Y7 Product Design
Learn Sheet
In More Detail: Geometry and Geometrical Shapes
Geometry is part of maths and is about dimensions, shapes and lines. All objects have a geometry—they have shapes
and sizes. Drawing boards, set-squares, compasses and 2D Design all make drawing shapes and designs more accurate.
They can also be used to draw a variety of different geometrical shapes. Can you know the names of the geometrical
shapes below?
You will have a test to check how well you have understood, learnt and remembered a variety of facts connected with designing and making a product. Use this sheet to check your own knowledge and revise and
learn things which are less confident about.
Basic Materials and Equipment
Can you remember and correctly spell the names of basic materials and equipment and explain what each one is for?
(all sides are the same length
and all angles are 60°)
(6 sided shape)
(6 sided shape but with
different length sides)
(5 sided shape)
(10 sided shape)
(8 sided shape)
What are the names of the different dimensions of a circle?
Drawing Board
Set Square
Ruler
A drawing board is used to help create accurate drawings with lines
that are straight and at right angles
Different types of set square can be
used to help draw different shapes
(squares, triangles, hexagons).
Rulers are used for measuring and
drawing straight lines.
Circle Template
Compass
Woodwork Bench
Circle templates are used to help
draw small circles neatly and accurately. The size of the circle is shown
as a diameter.
A compass is used to draw large
circles. It necessary to kno
A woodwork bench is used when
carrying-out practical work. They are
strong so that they resist the forces
created when doing practical work.
Vice
Sandpaper
Plywood
A vice attaches to a woodwork
bench and is used to hold practical
work.
Sandpaper is an abrasive paper that
is used to remove rough edges and
layers of wood to make it smoother.
Plywood is a manufactured board
that is made from layers of plywood
glued together.
Radius
Diameter
The diameter of a circle is the
dimension from one side of a
circle through the centre to the
to the other side.
The radius of a circle is the dimension from the centre to the
edge. The radius of a circle is
always half of the diameter.
Test yourself
Test your knowledge by answering the questions below on piece of paper. Don’t look at the answers until you
have completed the questions! You could work with a friend and write one another questions to answer.
1.
Can you explain what a drawing board is used for?
2.
Which piece of equipment would you use to remove the rough edges on a piece of wood?
3. What is the name of the piece of
equipment shown below?
4. What two processes can be carried out on a laser?
5. What does a laser use to cut
through materials?
6. If you want to move a part of 2D Design drawing, what tool would you need to use first?
7. What do you think the advantages of making a product using a C.A.M. laser are?
8. Can you think of any disadvantages of using a C.A.D. to draw a design for a product?
Advanced Materials, Equipment and Processes
In More Detail…...
Can you remember and correctly spell the keywords and names of materials, equipment and process and explain what each one is for?
Can you explain the processes and t
ools?
2D Design
Dimension
Millimetre (mm)
Parallel
Dimension is another
word for measurement.
Millimetres are a unit used for measuring very accurately. There are 10mm in 1cm, so 50mm in 5cm,
60mm in 6cm etc. The ruler above shows a 4mm
measurement which is the same as 0.4cm.
When two lines or objects
are parallel they never meet.
The rails of a train track are
parallel—they never meet!
2D Design is piece of C.A.D. (Computer Aided Design). It can be
used to draw designs with accuracy which can then be printed out
onto paper or cut using a laser cutter or vinyl cutter (as well as
many other types of C.A.M. machinery). There are many different
types of tool on the software. Pressing the mouse button down on
different tools. Some useful and important tools are:
Grid Lock: used to make sure that lines are straight and meet perfectly. It is normally set to 10mm or 5mm.
Step Lock: this is similar to the Grid Lock but is accurate to 1mm, rather than 10mm or 5mm.
Select: the Select tool is used to ‘select’ an object that it can copied, rotated, moved re-sized.
Delete: this used to delete lines
Delete Part of Line: this is used to delete part of a pine
Circle with a given centre and radius: this is used to draw a circle with a specific radius
Draw semi-circular arc: this is one method of drawing a semi-circle
Adhesive Vinyl
C.A.D.
C.A.M.
Vinyl is a type of plastic.
Products such as stickers,
flooring and plastic seat covers are made from vinyl.
Adhesive vinyl is sticky on the
back.
C.A.D. stands for Computer
Aided Design. C.A.D. is used by
designers and engineers to
help design some of the very
complex products which we
use every day. C.A.D. can be
very accurate but it takes some
time to learn how to use it.
C.A.M. stands for Computer Aided Manufacture.
C.A.M. machines use digital C.A.D. drawings to
make a wide variety of different types of products.
There are many different types of C.A.M.
machine, including robots, milling machines and
laser cutters. C.A.M. machines are much more
accurate than humans but are very expensive.
Weeding-Out
Weeding out is the name of the process used to
remove the unwanted parts of adhesive vinyl
which have been cut on a C.A.M. vinyl cutting
machine to make a finished sticker. Tweezers are
normally used when weeding out.
Laser Cutting and Laser Etching
Lasers can be used to carry out two processes: cutting and etching. When a laser is set to a high power and a low
speed it can cut all of the way through a piece of material such as plywood. When it is set to high speed and low
power it only cuts into the top layer of a piece of material such as plywood. This is called ’laser etching’. When
drawing a design on 2D Design it necessary to draw lines which will be cut in black and lines which will be etched
another colour. Red is typically used.
Low-Tack Tape
C.A.M. Vinyl Cutter
Laser Cutter
The adhesive on low-tack tape is
not very sticky. It is strong
enough to lift adhesive vinyl off
it’s non-stick backing.
A C.A.M. vinyl cutter uses a very small
and sharp blade to cut through a thin
layer of adhesive vinyl. The adhesive
vinyl can then be removed from its nonstick backing paper.
A laser cutter uses a very intense, high
energy beam of light to cut through materials. It is computer controlled so is a
type of C.A.M. machine.