art •  CCC New Hampshire •  New Hampshire Post Offices •  Holt, Rinehardt and Winston. "Chapter 22 The New Deal." N.d. PPT file