Ecology:
Biomes
Tuesday, April 30, 2013
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Outdoor Lab Thursday - Sturdy Shoes
Assignment 3: Friday, April 27
Make-Up Lab: Friday, April 27
Connect Quiz 4: Sunday, April 29, Midnight
Final Exam: Monday, April 30, 1:30 PM
Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Succession
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Orderly change in the composition of an
ecosystem following a disturbance
Pioneer
Community
Climax
Community
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Climate and Ecosystem Type
0-25 cm
desert
warm
desert
cold
desert
Tundra
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50-75 cm
grass
warm
grass
cold
grass
>100 cm
forest
Broadleaf
evergreen
Rainfall
Hi temp
(20 - 30C)
Med. temp
Broadleaf (5 - 20C)
deciduous
Low temp
Coniferous (5 - -5)
Other Factors
Within a given climate, other factors affect climax.
low nutrient soils
oak and hickory
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high nutrient soils
maple and beech
Temperature Varies with Latitude
Tropic of
Cancer
23N
0
Equator
23S
Tropic of
Capricorn
Equinox
March and September
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Temperature Varies with Season
northern
summer
Equ
ator
Summer Solstice
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Temperature Varies with
Season
northern
winter
Eq
r
o
t
ua
Winter Solstice
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Air Currents Vary with Latitude
60- Moderate Rain - as air rises, it
cools and moisture is released but
temperatures not as warm as tropics.
60
30
0
30
60
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30 - Low Rain - as air falls, it warms
and moisture is picked up.
0 - High Rain - as air
rises, it cools and
moisture is released.
Mountains and Temperature
Low Temp
6C per 100m
High Temp
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Mountains and Rainfall
windward
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leeward
North vs South Slope
Equator
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Biome
• Terrestrial ecosystem that occurs over
wide geographic area
• Characteristic climate
• Characteristic vegetation
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Biomes
Temperature and Rainfall Graph
Figure 46.4
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Tropical Rainforest
•high temperature
•high rainfall
•evergreen broadleaf trees
•high diversity
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Tropical Seasonal Forest
•high temperature
•wet/dry season
•deciduous trees
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
•moderate temperature
•moderate rainfall
•4 seasons
•deciduous trees
•understory
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Temperate
Rainforest
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coniferous forest
moderate temperature
high rainfall
Boreal Forest
•Coniferous Forest
•Spruce, Firs
•Cooler Temperatures and Rainfall
•Taiga - high latitudes
•Mountain Forest - high elevations
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Shrubland
• bushes rather than trees
• areas with dry summers/wet winters
• e.g. California chaparral
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Grassland
• cold winters, hot, dry summers (Great Plains)
•adapted to disturbances
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Savanna
• grass with scattered trees
• cool dry season and hot rainy season (Africa)
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Desert
• rainfall less than 25 cm
•large day/night temperature different
• often around 30 latitude
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Tundra
• coldest, driest
• short growing season
• treeless
• permafrost
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Biome Map
World Map of Biomes
Figure 46.4 and 46.5
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Freshwater Ecosystems
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Lakes (ponds)
Wetlands - shallow, wet part of year
Streams
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Marine Ecosystems
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Estuaries - mixing of fresh and saltwater
Intertidal
Euphotic Zone
Deep Sea Waters
Abyssmal Plain
See Fig 46.20
Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Activity 21
Tuesday, April 30, 2013