NYS Assessment Archive
Felix Festa Social Studies Department
Part One
(Seventh Grade: Social Sciences-Civil War)
(2008-09 Edition)
0
Table of Contents
Unit
Page Number
One (Social Sciences and Early American Culture )……………………………………...2
Two (European Exploration and Colonization)………………………………………….12
Three (The American Revolution)………………………………………………………23
Four (The Constitution)……………………………………………………………........32
Five (The Federalist Era)………………………………………………………………...41
Six (The Jeffersonian Era)………………………………………………………………43
Seven (Industrial Growth and Westward Expansion)…………………………………...45
Eight (The Age of Jackson)……………………………………………………………..49
Nine (The Early Reform Movement)……………………………………………………50
Ten (The Civil War)…………………………………………………………………….51
1
Unit One: Social Sciences and Early American Culture
Multiple Choice
1. From west to east, the major geographic features of the United States are the
A) Rocky Mountains → Great Plains → Mississippi River → Appalachian Mountains
B) Great Plains → Mississippi River → Rocky Mountains → Appalachian Mountains
C) Rocky Mountains → Great Plains → Appalachian Mountains → Mississippi River
D) Mississippi River → Appalachian Mountains → Great Plains → Rocky Mountains
2. Land surrounded on three sides by water is called
A) a peninsula
B) an island
C) a strait
D) an isthmus
3. Mountains, hills, plains, and plateaus are examples of
A) landforms
B) mineral resources
C) vegetation
D) political barriers
4. Which phrase most accurately defines the term culture?
A) the artifacts left by ancient peoples
B) the interaction of plants and animals within a natural environment
C) a way of life shared by members of a society
D) a firsthand account of an event
5. The study of economics focuses on
A) production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
B) Earth and its relationship to our environment
C) different types of governments and how they operate
D) past cultures of different peoples
6. According to the law of supply and demand, farmers will obtain the highest price for
their products when
A) both supply and demand are high
B) both supply and demand are low
C) supply is high and demand is low
D) supply is low and demand is high
7. According to the law of supply and demand, a high supply with a low demand results
in
A) lower tariffs
B) lower prices
C) higher taxes
D) higher interest rates
2
8. A feature that is unique to a free-enterprise economic system is
A) government ownership of most companies
B) strict government regulation of business
C) private ownership of the means of production
D) wages and prices set by the government
9. What is the primary method archaeologists use to study history?
A) reading diaries of a given group
B) examining artifacts of a specific people
C) observing people in their natural environment
D) practicing local customs of people
10. With which field of study are the terms artifact, carbon dating, and dig site
associated?
A) archeology
B) civics
C) economics
D) sociology
Base your answers to questions 11 and 12 on the diagram below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
11. At which level of the dig would an archaeologist expect to find the most recent
objects?
A) Level 1
B) Level 2
C) Level 3
D) Level 4
12. The people who left behind the objects found at Level 3 were most likely
A) successful farmers
B) primitive hunters
C) part of an industrial society
D) dependent on trade
3
13. Which source of information is an example of a primary source?
A) encyclopedia
B) thesaurus
C) dictionary
D) journal entry
14. Which document is considered a primary source?
A) a textbook account of the American Revolution
B) a personal diary kept by a person who works in a sweatshop
C) an encyclopedia article about the Reconstruction Period
D) a biography of the life of John D. Rockefeller
15. Which is a primary source for evidence that Columbus sailed to find a new route to
the Indies in 1492?
A) a television show about the explorations of Columbus
B) a letter from the current ambassador from Spain describing the voyage
C) a painting showing Columbus landing in the New World
D) a diary entry written by a crew member aboard Columbus’ ship
16. Which document is a primary source concerning the American Revolution?
A) a videotape showing a reenactment of a battle
B) a journal of the events written by a Continental soldier
C) a social studies textbook
D) a published article written by a history teacher
17. The most widely accepted theory of the earliest human migration to the Americas is
that people
A) crossed the polar ice cap from Norway to northern Canada
B) walked across a land bridge from Asia to Alaska
C) used seagoing vessels to sail from Africa to Central America
D) traveled in rafts and small boats from Pacific islands to South America
18. One way in which the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas were similar is that they
A) traveled to the Western Hemisphere from Africa
B) had developed advanced civilizations before the arrival of Columbus
C) settled in the desert of the southwestern United States
D) left no evidence to help us understand their cultures
19. Where were the Maya and Aztec empires located?
A) Canada
B) Central America
C) Southeastern United States
D) Southwestern Europe
4
Base your answer to question 20 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
20. According to this diagram, which feature was a characteristic of both the Maya and
Aztec civilizations?
A) creation of floating gardens
B) use of the number zero
C) improvement of fishing methods
D) creation of a writing system
21. The longhouse was a type of dwelling used by the
A) Seminoles
B) Iroquois (Haudenosaunee)
C) Nez Perce
D) Pueblos
22. Which statement provides evidence that Native American Indians adapted to their
environment?
A) The Pueblos developed an irrigation system for farming.
B) The many tribes of the Great Plains spoke different languages.
C) The Maya made great advances in mathematics.
D) The Delaware used oral tradition to retell their history.
23. Which source would provide an archaeologist with a primary source of information
about pre-Columbian Indians who settled in New York?
A) an article about the Iroquois in an encyclopedia
B) an interview with a historian who specializes in early American cultures
C) artifacts left by the Iroquois
D) a social studies textbook
5
Base your answer to question 24 on the picture below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
24. The Native American Indians who are shown in this picture lived in which region of
North America?
A) southwestern deserts
B) eastern woodlands
C) Great Plains
D) Gulf Coast
25. One reason why groups of Native American Indians often developed different
cultures was that each group
A) came to America from other parts of the world
B) adapted to its environment in a different way
C) had to follow written traditions
D) wanted to be distinct from other groups
26. Many different native cultures developed in North America primarily because
A) Native American Indians worshiped many gods
B) Native American Indian groups did not trade with each other
C) hunting for food was an important activity
D) a variety of environmental conditions existed throughout this region
27. Which adaptation to the environment is illustrated by the Iroquois use of the
longhouse?
A) buffalo for clothing and shelter
B) horses for transportation
C) trees as building materials
D) iron for tools and weapons
6
Base your answers to questions 28 and 29 on the quotation below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
“My children, listen well. Remember that you are brothers, that the downfall of one
means the downfall of all. You must have one fire, one pipe, one war club.”
— from Hiawatha the Unifier
28. What is the speaker recommending to his people?
A) increased cooperation
B) economic competition
C) conservation of resources
D) cultural exchange
29. Which political structure was formed as a result of the ideas expressed in this
speech?
A) American Indian Movement
B) Bureau of Indian Affairs
C) Indian Reservation System
D) League of Five Nations
Base your answers to questions 30 and 31 on the passage below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
The Confederation was led by the Grand Council. It consisted of 50 sachems, or chiefs,
from each nation’s tribal council. Each of the five nations ran its own affairs
independently. However, the Grand Council made decisions that affected the
Confederation as a whole. The Grand Council was responsible for maintaining peace
among the members. It also handled political and military matters such as
forging treaties with other Indian nations and declaring war.
30. Which group of Native American Indians formed the Confederation discussed in this
passage?
A) Algonquian
B) Navajo
C) Seminole
D) Iroquois
31. Which democratic idea is reflected in the passage?
A) representative government
B) judicial review
C) universal suffrage
D) checks and balances
32. An important accomplishment of the Iroquois Confederacy was the
A) establishment of a political union of member nations
B) adoption of a two-house legislature
C) selection of a women to be Chief
D) development of a trading partnership with the Algonquins
7
Base your answer to question 33 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
33. Which conclusion about these Native American Indians is most clearly supported by
the chart?
A) Geographic factors helped shape native lifestyles.
B) Most native peoples were nomadic.
C) Native cultures were all very similar.
D) Native peoples in warmer climates were more advanced than those in colder climates.
Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the picture below and your knowledge of
social studies.
34. Which social scientist would most likely study the artifacts from these ruins?
A) archaeologist
B) geographer
C) economist
D) psychologist
8
35. This picture of a Maya ruin is evidence that the Maya people had
A) copied the architecture of the Iroquois
B) constructed wooden public buildings
C) developed terrace farming
D) established an advanced civilization
36. One widely accepted theory suggests that the ancestors of Native American Indians
migrated to the Americas from Asia by crossing the
A) Appalachian mountain range
B) Bering Strait land bridge
C) Atlantic Ocean
D) Great Plains
Base your answer to question 37 on the map below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
37. This map illustrates the
A) Columbian exchange of plants and animals
B) movement of early peoples from Asia
C) settlement of Europeans in the Americas
D) extent of the Maya Empire
38. Inuits wore clothing made of seal and caribou skins. Pueblos wore clothing made of
woven cotton. Algonquins wore clothing made of deerskin. These differences in clothing
were most likely the result of
A) traditional religious practices
B) available natural resources
C) family kinship requirements
D) competing customs in fashion
9
Base your answers to questions 39 and 40 on the illustration below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
39. The arrangement of this Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) village shows that
A) the League of Five Nations had been established
B) cooperation with nearby tribes was necessary
C) protection from enemies was important
D) farming was carried out by slaves
40. This illustration suggests that the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) people were
A) nomadic
B) a patriarchal society
C) organized for living in groups
D) dependent only on hunting as a food source
10
Constructed Response
Directions: Write your answers to the questions that follow in the spaces provided in this
test booklet.
Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the map below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
1 According to the theory on which this map is based, from which continent did hunters
migrate to North America? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
2 According to this map, which geographic feature probably allowed the hunters to
migrate? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
3 State one reason hunters migrated further south rather than settling in the northernmost
part of North America. [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
Unit Two: European Exploration and Colonization
Multiple Choice
1. What was one result of the Columbian Exchange (the Encounter)?
A) Native American Indian populations continued to increase.
B) The African slave trade ended.
C) Diseases were spread to native populations.
D) Spain’s empire in the New World declined.
2. Which development led to the other three?
A) Native American Indian populations were destroyed by disease.
B) New types of foods were shared by Europeans and Americans.
C) European nations sent explorers to the Americas.
D) Africans were brought to the Americas as slaves.
3. What was the major cause of death among Native American Indians after contact with
Spanish explorers?
A) relocation
B) disease
C) slavery
D) starvation
4. Which development led to the other three?
A) Columbus landing in Hispañola
B) founding of the Jamestown colony
C) thousands of Native American Indians dying from new diseases
D) Europeans using both tobacco and potatoes
5. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?
I. ____________________________________
A. Europeans establish colonies in North America.
B. Millions of Native American Indians die from diseases.
C. Enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas.
D. Foods from the Americas are introduced in Europe.
A) Causes of English Colonization
B) Effects of the Exploration of the Americas
C) Cultural Contributions of Native American Indians
D) Discovery of the Northwest Passage
6. Early European explorers who came to the New World were looking for a northwest
passage in order to
A) prove the world was round
B) improve trade with Native American Indians
C) explore the Great Lakes
D) find a shorter route to Asia
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7. Along which river were most of the settlements in New France located?
A) Mohawk
B) St. Lawrence
C) Hudson
D) Missouri
8. What were the most profitable ways of making a living in New France?
A) fishing and fur trading
B) mining for gold and silver
C) commercial farming of tobacco and rice
D) milling and manufacturing
9. Which group controlled the colony that was surrendered to England in 1664 by
Governor Peter Stuyvesant?
A) French
B) Spanish
C) Dutch
D) Swedish
10. In which region of the United States was the first permanent English settlement
located?
A) Pacific Northwest
B) Atlantic Coast
C) Great Plains
D) Great Lakes
11. The creation of the Virginia House of Burgesses was an important step in the
development of democracy in colonial America because it
A) adopted a bill of rights for women
B) allowed citizens to vote directly on proposed laws
C) provided the first written constitution
D) established a representative form of government
12. What was the main purpose of the Mayflower Compact?
A) to establish freedom of religion in the colony
B) to ensure obedience to the king of England
C) to provide a new chance for debtors and criminals
D) to create a government that would benefit the colony
13. The main reason most of the early settlers came to the colonies of Maryland,
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island was to
A) seek religious freedom
B) purchase inexpensive farmland
C) profit from the fur trade
D) obtain better jobs
13
14. What was the major reason the original settlers of Plymouth Colony, Maryland, and
Pennsylvania came to America?
A) to secure freedom from religious persecution
B) to search for gold and silver
C) to convert Native American Indians to Christianity
D) to bring spices to the New World
Base your answers to questions 15 through17 on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
15. Which part of the thirteen colonies is represented by cluster A?
A) frontier region
B) middle colonies
C) New England colonies
D) southern colonies
16. What were the chief exports produced by colonists in cluster C?
A) whale oil and silver
B) textiles and tea
C) potatoes and fish
D) tobacco and rice
17. The differences between the three clusters shown in the diagram were mainly due to
A) geographic conditions
B) political beliefs
C) relations with England
D) religious practices
14
Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on the map below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
18. Lumber, dried fish, and rum were mainly products of the
A) New England states
B) middle Atlantic states
C) southern states
D) Northwest Territory
19. The main reason for the variety of products in the different regions of the country was
the differences in
A) family structure and education
B) geography and climate
C) political and social systems
D) national origins and cultures
20. The belief that colonies exist to benefit the economy of the mother country is known
as
A) triangular trade
B) mercantilism
C) free trade
D) nativism
15
Base your answer to question 21 on the map below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
21. The information on this map suggests that early colonists
A) were unable to achieve political unity
B) located towns and villages within a few miles of each other
C) built their settlements near bodies of water
D) encountered difficulties with Native American
22. The need for agricultural workers in the early southern colonies led to the
A) formation of labor unions
B) decision to industrialize
C) improvement in farming
D) use of enslaved persons from Africa
23. Why did most colonial farmers settle near oceans or coastal waterways?
A) Fewer Native American Indians lived there.
B) Local governments paid farmers to do so.
C) There were fewer problems with removal of trees and rocks.
D) Transportation of products was easier.
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24. Which geographic feature of the Atlantic coastline contributed most to the growth of
colonial trade?
A) many offshore islands
B) high, rocky cliffs
C) natural harbors
D) barrier reefs
25. The slogan “molasses to rum to slaves” is associated with the
A) Mayflower Compact
B) temperance movement
C) government regulation of big business
D) triangular trade
26. The main purpose of the Navigation Acts passed by England was to
A) limit the size of ships in English waters
B) ensure that England benefited from colonial trade
C) train sailors for the British navy
D) limit manufacturing in colonial America
Base your answer to question 27on the illustration below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
27. A conclusion best supported by this illustration is that the Columbian Exchange
A) increased the isolation between Europe and the Americas
B) ended the slave trade in the Eastern Hemisphere
C) led to the spread of disease to the natives of the Americas
D) resulted in a decrease in trade between North America and Europe
17
28. Which group of Europeans first settled the Hudson River valley and established the
patroon system of landownership?
A) British
B) French
C) Dutch
D) Spanish
29. The Quakers of Pennsylvania believed in religious toleration. This meant that they
(1) supported government control of religion
(2) required children to attend religious schools
(3) refused to join either side in a war
(4) allowed others to practice their own religion
30. • Cruel treatment
• Poor sanitary conditions
• Starvation and disease
• Overcrowding and imprisonment
Which group experienced these conditions?
A) Pilgrims on the Mayflower
B) passengers on the Underground Railroad
C) enslaved Africans during the Middle Passage
D) Native American Indians traveling with French fur traders
31. New England town meetings and the Virginia House of Burgesses were colonial
efforts to
A) practice self-government
B) form a union of all the colonies
C) raise colonial militias
D) encourage colonial trade
32.Which event in colonial history is most closely associated with freedom of the press?
A) Salem witch trials
B) Boston Tea Party
C) formation of the Sons of Liberty
D) John Peter Zenger case
18
Base your answer to question 33 on the graph below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
33. Which conclusion is most clearly supported by the information on the graph?
A) The colonial population showed the greatest rate of increase during the 1600s.
B) The colonial population showed continual growth from 1620 to 1780.
C) The French and Indian War (1754–1763) caused the colonial population to decrease.
D) By the start of the Revolutionary War in 1775, the colonial population had reached
threemillion.
19
Constructed Response
Write your answers to the questions that follow in the spaces provided in this test booklet.
Use black or dark-blue ink to write your answers.
Directions: Base your answers to questions 1 through 4 on the drawing below and on
your knowledge of social studies.
1. Name two industries shown on the map. [2]
________________________________________________________________________
2. What was the purpose of the stocks? [1]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Why was the mill located on the river ? [1]
________________________________________________________________________
4. Based on the information presented in the drawing, describe one way New England
villagers were dependent on one another. [1]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Directions: Base your answers to questions 5 through 7 on the drawing below and on
your knowledge of social studies.
5. What information in the illustration suggests that the plantation was self-sufficient?[1]
________________________________________________________________________
6. Why was a location on a waterway important to the economic success of the
plantation? [1]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. Plantation owners argued that large numbers of laborers were needed to carry out the
work on the plantations. State two ways that labor would have been used on this
plantation.
(1)_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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8. Identify one export from the British colonies to Great Britain during the 1700s.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9. What is one characteristic of British mercantilism?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10. Which war resulted from objections in the original thirteen colonies to British
mercantilism?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
22
Unit 3: The American Revolution
Multiple Choice
1. Which statement most accurately expresses the main idea of this illustration from the
1750s?
A) Colonies that do not unite are not loyal.
B) Colonies cannot survive unless they are united.
C) Each colony should maintain its independence.
D) Any colony that does not unite will be attacked.
Base your answer to question 2 on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
2. Which document is most closely associated with this cartoon drawn in 1754?
A) Mayflower Compact
B) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
C) Albany Plan of Union
D) Emancipation Proclamation
23
3. What was a result of the French and Indian War that led directly to the American
Revolution?
A) The British lost most of their colonies in the Americas.
B) French colonies expanded west of the Appalachians.
C) Native American Indians were given lands west of the Appalachians.
D) England decided to make the American colonists help pay war debts.
4. Which statement identifies an outcome of the Treaty of Paris (1763) that ended the
French and Indian War?
A) Canada became a colony of Spain.
B) The Dutch gave up New Netherland to England.
C) France lost most of its colonies in North America.
D) Americans won their independence from the British.
5. The major reason the British government issued the Proclamation of 1763, which
banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, was to
A) avoid conflicts with Native American Indians
B) reduce casualties during the French and Indian War
C) maintain markets for British manufactured goods
D) promote easy collection of new taxes
Base your answer to question 6 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
6. Which conclusion is most clearly supported by information in the chart?
A) Most females exercised their right to vote.
B) Voters in every colony chose their own governor.
C) Most colonies had a one-house legislature.
D) Some form of democracy was present in all the British colonies.
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7. In colonial America, an aim of British mercantile policy was to force American
merchants to
A) sell more raw materials to countries other than England
B) provide raw materials to England only
C) compete with England for overseas markets
D) produce all their own manufactured goods
8. “Many of the [colonial] storekeepers couldn’t give away any of the British goods on
the stores’ shelves. It was as if the colonists had agreed to not buy any English products.”
Which economic idea is described in this passage?
A) boycott
B) tariff
C) duty
D) strike
Base your answers to question 9 and 10 on the chart below and your knowledge of social
studies.
9. Which conclusion is best supported by the chart?
A) The Stamp Act led to widespread smuggling.
B) Colonists raised revenue by imposing new taxes.
C) British policies were opposed by many colonists.
D) The colonists reacted to British laws in a nonviolent way.
10. The series of events shown in the chart led directly to the
A) start of the French and Indian War
B) outbreak of the American Revolution
C) formation of a colonial alliance with Prussia
D) rejection of the Albany Plan of Union
25
Base your answer to questions 8 and 9 on the chart below and your knowledge of social
studies.
11. The main goal of most of the policies shown in the illustration was to
A) allow American colonists greater self government
B) enable Great Britain to raise revenues and control trade
C) encourage immigration to the colonies
D) encourage Americans to trade with other European countries
12. The policies shown in the illustration led to the
A) outbreak of the French and Indian War
B) expansion of British trade with the thirteen colonies
C) start of the American Revolution
D) passage of the Northwest Ordinance
13. Which document is a primary source concerning the American Revolution?
A) a videotape showing a reenactment of a battle
B) a journal of the events written by a Continental soldier
C) a social studies textbook
D) a published article written by a history teacher
26
Base your answer to question 14 on the speakers’ statements below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
Speaker A: “I would have hanged my brother if he took part with our enemy in this
country,” said patriot Sam Adams.
Speaker B: Bodies were then piled in the carts and hauled through the streets. The
loyalists laughed and hooted as they saw these carts go by. “There goes another load of
rebels,” they would say.
14. Based on these statements, which conclusion can best be drawn about the colonists’
support for independence from England?
A) Patriots received better treatment than loyalists received.
B) Patriots and loyalists both wanted to end British rule of the colonies.
C) All American colonists favored independence from England.
D) The issue of independence from England caused sharp differences among the
American colonists.
Base your answer to question 15 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
15. Which two groups in American history are being described in columns A and B?
A) Puritans and Pilgrims
B) British and French
C) Loyalists and Patriots
D) Federalists and Antifederalists
16. Colonial boycotts of British goods before the Revolutionary War were effective
measures because they
A) reduced the profits of British merchants
B) lowered the prices of imported products
C) left British troops short of supplies in the colonies
D) allowed the Americans to start their own factories
27
17. In the American colonies, boycotts were an effective way of protesting British
policies mainly because the boycotts
A) ended trade within the colonies
B) forced Britain to remove most troops
C) kept out products from other European nations
D) caused economic hardships for British merchants
18. A basic idea stated by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence is that
A) the power to govern a nation comes from the people
B) people should always follow their government
C) America must have a constitutional convention
D) slavery must end in America
19. The Albany Plan of Union called for
A) equal voting rights for all citizens
B) a declaration of war on England
C) a joint colonial council for defense
D) separation from England
20. Many American colonists believed that British tax laws were unfair because
A) colonists lacked representation in Parliament
B) the British treasury had a surplus of funds
C) Native American Indians were exempt from British tax laws
D) taxes were higher in the colonies than in England
21. What was the primary purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
A) to persuade England to end slavery in America
B) to list reasons the colonies should be free from England
C) to provide a plan for financing the American Revolution
D) to convince the king to grant colonists more land
22. What was one purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
A) to establish a framework for government
B) to state the reasons for the colonies to separate from England
C) to express reasons for limiting immigration
D) to list arguments for women’s suffrage
23. Which statement represents one of the main ideas in the Declaration of
Independence?
A) The United States needs a strong central government.
B) The power of the president must be limited by the legislative and judicial branches.
C) People have a right to rebel against an unjust government.
D) Americans cannot afford to pay high British
24. Who wrote most of the Declaration of Independence?
A) John Adams
B) Patrick Henry
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) Thomas Jefferson
28
25. Where was the first battle of the American Revolution fought?
A) Valley Forge
B) Saratoga
C) Lexington
D) Yorktown
26. What does this map of the American Revolution illustrate?
A) George Washington’s plan to evacuate New York City
B) colonial attempts to conquer Canada
C) British strategy to capture New York and divide the colonies
D) importance of the French Navy to the colonial cause
27. The slogan “No taxation without representation” referred to taxes enacted by
A) colonial legislators
B) town meetings
C) the English Parliament
D) the First Continental Congress
28. During the Revolutionary War, the most common way American women helped the
Patriot cause was by
A) acting as spies
B) serving in the military
C) managing farms
D) taking their children to Canada
29. Which set of events is in the correct chronological order?
A) Boston Tea Party → Declaration of Independence → French and Indian War
B) French and Indian War → Boston Tea Party → Declaration of Independence
C) Declaration of Independence → French and Indian War → Boston Tea Party
D) French and Indian War → Declaration of Independence → Boston Tea Party
29
30. Which statement expresses an opinion about the causes of the Revolutionary War?
A) Colonists participated in triangular trade.
B) The Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770.
C) Samuel Adams founded the Sons of Liberty.
D) The Quartering Act was a serious violation of the colonists’ liberties.
31. What was the major effect of the Stamp Act (1765) on colonial trade?
A) The British refused to sell certain products to the colonists.
B) The law led to a decline in the value of colonial currency.
C) The colonists no longer needed British goods.
D) Many colonists boycotted British goods.
32. Which statement is most consistent with the views of Loyalists in the 1770s?
A) The colonists should be grateful to be under British rule and protection.
B) Taxation without representation is tyranny.
C) Citizens, under British rule, have the right to declare independence.
D) The king is violating the rights of British citizens.
33.
• Statement of grievances committed by Britain
• Statement of the natural rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
• Establishment of the United States of America
Which document is associated with these actions?
A) Albany Plan of Union
B) Declaration of Independence
C) Articles of Confederation
D) Constitution of the United States
30
Constructed Response
Write your answers to the questions that follow in the spaces provided in this test booklet.
Directions: Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the cartoon below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
1 Which conflict in United States history is referred to in this cartoon? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
2 Which group does the larger man in the cartoon represent? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
3 Which group does the man with the slingshot represent? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
31
Unit 4: The Constitution
Multiple Choice
1. Which type of document usually describes the basic structure, functions, and powers of
a government?
A) constitution
B) resolution
C) proclamation
D) treaty
2. A major argument against ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787 was
that it
A) gave too much power to state governments
B) was not based on compromises
C) did not contain a bill of rights
D) established a legislative branch of government
3. To win support for ratification of the United States Constitution, Federalists agreed to
A) give up western land claims
B) restrict the importation of slaves
C) add a bill of rights to the document
D) grant voting rights to all adult white males
4. The dispute over representation in Congress between large and small states was settled
in the United States Constitution by
A) adopting the Three-Fifths Compromise
B) establishing the reserved powers
C) creating a two-house legislature
D) forming the electoral college
5. Debates at the Constitutional Convention (1787) between delegates from states with
large populations and states with small populations were mainly resolved by
A) creating a two-house legislature
B) establishing federal control over interstate commerce
C) permitting states to count Native American Indians in their population
D) providing for an electoral college
6. The United States Constitution established a government based on the basic concepts
of separation of powers and checks and balances. The authors of the Constitution
included these two concepts because they
A) give most of the power to the executive branch
B) continue concepts from the Articles of Confederation
C) ensure that government branches would operate without disagreement
D) prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful
32
7. The elastic clause and the amending procedure in the United States Constitution have
often been used to
A) allow the government to adjust to changing times
B) give more power to the President
C) limit the role of minorities in government
D) limit democracy in the United States
8. The New York State Assembly is most similar to the
A) British Parliament
B) United States Senate
C) United States House of Representatives
D) Canadian House of Lords
9. The New York State Constitution, adopted in 1777, was important because it
A) inspired the writing of the Declaration of Independence
B) maintained British influence in the State
C) served as a model for the Constitution of the United States
D) gave all adult males the right to vote
10. Delegates at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 agreed to the Three-Fifths
Compromise as a way to
A) limit the power of the president
B) provide legal rights for women
C) settle differences over representation in Congress
D) establish term lengths for senators
11. The Constitution of the United States was considered an improvement over the
Articles of Confederation because the Constitution changed the
A) status of slavery
B) civil rights of minorities
C) number of Americans eligible to vote
D) balance of power between national and state governments
12. Which provision was included in the United States Constitution to allow it to adapt
to changing times?
A) separation of powers
B) an electoral college
C) a federal system
D) an amendment process
13. By which process can the United States Constitution be changed?
A) veto
B) resolution
C) amendment
D) legislative hearing
14. Which part of the federal government is most like the New York State Assembly?
A) cabinet
B) Supreme Court
C) House of Representatives
D) Treasury Department
33
Base your answer to question 15 on the information below and your knowledge of social
studies.
• Congress could not levy and collect taxes.
• Congress could not regulate interstate or foreign trade.
• There was no national court system to settle disputes.
• The thirteen separate states lacked national unity.
15. Which document is characterized by these statements?
A) Articles of Confederation
B) Federalist Papers
C) Northwest Ordinance
D) United States Constitution
16. The authors of the United States Constitution included a system of checks and
balances to
A) prevent any one branch of government from controlling the other branches
B) protect states against the power of the national government
C) guarantee respect for the freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights
D) safeguard the United States against foreign attacks
17. The system of checks and balances was included in the Constitution to
A) provide a method to change the document
B) allow voters a voice in the legislative process
C) ensure that one branch of government would not gain too much power
D) allow for trial by jury in all civil and criminal cases
18. Which part of the federal government is most directly affected by the results of the
federal census?
A) House of Representatives
B) Supreme Court
C) president’s cabinet
D) United States Senate
19. Supreme Court decisions based on First Amendment issues usually involve the
A) rights of individuals
B) control of big business
C) collection of taxes on income
D) corruption in government
Base your answer to question 20 on the information below and your knowledge of social
studies
“Great Compromise Approved by the Delegates”
“James Madison Shines As the Primary Author and Spokesman”
“Document Viewed To Be Incomplete Without a Bill of Rights”
20. These headlines address which major document in United States history?
A) Declaration of Independence
B) Mayflower Compact
C) Articles of Confederation
D) United States Constitution
34
Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the statements below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
Speaker A: “The president does not like the law Congress is voting on. He does not think
it is the right thing for the government to do.”
Speaker B: “If the president really wants to stop the law, he has the power to do so.”
Speaker C: “Even if the president does stop the law, Congress can still have its way if
two-thirds of the members are willing to vote for it.”
Speaker D: “Congress may get its way, but the president is confident that when the law is
heard by the Supreme Court, it will be declared unconstitutional.”
21. Which congressional power is referred to by Speaker C?
A) veto
B) judicial review
C) override
D) impeachment
22. Speaker D is referring to which constitutional principle?
A) veto
B) judicial review
C) override
D) impeachment
23. At the Constitutional Convention, the Great Compromise settled the dispute over
A) representation in Congress
B) the issue of slavery
C) the presidential veto power
D) judicial review
24. The Preamble of the United States Constitution says that the power to govern
originates with the
A) states
B) Supreme Court
C) president
D) people
25. During the struggle over ratification of the Constitution, Federalists and
Antifederalists disagreed mainly over the
A) wisdom of maintaining friendship with England
B) need for the continuation of slavery
C) election of George Washington as the first president
D) division of power between the national government and the states
26. Which statement illustrates the system of checks and balances at work?
A) The president sends American troops on a peacekeeping mission to Europe.
B) Congress passes a law regulating the sale of handguns.
C) The Senate refuses to approve the president’s choice for a Supreme Court justice.
D) The governor of New York discusses policy with the president.
35
Debate over Ratification of the United States Constitution
Speaker A: “Our liberty depends on guaranteed individual rights. Citizens with these
rights will be
able to make decisions for the good of the whole nation.”
Speaker B: “I admire your optimism; however, only a well-educated group of elected
officials
should be trusted to make decisions for the good of all.”
Speaker A: “We must not allow the rule of a few privileged officials to overpower the
will of average
citizens.”
Speaker B: “A strong central government, composed of elected officials, will be acting in
the best
interests of all citizens.”
Speaker A: “I fear you are ignoring the needs of the people. There must be a guarantee
that the
freedoms of citizens will not be trampled over by a strong national government.”
27. In this debate between Speaker A and Speaker B, Speaker A would most likely agree
that the leaders of the nation should
A) establish a monarchy
B) add a bill of rights to the Constitution
C) increase the power of the federal government
D) limit the right to vote to property owners
28. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 wrote a new constitution because
A) the Revolutionary War was over
B) the Articles of Confederation were about to expire
C) they wanted to increase the power of the states
D) they believed that a stronger central government was necessary
29. Many of the settlers of the original thirteen colonies had experienced religious
discrimination in Europe. This situation influenced the authors of the United States
Constitution to establish
A) separation of church and state
B) the right to bear arms
C) freedom to petition the government
D) freedom from cruel and unusual punishment
Base your answer to question 30 on the information below and your knowledge of social
studies
• The president appoints new members to the Supreme Court.
• The Senate must approve presidential appointments to the Supreme Court.
• The Supreme Court can declare laws made by Congress unconstitutional.
30. Which constitutional principle do these statements illustrate?
A) flexibility
B) federalism
C) checks and balances
D) federal supremacy
36
Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the chart below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
31. Which political principle is shown in this chart?
A) federalism
B) implied powers
C) separation of powers
D) unwritten constitution
32. Which conclusion about the system of government used in the United States is best
supported by the chart?
A) Voters elect the members of all three branches.
B) The president has the power to interpret the law.
C) The Supreme Court’s decisions about laws can be appealed.
D) Laws are affected by all three branches of government.
33. Which statement best illustrates the principle of federalism?
A) The president has the power to veto bills.
B) Congress is divided into two houses.
C) The Supreme Court has the power to review laws.
D) Power is divided between the states and the national government.
34. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, conflicts between states with large
populations and states with small populations resulted in the
creation of
A) the offices of president and vice president
B) the three branches of government
C) a federal court system
D) a bicameral (two-house) legislature
35. When census numbers show changes in a state’s total population, what is likely to be
affected in the state?
A) boundary lines
B) number of counties
C) representation in the United States House of Representatives
D) number of senators in the United States Senate
36. Some citizens held a public meeting to discuss concerns about their local government.
In taking this action, they exercised their right to
A) bear arms
B) a jury trial
C) freedom of assembly
D) an attorney
37
37. What is the first step in the impeachment process for removing a president from
office?
A) conducting a trial by the Supreme Court
B) holding a hearing before the full Senate
C) replacing the president with the vice president
D) bringing charges against the president by the House of Representatives
38. One similarity between the New York State Constitution and the United States
Constitution is that each contains a provision allowing for
A) a declaration of war
B) the taxation of citizens
C) an establishment of post offices
D) the coinage of money
38
Constructed Response
Directions: Write your answers to the questions that follow in the spaces provided in this
test booklet.
Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the excerpt below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
Selected Articles From the Articles of Confederation
Article I. “The Style of this Confederacy shall be ‘The United States of America.’”
Article II. “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and
every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation
expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.”
Article III. “The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship
with each other, for their common defense, the security of their
liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to
assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon
them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any
other pretense whatever. . . .”
1. According to Article I, what form of government in the United States was established
by these articles? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Identify two advantages states had under this form of government. [2]
(1)___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
(2)___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. State two reasons this form of government was replaced by the United States
Constitution. [2]
(1)___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
(2)___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
39
Directions: Write your answers to the questions that follow in the spaces provided in this
test booklet.
4. Which branch of the federal government includes the Supreme Court? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. What is one function of the legislative branch of government? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. Under the Constitution, what system is used to keep any one branch of the federal
government from gaining too much power? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
40
Unit 5: The Federalist Era
Multiple Choice
1. One major reason historians consider George Washington a great president is that he
A) created many important practices still used by the government
B) made the United States a world power
C) ended conflicts among the Native American Indians
D) extended voting rights to most free males throughout the United States
2. The case Marbury v. Madison was a landmark Supreme Court decision because it
A) established the power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional
B) increased the power of the Federalists in the legislative branch
C) resulted in an increase in the number of Supreme Court justices
D) reinforced the power of the president as commander in chief
3. The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v.Madison (1803) established the principle
of
A) judicial review
B) separation of powers
C) habeas corpus
D) nullification
41
Constructed Response
Write your answers to the questions that follow in the spaces provided in this test booklet.
Directions: Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the chart below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
Federalist
Political Parties in the 1790s
Democratic-Republican
Political
Beliefs
Favored government control by
wealthy and educated citizens
Favored a strong national
government
Favored the selection of
representatives by average citizens
Favored a limited national
government
Economic
Beliefs
Supported government aid to
business, finance, and trade
Favored a national bank
Supported protective tariffs
Supported no special favors to
business; preferred farming
Favored sound state banks
Supported duty-free imports
Foreign
Affairs
Favored British commercial ties
and feared the French
Favored Jay’s Treaty
Sympathized with the French
Revolution
Opposed Jay’s Treaty
Sources of
Strength
Strong in New England and
seacoast areas
Manufacturing interests, bankers,
and merchants
Strong in the south, southwest,
and frontier areas
Farmers, artisans, and skilled
workers
1. Give one example of how the Federalists planned to encourage economic growth. [1]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. State one fact from the chart to support the argument that the Democratic-Republican
Party encouraged more participation in government than the Federalist Party. [1]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do different groups form political parties? [1]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
42
Unit 6: The Jeffersonian Era
Multiple Choice
1. President Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark into the newly acquired Louisiana
Territory primarily to
A) explore and map the region
B) search for gold and other valuable mineral deposits
C) improve relations with Native American Indians
D) force British and Spanish settlers out of the territory
2. Which land acquisition added the most territory to the United States?
A) annexation of Texas
B) purchase of Florida
C) treaty for Oregon
D) Louisiana Purchase
3. The Louisiana Purchase was important to the growth of the United States because it
A) doubled the size of the country
B) gave the nation control of the Great Lakes
C) completed America’s westward expansion
D) brought California into the Union
4. A major reason President Thomas Jefferson supported buying the Louisiana Territory
was because the purchase
A) gave the United States ownership of Florida
B) allowed the United States to gain control of California
C) gave the United States control of the port of New Orleans
D) removed the Spanish from North America
43
Constructed Response
Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the map below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
1. What is the name of the area on the map that President Thomas Jefferson acquired for
the United States? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Identify one way the United States obtained land that had been claimed by Russia,
Britain, or Spain. [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Name one state bordering the Gulf of Mexico that was eventually formed from land
once owned by Spain. [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
44
Unit 7: Industrial Growth and Westward Expansion
Multiple Choice
1. In preindustrial New York State, yearly agricultural activities were organized mainly
around
A) major patriotic holidays
B) celebrations of peace and war
C) cycles of work and rest
D) periods determined by nature
Base your answer to question 2 on the information below.
“Annexation of Texas”
“Fifty-four Forty or Fight”
“All of Oregon or None!”
2. These slogans from the election of 1844 all support
A) law and order
B) sectionalism
C) Manifest Destiny
D) women’s suffrage
3. Before 1820, most factories and mills in the United States were powered by
A) oil
B) electricity
C) water
D) coal
4. In the 1820s, New York City was connected to the Great Lakes region by the
A) Pony Express
B) Louisiana Purchase
C) New York Central Railroad
D) Erie Canal
5. Eli Whitney and Samuel Slater were important to the early Industrial Revolution in the
United States because they
A) developed new methods of manufacturing
B) invented new forms of transportation
C) built machines powered by steam
D) improved techniques in the production of steel
6. During the late 1840s, thousands of people were attracted to California to
A) fight in the Mexican War
B) help build railroads
C) search for gold
D) obtain good farmland
45
7. Which conclusion is supported by the information on the graph?
A) Canals transport goods faster than railroads.
B) Building railroads is more expensive than building canals.
C) Railroad mileage increased faster than canal mileage.
D) Businesses preferred shipping goods by canal.
8. Which heading best completes the outline below?
I. ____________________________________
A. River trade expanded by steamboats
B. Turnpikes and the National Road built
C. Erie Canal opened
D. First transcontinental railroad completed
A) Advances in Transportation
B) North-South Cooperation
C) America’s Waterways
D) New Inventions
9. The idea of manifest destiny meant that
A) Native American Indians had an equal claim to the lands of the West
B) slavery should be allowed in the West
C) no more European colonies would be allowed in the Americas
D) the United States had the right to expand to the Pacific Ocean
10. During the 1840s, the idea of Manifest Destiny was used to
A) demand equal rights for African Americans
B) support westward expansion to the Pacific
C) criticize government treatment of Native American Indians
D) extend slavery into New England
11. Which event was a major cause of the War with Mexico (1846–1848)?
A) Missouri Compromise
B) discovery of gold in California
C) passage of the Northwest Ordinance
D) annexation of Texas
46
12. Which situation led directly to the War with Mexico (1846–1848)?
A) settlement of the Oregon Territory
B) annexation of Texas
C) discovery of gold in California
D) removal of Native American Indians from their lands
13. The cotton gin advanced the growth of the textile industry because it
A) reduced the time needed to plant cotton seeds
B) improved the process of weaving cotton cloth
C) made it possible for unskilled slaves to cultivate cotton
D) provided a faster method of separating seeds from cotton fiber
14. Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Walt Whitman are most closely
associated with American
A) political reform
B) labor unions
C) literature
D) populism
15. Many Americans justified westward expansion during the 1840s based on
A) a belief in Manifest Destiny
B) a need to preserve the natural environment
C) the authority of the Monroe Doctrine
D) the constitutional principles in the Bill of Rights
16. An increase in the number of factories in the mid-1800s led to
A) an increased dependence on products madein homes
B) an increase in urbanization
C) a decrease in levels of water and air pollution
D) a reduction in immigration from Europe
47
Constructed Response
Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the map below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
1. Which European nation controlled Florida in 1803? [1]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. How did the United States obtain the area that is shown on the map with a question
mark? [1]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. State two ways the land identified by the question mark benefited the United States.
(1) _____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)_____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
48
Unit 8: The Age of Jackson
Multiple Choice
1. Which action toward Native American Indians did the United States government take
between 1820 and 1840?
A) paying Native American Indians a fair price for their land
B) passing a law giving all Native American Indians United States citizenship
C) encouraging Native American Indians totake jobs in factories
D) removing Native American Indians from their tribal lands and placing them on
reservations
“South Carolina Must Pay Tariff”
“National Bank Vetoed”
“To the Victors, Go the Spoils”
2. These headlines are associated with the presidency of
A) Andrew Jackson
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Theodore Roosevelt
“The Cherokees are nearly all prisoners. They have been dragged from their homes and
encamped at the forts and military places, all over the nation. . . . The property of many
has been taken and sold before their eyes for almost nothing.”
3. This quotation from an eyewitness on the Trail of Tears describes events connected
with the
A) Battle of Little Big Horn
B) Dawes Act
C) Lewis and Clark Expedition
D) Indian Removal Act
4. The Trail of Tears resulted from President Andrew Jackson’s effort to
A) remove Native American Indians from all land east of the Mississippi River
B) teach Native American Indians the American lifestyle
C) return tribal lands to Native American Indians
D) allow native tribes self-rule within state boundaries
5. President Andrew Jackson defended the spoils system as a benefit to democracy
because it
A) created more political parties
B) granted the right to vote to more people
C) increased the power of the states
D) filled government jobs with common citizens
49
Unit 9: Early Reform Movement
Multiple Choice
1. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was called to focus attention on
A) women’s rights
B) slavery
C) public education
D) the abuse of alcohol
2. In the 1840s, Seneca Falls, New York became the center of the movement for
A) women’s rights
B) temperance reform
C) labor union organization
D) states’ rights
3. Which document was the first to specifically propose equal rights for American
women?
A) Declaration of Independence
B) Bill of Rights
C) Seneca Falls Declaration
D) Emancipation Proclamation
4. The Seneca Falls Convention, held in 1848, is a significant event in United States
history because it
A) supported the Missouri Compromise
B) was the first national labor union meeting
C) provided the United States with new western territory
D) was an important step in the women’s rights movement
5. A major goal of the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) was to
A) form a new political party
B) oppose the Mexican War
C) publicize the need for women’s rights
D) improve public education
50
Unit 10: Civil War
Multiple Choice
1. Which reference is a primary source document of the Civil War?
A) an encyclopedia article about the North’s advantages over the South
B) a biography of General Ulysses S. Grant
C) a battlefield map drawn by a soldier serving at the Battle of Gettysburg
D) a book on the effects of the Civil War on the South
Use the chart below and your knowledge of social studies to answer question 2.
2. At the beginning of the Civil War, the South had an advantage over the North
in
A) capital stock of banks
B) value of farmland
C) farm acreage
D) railway mileage
3. Which conclusion about the Civil War is most clearly supported by information in the
chart?
A) The North was expected to win the war quickly.
B) The South would have the advantage in a long war.
C) The South would have a larger, better-equipped fighting force.
D) The North and the South were evenly prepared for the war.
51
Base your answer to question 4 on the chart below and your knowledge of social studies.
4. Which conclusion can best be supported by the information in the illustration?
A) The North and the South had equal percentages of their population working for
railroads.
B) The North had fewer manufacturing plants than the South.
C) Most of the nation’s railroads ran through the South.
D) The North had a major advantage in industrial production when compared to the
South.
5. An issue that divided the North and South and led to the Civil War was the
A) length of the term of the president
B) use of judicial review by the Supreme Court
C) balance of power between the states and the federal government
D) application of the impeachment process
6. The Underground Railroad was developed in the 1840s in order to
A) smuggle illegal goods into the country
B) help runaway slaves escape to freedom
C) provide a form of inexpensive transportation
D) stop illegal aliens from entering the country
7. Which abolitionist leader was a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad?
A) John Brown
B) William Lloyd Garrison
C) Harriet Beecher Stowe
D) Harriet Tubman
52
Base your answer to questions 8 and 9 on the map below and your knowledge of social
studies.
8. In the election of 1860, which region of the country supported John C. Breckinridge?
A) North
B) South
C) East
D) West
9. Which concept is most clearly illustrated by the election results shown on this
map?
A) federalism
B) nationalism
C) protectionism
D) sectionalism
10. Which literary work exposed the evils of slavery?
A) Common Sense
B) The Jungle
C) The Grapes of Wrath
D) Uncle Tom’s Cabin
53
11. Which publication had a direct effect on the attitudes of Northerners toward slavery?
A) Common Sense
B) Poor Richard’s Almanac
C) Silent Spring
D) Uncle Tom’s Cabin
12. Harriet Tubman and Harriet Beecher Stowe were known for their support of
A) the Populist movement
B) the abolitionist movement
C) Jim Crow laws
D) fugitive slave laws
13. With which movement are Sojourner Truth, Fredrick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman
associated?
A) expansionist
B) Prohibition
C) temperance
D) abolitionist
14. Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Harriet Tubman were all 19thcentury leaders in the movement to
A) reform prisons
B) establish woman’s suffrage
C) protect Native American Indians
D) abolish slavery
15. During the first half of the 19th century, the abolition movement worked to
A) end slavery
B) promote the civil service system
C) establish free public schools
D) limit consumption of alcoholic beverages
16. Which Civil War event occurred first?
A) battle of Gettysburg
B) firing on Fort Sumter
C) assassination of President Lincoln
D) Emancipation Proclamation
17. By issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, President Abraham Lincoln
A) lost Northern support for the war
B) broadened Union war goals to include ending slavery
C) strengthened the principle of states’ rights
D) brought a quick end to the war
18. During the first part of the 19th century, differences between the North, South, and
West led to
A) sectionalism
B) federalism
C) isolationism
D) mercantilism
54
19. What advantage did the South have over the North during the Civil War?
A) greater manufacturing
B) more effective navy
C) better government
D) more capable military leaders
20. Abolition, the Underground Railroad, and the Dred Scott decision would all be
included in a discussion of
A) banking
B) slavery
C) foreign affairs
D) transportation
21. Which author’s work gave support to the Abolitionist movement before the Civil
War?
A) Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
B) Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind
C) Booker T. Washington’s Up From Slavery
D) Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Base your answer to question 22 on the chart below and your knowledge of social
studies.
22. What was the relationship between cotton production and the slave population?
A) To produce more cotton, more slaves were needed.
B) An increase in the slave population resulted in a decrease in cotton production.
C) To produce more cotton, fewer slaves were needed.
D) Cotton production had little effect on the slave population.
23. Sectionalism in the United States contributed most to the start of the
A) labor union movement
B) Great Depression
C) Industrial Revolution
D) Civil War
55
24. As a result of Abraham Lincoln’s election as President in 1860, several Southern
states called for
A) another vote by the electoral college
B) the House of Representatives to choose a President
C) secession from the Union
D) a constitutional amendment ending slavery
25. President Abraham Lincoln’s main goal throughout the Civil War was to
A) abolish slavery throughout the nation
B) preserve the Union
C) break the South’s dependence on cotton
D) end British control of the western territories
Base your answer to question 26 on the chart below and on your knowledge of social
studies.
26. Which conclusion related to the Civil War can be drawn from the information in this
chart?
A) The South had more large cities than the North.
B) Sectionalism was based on social and economic differences.
C) The South was well prepared to win a war against the North.
D) Agriculture was no longer important to the United States economy.
27. What was the immediate cause of the secession of Southern states from the Union
prior to the start of the Civil War?
A) election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency
B) passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
C) raid on Harpers Ferry by John Brown
D) decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case
56
Constructed Response
Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the poster below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
1. According to this poster, in which city were volunteers asked to report for duty? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Based on this poster, state one cause that volunteers were asked to fight for in the
Civil War. [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. In addition to the two stated wartime goals on the poster, what became another
wartime goal of the North as the Civil War continued? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
57
Base your answers to questions 4 through 6 on the graph below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
Based on the information in this graph, state one advantage the Union had over the
Confederacy during the Civil War. [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5 Approximately how many Confederate troops died during the Civil War? [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
6 State one reason deaths from disease and infections were greater than battlefield deaths
during the Civil War. [1]
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
58
Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the graph below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
7. What does the tree represent in the cartoon?
______________________________________________________________________________________
8. Which two sections of the United States are represented by Abraham Lincoln and
Jefferson Davis in the cartoon?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
9. Which major conflict in United States history was occurring when this cartoon was
drawn?
______________________________________________________________________________________
59
Seventh Grade Assessment Archive Answer Key (08-09 Edition)
Unit
One
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
A
A
A
C
A
D
B
C
B
A
A
B
D
B
D
B
B
B
B
D
B
A
C
B
B
D
C
A
D
D
A
A
A
A
D
B
B
B
C
C
Unit Two
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
C
C
B
A
B
D
B
A
C
B
D
D
A
A
C
D
A
A
B
B
C
D
D
C
D
B
C
C
D
C
A
D
B
Unit
Three
Unit
Four
Unit
Five
Unit
Eight
Unit
Ten
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
1.
2.
3.
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. D
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. D
10. D
11. D
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. A
16. B
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. B
21. D
22. A
23. D
24. C
25. B
26. B
27. A
B
C
D
C
A
D
B
A
C
B
B
C
B
D
C
A
D
A
C
A
B
B
C
D
C
C
C
C
B
D
D
A
B
0
A
C
C
C
A
D
A
C
C
C
D
D
C
C
A
A
C
A
A
D
C
B
A
D
D
C
B
D
A
C
C
D
D
D
C
C
D
B
A
A
A
Unit
Six
1.
2.
3.
4.
Unit
Seven
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. D
12. B
13. D
14. C
15. A
16. B
A
D
A
C
Unit
Nine
1. A
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C