Phylogenomic analyses of the relationships of Lophophorata and Myxozoa two enigmatic metazoan phyla Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) to the Department Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg U-H iii Maximilian Philip Nesnidal from Bremen Hamburg 2013 http://d-nb.info/1050748484 Table of contents Abstract Kurzfassung List of Publications Summary Chapter 1 General Introduction Taxon sampling Lophophorata Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) Brachiopoda Phoronida Myxozoa Phylogenetic hypotheses Lophophorata Myxozoa Aims of the study Summary of results Conclusion References Acknowledgments Declaration of Authorship Authors' contributions iii iv vi 1 3 3 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 10 13 15 16 27 32 37 38 39 Chapter 2 Hausdorf B, Helmkampf M, Nesnidal MP, Bruchhaus I. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships within the lophophorate lineages (Ectoprocta, Brachiopodaand Phoronida). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 55:1121 -1127 42 Chapter 3 Nesnidal MP, Helmkampf M, Bruchhaus I, Hausdorf B. 2010. Compositional Heterogeneity and Phylogenomic Inference of Metazoan Relationships. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 27(9): 2095-2104 50 Chapter 4 Nesnidal MP, Helmkampf M, Bruchhaus I, Hausdorf B. 2011. The complete mitochondrial genome of Flustra foliacea (Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata) - compositional bias affects phylogenetic analyses of lophotrochozoan relationships. BMC Genomics. 12: 572 61 Chapter 5 Nesnidal MP, Helmkampf M, Bruchhaus I, El-Matbouli M, Hausdorf B. 2013. Agent of Whirling Disease Meets Orphan Worm: Phylogenomic Analyses Firmly Place Myxozoa in Cnidaria. PLoS ONE. 8(1): e54576 81 Chapter 6 Nesnidal MP, Helmkampf M, Meyer A, Witek A, Bruchhaus I, Ebersberger I, Hankeln T, Lieb B, Struck TH, Hausdorf B. 2013. New phylogenomic data support the monophyly of Lophophorata and an Ectoproct-Phoronid clade and indicate that Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa are caused by systematic bias. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13:253 88 Chapter 7 Nesnidal MP, Helmkampf M, Bruchhaus I, Ebersberg I, Hausdorf B. 2014. Lophophorata monophyletic-after all. In Deep Metazoan Phytogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life. Edited by Waegele JW, Bartholomaeus T. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter; 2014 102 Appendix 118
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