UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA
ACADEMIC UNIT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
CAREER OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES
MENTION ENGLISH
TOPIC:
STRATEGIES THAT THE TEACHER SHOULD USE IN ORDER
TO ACHIEVE THAT THE STUDENT RECOGNIZES, USED AND
DOMINATED ALL THE FORMS OFTHE PLURAL OF THE
NOUNS
AUTHOR:
MAURA EUDILIA RAMIREZ VARGAS
MACHALA
EL ORO
2015
ECUADOR
CESIÓN DE DERECHOS DE AUTOR
Yo, RAMIREZ VARGAS MAURA EUDILIA, con C.I. 1723219703, estudiante de la
carrera de CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN MENCIÓN INGLÉS de la UNIDAD
ACADÉMICA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES de la UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE
MACHALA, en calidad de Autora del siguiente trabajo de titulación ESTRATEGIAS
QUE DEBE USAR EL MAESTRO PARA QUE EL ESTUDIANTE RECONOZCA, LAS
FORMAS DEL PLURAL DE LOS SUSTANTIVOS

Declaro bajo juramento que el trabajo aquí descrito es de mi autoría; que no ha
sido previamente presentado para ningún grado o calificación profesional. En
consecuencia, asumo la responsabilidad de la originalidad del mismo y el
cuidado al remitirme a las fuentes bibliográficas respectivas para fundamentar
el contenido expuesto, asumiendo la responsabilidad frente a cualquier reclamo
o demanda por parte de terceros de manera EXCLUSIVA.

Cedo a la UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MACHALA de forma NO EXCLUSIVA
con referencia a la obra en formato digital los derechos de:
a. Incorporar la mencionada obra al repositorio digital institucional para su
democratización a nivel mundial, respetando lo establecido por la Licencia
Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC
BY-NC-SA 4.0), la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual del Estado Ecuatoriano y el
Reglamento Institucional.
b. Adecuarla a cualquier formato o tecnología de uso en internet, así como incorporar
cualquier
sistema
de
seguridad
para
documentos
electrónicos,
correspondiéndome como Autor(a) la responsabilidad de velar por dichas
adaptaciones con la finalidad de que no se desnaturalice el contenido o sentido de
la misma.
Machala, 18 de noviembre de 2015
______________________________________
RAMIREZ VARGAS MAURA EUDILIA
C.I. 1723219703
WHICH STRATEGIES THAT THE TEACHER SHOULD USE
INORDER TO ACHIEVE THAT THE STUDENT RECOGNIZES,
DOMINATED AND USED ALL FORMS OF THE PLURAL OF THE
NOUNS?
AUTHOR:
MAURA EUDILIA RAMIREZ VARGAS
C.l.1723219703
E mail. [email protected]
MACHALA
OCTUBER
2015
DEDICATION
This work is dedicated with love to God, who is our faithful friend, my parents and my
brothers for their support and all the people who gave me good advice.
Maura Eudilia Ramírez Vargas
IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
God and my parents for love and moral support I have always received, to end my
career, professional this is the best legacy for me.
To the Technical University of Machala, for giving us the opportunity to have a thirdlevel study, it will allow our teaching potentiate the service of society
.
Maura Eudilia Ramírez Vargas
V
RESUMEN
Las estrategias en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje siempre han constituido un
problema para el docente, particularmente en el área de inglés, debido al limitado
conocimiento del docente al momento de impartir sus clases provocando confusión en
los estudiantes.
En este caso aprender los sustantivos en inglés es muy importante, porque su
estructura se utiliza en todas las conversaciones diarias, la única solución es dominar
la gramática y el vocabulario para poder hablar el idioma con fluidez, pero primero
debemos entender el papel de los sustantivos en el idioma inglés.
El plural de los sustantivos en inglés es un tema problemático para los estudiantes de
todos los niveles, la dificultad viene de los diferentes tipos de sustantivos: sustantivos
regulares, sustantivos irregulares, sustantivos solo con forma de singular o solo con
forma de plural.
Lo más importante es que el docente aplique estrategias actuales en el momento de
impartir sus clases a los estudiantes por ejemplo usar recursos mnemotécnicos, a
través de actividades lúdicas, ejercicios, juegos, videos, imágenes etc. Esto ayudara
al buen aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Palabras clave
Estrategias
Uso de los sustantivos en plural
Medios
Aprendizaje
VI
ABSTRACT
The strategies in the education process learning have always constituted a problem for
the teacher, particularly in the field of English, due to the limited knowledge of the
teacher at the moment of giving its classes provoking confusion in the students.
In this case to learn the nouns in English is very important, because its structure is
used in all the daily conversations, the only solution is to dominate the grammar and
the vocabulary to be able to speak the language fluently, but first we must understand
the role of the nouns in the English language.
The plural of the nouns in English is a problematic topic for the students of all the
levels, the difficulty comes from the different types of nouns: regular nouns, irregular,
substantive nouns only with form of singular or alone with form of plural.
The most important thing is that the teacher applies current strategies at the moment of
giving its classes to the students for example to use resources mnemotécnicos, across
playful activities, exercises, games, videos, images etc. This will help to good learning
of the students.
Key words
Strategies
Using plural nouns
Means
Learning
VII
INDEX OF CONTENT
CONTENT
PAGE
COVER……………………………………………………………………………………I
COVER PAGE……………………………………………………………………………II
PRONTISPIECE………………………………………………………………………….III
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………..IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………………………………...V
RESUMEN…………………………………………………………………………………VI
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………..VII
INDEXT OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………………..8
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………9
DEVELOPMENT………………………………………………………………………....11
CONCLUSIONS………………………………………………………………………….21
RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………………………….22
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………….23
ANNEX…………………………………………………………………………………….24
8
INTRODUCTION
The English language is full of exceptions and special strategies. Learning English is
not an easy task. The duty of this task rests with the teacher to find unique and
interesting ways to present strategies so that the students correctly recognize the plural
form of nouns.
Educational strategy is a set of activities designed to effectively and efficiently achieve
the expected educational objectives. This strategy refers to the set of techniques that
enhance the educational process. For example, you can mention Organization strategy
content to talk about a way to perform in front of a class using different techniques as
stress, summarize or perform schemes. Strategies are paramount in the measurement
of learning. Teachers are guides and facilitators of the situations and tasks to be
fulfilled in the process of teaching students to learn.
The noun is the word used to name people, animals, objects, ideas, feelings, situations
or places. The plural, on the other hand, is distinguished by the presence of more than
one item. In English this is a problematic subject for students of all levels. This difficulty
comes from the different types of nouns: regular nouns, irregular nouns, substantive
only singular form or only form of plural.
One of the problems that affect learning English is poor knowledge amongst teachers
when teaching the different rules that exist in the use of nouns in plural mode. This is
the reason why students have problems recognizing plural nouns, and they confuse
them when using them correctly.
Most of the teachers do not use appropriate strategies to teach their lessons to
students, lack of creativity to motivate students contributing to the learning of the
English language, since they are not properly trained.
The work was developed using the deductive and inductive for theoretical rationale for
the proposal and the same observation technique for problem identification and
contextualization was used.
.
9
OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH
GENERAL OBJECT

Make to proposal for to solution to the problema to the strategies for the proper
uses of the plural of nouns in the 8tv year of basic education students.
SPECIFIC OBJECT

Desing methodological strategies for the development of the solution of the
problema raised.

Apply the appropriate methodical in solving the problems identified, for correct
use of nouns.
Finally we present the results of the solution to the problem, starting with an
introduction to the object of study, which describes some theoretical and contextual
aspects of the problem posed. The methodology used as well as the objectives that
guided the work. Some theoretical references allowing giving coverage to the solution
of
the
problem
are
used
in
development,
raises
some
conclusions
and
recommendations, the used references and annexes.
10
DEVELOPMENT
In the process of teaching-learning strategies always have been a problem for the
teacher, particularly in English, due to the limited knowledge of the teacher at the time
of their classes, causing confusion in the students.
During the development of observation and pre-professional practices it was found that
teachers have a low level of knowledge of strategies methodologies of the English
language.
Some teachers do not update their knowledge which will develop into classes, and do
not use methodological strategies that were given in previous years. This gives rise to
infer that you do not get valid learning, since each group varies annually, and within its
internal dynamics also exist variations given by the motivation or the influence of
external factors to the educational process. The problem of teaching and learning has
been impacting on quality of education particularly in the management of a foreign
language such as English.
In the city of Machala most teachers of English do not use appropriate strategies, for
the correct use of nouns. This leads to students not having the knowledge to identify
the plurals of nouns in the English language.
Such is the case of the Juan Montalvo School, where teachers have neglected this so
important aspect, citing lack of time, staff training, etc. And have not implemented
strategies so the student does not learn the proper use of nouns in plural.
So the students in their eighth year of basic education have a limited academic and
learning knowledge.
The limited use of strategies cause loss of motivation, disinterest and boredom by
students at the time of the classes. It is possible that teachers have a poor knowledge
of strategies and argue that there is little support from the institutional authorities for
teacher training, which has led to a lack of interest by the pedagogical update.
By not putting effort in solving this problem could be that students of this establishment
have a low learning or having student attrition and that the institution has a bad image
in the society.
11
To learn the nouns in English is very important, because its structure is used in all the
daily conversations, the only solution is to dominate the grammar and the vocabulary to
be able to speak the language fluently, but first we must understand the role of the
nouns in the English language.
The plural of the nouns in English is a problematic topic for the students of all the
levels, the difficulty comes from the different types of nouns: regular nouns, irregular,
Substantive nouns only with form of singular or alone with form of plural
PLURAL NOUNS
Plural nouns are words used to indicate that there is more than one person, animal,
place, thing, or idea. The difference between singular and plural nouns is simple once
you know what to look for. Here, we take a look at singular and plural nouns, providing
both singular nouns examples and plural noun examples to help you recognize plural
nouns when you see them.
Nouns are terms used to name: people, animals and things of two or more.
WHAT IS A PLURAL NOUN
“A plural noun is a word that indicates that there is more than one person, animal
place, thing, or idea. When you talk about more than one of anything, you’re using
plural nouns. When you write about more than one of anything, you usually use the
same word, simply adding an s, es, or ies to the end. There are a few exceptions to this
rule, but not many – one of the best is that a single moose is a moose, and a group of
moose are still moose (ginger)
Plural nouns are very important rules for English language learning .when we study
these nouns is necessary for students to pay close attention for easy learning and write
properly. Here are examples of plural nouns
REGULAR NOUNS
In general the plural of a noun is formed by adding -S to the noun.
Apple Apples
12
When the noun ends in SS, SH, CH or X, we add -ES to the noun.
Box Boxes
Kiss
Kisses
Wish
wishes
Match
matches

I have a box in my bedroom.

I have three boxes in my bedroom.
When the noun ends in a VOWEL + Y, we add -S to the noun.
Boy
boys
Holiday
holidays
When the noun ends in a CONSONANT + Y, we remove Y and add -IES to the noun.
City
Party
Cities
Parties
If the noun ends in F or FE, we remove the F/FE and add -VES to the noun and if the
noun ends in IS, we change it to ES
Life
Lives
Crisis
Crises.
There are a number of nouns that don't follow these rules. They are irregular and you
need to learn them individually because they don't normally have an S on the end.
Man
Men
Woman
Women
Child
Children
There are some nouns in English that are the same in the singular and the plural.
13
Fish
Fish
Sheep
Sheep
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
In English grammar, countable nouns are people, animal, place, thing, or ideas which
can be counted. Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they cannot be
counted.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Even though uncountable
nouns are not individual objects, they are always singular and one must always use
singular verbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns
(http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/agree1a.html)
For example:
SUBSTANCES:
Milk, cream, sugar, bread, flour, water, wine
CONCEPTS:
Hope, peace, beauty, entertainment, freedom
FEELINGS AND QUALITIES:
Anger, joy, honesty, pride
ACTIVITIES:
Homework, sleep, surveillance
THE SUSTANTIVOS THAT SEEM PLURAL
There are words that seem plural but they are used in singular example:
The news is on televisión.
The United States is between Canada and Mexico
14
(Link, 2013)
The key to learning to use correctly recognize and plural nouns is necessary for the
student to memorize some rules of nouns .In some cases this is very important for a
good learning students. Teacher must use strategic activities to teach students all
forms of nouns and they can learn easily .Never change the spelling of a name when
you make it plural. The plural of Sammy is Sammys, not Sammies. And to learn nouns
we need a lot of practice and memorize some ways then, it will be easier to remember.
According to the magazine Copac: Who distinguishes two big types of strategies:
Primary strategies: they operate straight in learning.They include strategies for the
acquisition and storage of the information and then to recover and to use this
information.
Support strategies: they are used to help the student to maintain a frame adapted for
its learning. They try to favor the conditions so that effective learning takes place. The
author divides them in three categories: planning and programming, handling of the
concentration and control. (coppac)
According to National Science The program of activities prepared by the teacher the
learning strategies are scientific activitiesThe discussion of the possible interest of the
problematic situations proposed to give sense to its study, including the necessary
decision making about the expediency of tackling the abovementioned study in the
classroom;
The qualitative study of the tackled problematic situations, which helps to comprise
them and to annotate them in- view of the available knowledge;
• The invention of concepts and emission of based hypotheses, which allow to face the
scientific treatment of the problems;
• The making and putting in practice of strategies of resolution, including the design
and a chievement of experimental assemblies to put inquestion the expressed
hypotheses;
• The analysis and communication of the obtained results, arranging them with those of
other groups of students and with those of the scientific community (solbes, 2012)
15
Thomson Reuters says: the strategies of Learning and Motivation. Diverse descriptive
analyses were realized and variance analyses on the results of the students according
to the approach of These results support the expediency of adopting in the educational
centers an inclusive approach of attention to the diversity so that they could improve
the competition of autonomous learning. (Reuters, 2015)
In this sense, the use of the skills of observation was possible to say that there is a low
level of knowledge of teachers in the management of strategies for teaching English a
good proposal to resolve this problem is necessary.
Different strategies exist so that the teacher teaches the plural nouns, in this case we
will speak to them about some of them so that the student uses and dominates the
plurals of the nouns in plural.
The strategies that the teacher owes to use to facilitate the suitable use of the plural
nouns are the following ones:
STRATEGIES TO RECOGNIZE NOUNS IN ENGLISH.
.

To use resources mnemotécnicos It
consists
of
the
aptitude
to
create
resources to remember words, dates,names, etc. ,that is to say, any thing that
us should be difficult to memorize, well because they are new and we have just
learned them.
 Across playful activities, for expele. The strategies, on the other hand, it is
possible to optimize of many ways.
 Stimulating constantly the student and to use activities that stimulate the
participation,with a good knowledge of the resources of gramatical.
 Deciding the areas in which we want to focus attention;
 Doing an application effort to situations of written or oral real communication the
16
rules learned(even speaking internally with onehimself in the learned lenguaje.
 Using good systems to record and to fix the observed strategic questions while
it is read or is listened or insituations of interaction (you notice, you list,
personal dictionaries).

looking for new strategies making
sure
that
the strategies should be
comprised by our speakers. With astrategic exposition, then, the education
of the English language can turn into aterritory more friendly than we believe
 To teach the plural of nouns to English language learners, it's important to
know exactly what level of English language knowledge they already possess.
When the teacher uses strategies in the classroom, it is with the aim that students learn
more easily plurals of nouns.
NOUN CHOICE
When teaching the plural of nouns to English language learners, it's helpful and
effective to use nouns that the students are familiar
When the teacher knows that students have difficulties, you can be mind that strategies
to use in class.
VISUAL AIDS
Visual aids are instruments of learning that the teacher uses to convey his teaching to
give a more effective idea.
It is important that visual aids are adapted to a particular subject, depending on their
needs, teachers should use visual aids only as an aid and not rely on them every day.
Example:
Show a picture of a woman and write below the word woman and the other side of the
card show two women and write women .the images below allow you to communicate
with the context and the images
The use of visual aids is a very important to learn the plural noun.
17
EXERCISES
Exercises may include puns, fight like a word or words in his ear, or a worksheet
multiple choice where the student has to write the plural noun for a group of singular
nouns.
Exercises should be done in class so you can walk and help students who encounter
questions or mistakes.
INTERACTIVE GAMES
Incorporating interactive games into your lesson plan on plurals is another effective
way to stimulate ELL students and get the men gaged to retain the information. One
example of an interactive game is "Around the World" – where the students stand up at
their desk and the teacher asks each student, individually, to give the plural of a noun.
If the student gets the plural correct, he remains standing. Students who don't answer
correctly must sitdown.(Sheahan)
The game creates a very important role, because through it can be stimulated and
acquire greater development in different areas, also it contributes to the increase of
their creative abilities, so it is considered an effective means for understanding reality in
students.
MEMORIZE
In general to be able to memorize new words in this case the learned nouns, the
key is the words repetition for example:
We take the word or rule and pronounce it correctly several times aloud.
PICTURES
To show images, which could differentiate the plural nouns serving as base for the
construction of new knowledge.
18
VIDEOS
They will be projected by video with its names so that they identify the nouns if
they are plural or it are not.
TEXTS
The teacher take to teach the students to read and to underline all the nouns that this
Should find Helps him to memorize and to remember them .To try that facility With the
majority of Underlined words is substantive. More than 80% of the student Underlined
Words That must be the nouns. Another 20% can be adjectives or verbs the rest of
gramatical categories.
texts help students do not make grammatical mistakes.
ENTERTAINING GAMES
Another entertaining way of helping the students to learn the rules of the plural is by
means of a game.
SONG
The singing is another entertaining way of teaching the nouns. Also it is an effective
form so that the students retain information, especially if it is with a simple song. Never
the less, it is not necessary to write a new song to learn the rules of the use of the
plural, you can take a well-known song that exists and emphasize the parts of the
plural nouns while you sing..
Songs include authentic language, increase vocabulary and grammar help apronunciar
correctly.
VOCABULARY
Vocabulary facilitates the grammatical learning process and helps the pupil to identify
structures more easily, facilitates to him the comprehension of the different speeches to
which the pupil is exhibited.
The teacher has to learn many strategies to teach the English language is not enough
to speak the official language, but he knows is directed to the teacher to teach
grammar to their students.
19
AUDIOVISUAL MATERIAL
In many places this skill is not put in to practice and many of the pupils have not been
able to get connected really with English. To be able to establish this strategy it is
necessary to take as the first term the domain that both the teachers and the students
have in the handling of English. Obviously, this domain must differ in the knowledge
that each one has up to this moment.That is to say a subcategory that establishes the
level of knowledge of all the teachers, as well as of all the students.
SHORT CONVERSATIONS
To maintain conversations with the teacherand the schoolmates using nouns for the
purpose of which the teacher corrects the errors.
.it also useful to learn grammatical structures and master the rules of nouns.
FLASHCARDS
Flashcards helps to clear and keep the mind of the student active. Also they serve to
remember and to revise and to streng then the already studied nouns, we can use
them at the beginning of the classes, like the first contact and point of linkage with the
previous meeting and during or at the end of the same one to revise the nouns seen
with previously.
ROL PALY
It is very useful to encourage the student to a deepening and significant learning of the
nouns.
role-plays give students the opportunity to demonstrate how to use English in real life
situations
.
SIMPLE HISTORIES
The teachers should read to its pupils simple histories that contain singular and plural
nouns where the students recognize which are plural and singular.
These strategies are very useful for the education and learning of the Inglés language
of the students of eighth year. The teaching we must always be in continuo us
formation to Facilitate learning of the students so every student That has not problems
to learn the plural nouns.
You can use to motivate your students, and they easily recognizes the plural nouns .
20
CONCLUSION
The present work has the purpose to get some strategies for the recognition and
suitable use of the nouns in plural, and can offer a help to facilitate learning of the
teacher to the students.
In conclusion these strategies are fundamental so that the teacher motivates the
student to learn and to dominate all the forms of the plural nouns.
21
RECOMMENDATIONS
Authorities of the institution should facilitate and support the teachers so that they are
trained continuously.
Participate actively in workshops, seminars courses to learn new strategies so that they
are applied to the students for a better understanding into the English language.
Teachers to be creative at the moment to explain grammar so as to facilitate learning
students.
22
BIBLIOGRAPHY
copac. (s.f.). http://revista.inie.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/aie/article/view/118. Obtenido de
http://revista.inie.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/aie/article/view/118.
copac. (s.f.). http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/educacion/article/view/19895/20058.
Obtenido de http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/educacion/article/view/19895/20058.
coppac. (s.f.). http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/educacion/article/view/19895/20058.
Recuperado el Lunes 12 de Octubre de 2015, de
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http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/educacion/article/view/19895/20058
ginger. (s.f.). http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/nouns/plural-nouns/.
Recuperado el 15 de octuber de 2015, de
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http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/nouns/plural-nouns/
http://hello-centers.blogspot.com/. (s.f.). http://hello-centers.blogspot.com/. Recuperado el
domingo de octubre de 2015, de http://hello-centers.blogspot.com/: http://hellocenters.blogspot.com/
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2015, de http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/agree1a.html: http://www.grammarquizzes.com/agree1a.html
Link, C. ©. (2013). http://www.englishspanishlink.com/gramatica-inglesa/plurales.htm.
Recuperado el lunes de octubre de 2015, de
http://www.englishspanishlink.com/gramatica-inglesa/plurales.htm:
http://www.englishspanishlink.com/gramatica-inglesa/plurales.htm
Reuters, t. (2015). http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-perfiles-educativos-85-articulo-enfoquesatencion-diversidad-estrategias-aprendizaje. Recuperado el lunes de octubre de 2015,
de http://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-perfiles-educativos-85-articulo-enfoquesatencion-diversidad-estrategias-aprendizaje-90371926
Sheahan, K. (s.f.). http://www.eslteachersboard.com/cgi-bin/lessons/index.pl?read=4194.
Recuperado el miercoles de cotubre de 2015, de
http://www.eslteachersboard.com/cgi-bin/lessons/index.pl?read=4194:
http://www.eslteachersboard.com/cgi-bin/lessons/index.pl?read=4194
solbes, j. (2012). http://www.scielo.br/pdf/er/n44/n44a04.pdf. Obtenido de
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/er/n44/n44a04.pdf
23
ANNEXES
24