Kaferelsheikh University
Faculty of Science
Geology Department
v.R)f.f':-
15/1/2011
Second year
(geology program)
Total Score 70
Time: 2 hours
Final Exam. In Optical Mineralogy and rock forming minerals
Answer the following questions:
The first guestion:(15 marks):
1) Answer the following sentences True or False. (1 pt each):
A) Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation
B) Light can be characterized as a transverse wave form that travels in a straight line
C) The frequency of light is manifest in the brightness of the light
D) The velocity of light is its wavelength multiplied by its frequency
E) Light speeds up as it passes through denser substances
F) Light is reflected at the same angle as the incident angle
G) Refraction occurs when light passes from one substance into another and results in its
changing velocity and being bent.
H) The index of refraction measures the degree to which light is slowed down relative to
the speed of light in a vacuum
I) A mineral in an oil grain mount will show high relief only if it has a higher index of
refraction than the oil
J) In a Becke line test, the bright line moves toward the substance with the lower index of
refraction
K) Quartz show one set of cleavage
2) For the figure to the right (1 pt each):
A) What is this optic figure? (circle one)
unixial optic axis,
biaxial optic axis
uniaxial flash figure,
acute bisectrix
8) What are the black bars called?
C) If this figure has a positive sign, in which
quadrants will the colors go down when a
gypsum plate is inserted?
D) The color rings that encircle the cross are
called?
The second guestion:(15
marks): write a short sentence on the
following:
(20
marks):
1) How can isotropic minerals be recognized under the microscope? (3 pts)
2) Name two ways anisotropic minerals can be recognized under the microscope? (3 pts)
3) By what two methods can the 2V angle of a biaxial mineral be estimated? (2 pts)
4) What style of twinning is the most common twinning seen in plagioclase? (2 pts)
5) What basically is "exsolution" in minerals? (2 pts)
6) List the crystallographic
classes corresponding to isotropic, uniaxial, and biaxial
materials. Give mineral examples for each. (3 pts)
2
The third guestion:(20
marks) (1 pt each):_Complete the following sentences:
1- A mineral with more than one principal refractive index is called
.
2- The mathematical difference between the largest and smallest refractive index for an
anisotropic mineral is called
.
3- A mineral with the same refractive index regardless of vibration direction. Its
indicatrix is a sphere is called
.
4- A mineral with two principal refractive indices and one optic axis. Its indicatrix is a
prolate or oblate ellipsoid is called
.
5- Peroxenes have
of cleavage with angle
degree while Amphiboles
have
of cleavage with angle
degree
6- Orthoclase is characterized by
twinning
7- Microclenes are chractrized by
twinning
8,
and
are accessory Plate
9- There are three types of twinning such as
,
and
.
10- There are three types of Extinction such as
,
and
.
11- Length fast means that
.
12- A mineral define as
with a highly ordered atomic arrangement and
a definite.. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .
It is usually formed by
processes
13- Biotite shows
of cleavage
14- the relief of Muscovite is
.
15- Augite, the most common clinopyroxene, is found in
to
igneous
rocks and their metamorphic equivalents
16- Hornblende is a widespread and common mineral in
and
rocks.
17- Olivine is typically found in
igneous rocks
18- Serpentine is generally an alteration product of
.
19- Garnet is found in a wide variety of
rocks and in some
rocks
20- Epidote is distinguished from clinopyroxenes by having
cleavage,
.
color,
extinction
4- The forth question:(20
marks): Write short article on the following:
a) uniaxial interference figures, how they are observed, and draw optic axis and flash
figures for both uniaxial negative and positive crystals. (10 pts)
b) Classification of the silicates is based on the different ways in which Si04 group
occurs. Explain and give a mineral example for each group. (10 pts)
best wishes
e
e
:,
!!!
KafrelSheikh University
Faculty of Science
~~~
Second Year Exam
Year 2011
~~~~~~:'-~~~~-'-~~~~~------------------------------------------------------~~~~-~~~~~~~~-~~-STRUCTURE
GEOLOGY
Write on the following questions:
1- Explain the following:
a) Graded bedding
b) Unconformities
2- Classification
c) Mohr circle diagram
d) Friction angle
of strike-slip and thrust faults.
3- Explain the following:
a) Criteria for recognition of faults.
b) Upright folds.
c) Classification of folds based on fold profile.
4- Classification
of joints.
********************************
Kafrelsheikh University
Geology Department
Faculty of Science
Second year Examination
Final Examination in Invertebrate paleontology (G205)
24/1/2011
Time: 2 hours
•. You must answer the next question: (22 degrees)
1- The natural preservation of any organism or assemblage of organisms
is dependent
on the interaction of several factors. Write about these
factors and explain the modes of fossils preservation?
*
Answer Three only of the following questions: (48 degrees)
11- Write short note about: (16 degrees)
A- Types of Ligament in pelecypoda (8 degrees)
B- Types of dentition in Pelecypoda
111- - Make a brief Comparison
(8 degrees)
between: (16 degrees)
A- Brachiopods and Pelecypods (8 degrees)
B- Septa in rugose corals and septa in scleractinian corals (8 deg.)
IV- Discuss the following: (16 degrees)
A- Septa and suture in Cephalopods (8 degrees)
B- Shape of solitary and colonial corals (8 degrees)
V-, Write short notes about: (16 degrees)
A- Water vascular system in Echinoderms (8 degrees)
B- Trilobite morphology (8 degrees)
-. Best wishes
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aziz Abu Sharna
[email protected]
Tel: 0166255510
Second year
(geology program)
Total Score 70
Time: 2 hours
Kaferelshei kh Universi ty
Faculty of Science
Geology Department
26/1/2011
Final Exam. In Petrology
Answer the following questions
First Part Sedimentary Rocks (25 Marks)
1- Define, in no more than two lines each, the three main types of sedimentary rocks (5 marks)
2- Write the sedimentary rock type of each of the following sediments: (10 marks)
angular gravel - bedded mud or clay - hydrated calcium sulphate - silica
calcium carbonate - peat - shells of silica - salt - sand - rounded gravel
3- Draw a sketch showing the simple ideal model for the evolution of sedimentary rocks and
their weathering products (5 marks)
4- Put in two separate diagrams the basic classification of each of the following: (5 marks)
• Chemical/biochemical rocks
• Siliciclastic rocks
Second Part Igneous Rocks (25 Marks)
1- Answer the following questions (15 pts)
. a. Rearrange this sentence into a true statement:
Rocks are compounds of elements, and elements are aggregates of minerals. (2 pts)
b. What is texture? Write some of the common textural terms? (3 pts)
c. It is common to see regular trends in rock composition in many suites of genetically
related igneous rocks. What is the name of the most common and fundamental chemical
process that is thought to occur to cause chemical variation expressed in these trends? (5
pts)
d- Outline Bowen's reaction series (5 pts)
2. Complete the following sentences (10 pts):
a- Large bodies of magma that solidify underground before they reach the surface of the crust
are called
Intrusive igneous rocks that form at depth within the earth are
called
while those that form near the surface are called
(3 pts)
b- Concordant pluton that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock, causing
that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving a dome or mushroom-like form with a
generally planar base is called
(2 pts)
c- Large emplacement of igneous intrusive rock that forms from cooled magma deep in the
earth's crust is called
(2 pts)
d- Sheet intrusion that cuts discordantly across older rocks is called
(1 pt)
e- Any process that causes magma composition to change is called
(1 pt)
f- Magma type tends to have the highest silica content,(
) while that tend to have the
lowest silica content (
) (1 pt)
1
t~
m rphic Rocks (20Marks)
in their proper order from low to high grade: gneiss, schist, slate,
nngmautv. i',1. llu . 2pts)
hat
.,
L
metarn rphism? (2pts)
Write short article on the agents of metamorphism. (6pts)
4.
Choose the single best answer: (10 pts)
a- A foliated rock is foliated
1- parallel to bedding planes
3- at right angles to the greatest compression
b-
2- parallel to the greatest compression
4- at right angles to the direction of stretching
Pressure exerted equally in all directions on rocks in the crust is:
1- differential
2- shear
3- directional
4-lithostatic
c- In which type of metamorphism are magmatic heat and fluids the primary agents of
change?
1- contact
2- local
3- dynamic
4- thermodynamic
5- regional
d- Which of the following is not a metamorphic mineral?
1- graphite
2- garnet
3- asbestos
5- talc
4- gypsum
e- Along what type of plate boundary is metamorphism most common?
1. convergent
2- mantle plume
3- divergent
4- static
5- transform
f- Which type of metamorphism produces the majority of metamorphic rocks?
1- contact
2- lithostatic
3- dynamic
4- lithospheric
g- Which of the following metamorphic rocks displays a foliated texture?
1- marble
2- schist
3- quartzite
4- hornfels
h-
The metamorphic rock formed from limestone is:
1- quartzite
2- slate
3- hornfels
4- greenstone
5- regional
5- greenstone
5- marble
i-
From which of the following rock groups can metamorphic rocks form?
1- plutonic
2- volcanic
3- sedimentary
4- all of these
j-
Which is a nonfoliated rock?
1- slate
2- schist
3- gneiss
4- marble
KafreIsheikh University
Faculty of Science
Geology Department
Final examination of first term( Geophysics)
Name:
Date: Saturday
Time: 2 hours
Second Year
22/1/2011
Answer the following Questions
1- Discuss briefly the factors affecting
magnitude of gravity anomalies.
the aerial extent
(Degree = 10)
and
2- The subsurface structural
features of the study area can be
interpreted from the Bouguer gravity map, guided by the shape,
size, amplitude and polarity of the gravity anomalies; using these
statement interpret the major predominating fault system in the
following map.
(Degree = 20)
3- Explain any method used for the local-regional separation
Gravity Data.
(Degree = 10)
of the
4- Magnetic Susceptibility of a mineral or a rock can be defined as its
capacity to acquire magnetism when it is put in an external field.
(Degree = 10)
5- Chose any simple gravity geometrical form (body), then discus and
interpret the mathematical form of this body. (Degree = 10)