Preliminary Scoping for Development Study (Master Plan)
Date: September 2007
1.
Title of the Project
• The Study on the National Strategic Plan for Ecotourism Development in the
Dominican Republic
2.
Type of the Study
• Master Plan Study
3.
Environmental category and reason for categorization
• Category B
The study, the National Strategic Plan for Ecotourism Development aims at
improvements of nature conservation and communities’ living standards.
However,
some impacts are unclear, or would be expected and should be mitigated through the
ecotourism development based on utilizing natural resources and community’s
participation.
4.
Agency or institution responsible for the implementation of the project
4.1
Counterpart Agencies
• State Secretariat of Tourism (SECTUR)
• State Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARN)
4.2
EIA responsible Agency
• Sub-secretary of Environmental Management (SSEM) in State Secretariat of
Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARN)
5.
Outline of the project
5.1
Objectives
The main objectives of the Study are to contribute to 1) promote ecotourism through the
diversification of ecotourism products; 2) protect the natural environment that forms a
part of ecotourism resources; as well as 3) upgrade the living standards of poor
communities by means of integrating many stakeholders who are active in various parts
of the country in relation to ecotourism.
5.2
Location
• Whole country of the Dominican Republic
5.3
Scope of the study
1) Stage 1 June – September 2007: Ecotourism site survey on the existing situations
•
Subjects include resource, institutional set up, operation about tourism and
environmental protection, and marketing and promotion
1
•
Establishment of a network among ecotourism stakeholders
2) Stage 2 August – November 2007: Study of needs and feasibility of ecotourism
•
Marketing and promotion: product diversification
•
Socio-economic situation: community involvement
•
Resources
•
Institutional
3) Stage 3 December - February 2008: Action Plan Proposals
•
Ecotourism potential development by area
•
Framework for improved legal and institutional systems
•
Community participatory ecotourism model
•
Marketing and promotion
4) Stage 4 March - August 2008: Selection and implementation of Pilot Projects
•
Two or three pilot projects are to be selected and implemented.
•
They may not be the best in overall sense among the candidates as the purpose is
to reflect lessons learnt in the master plan
5) Stage 5 September 2008 - February 2009 (1): Preparation of the Master Plan for
Ecotourism Development
•
Basic policies and strategies
•
Target markets and strategies for each
•
Zoning and routing that satisfies both tourism and environment
•
Combined plan of tourism development and environmental protection for each
zone
•
Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE)
6) Stage 5 September 2008 – February 2009 (2)
•
Model and guidelines for community participatory ecotourism development
•
Ecotourism products linking ecotourism sites
•
Proposal for legal and institutional strengthening including human resource
development to realize the master plan
•
6.
Proposal for financial resource mobilization
Description of the project site
There are five regions set up geographically and structurally in tourism for the study.
The aspects of regions are briefed as follows.
•
Northeast Region: Developed area for beach resorts.
Manatee and humpback
whale are scarce marine mammals.
•
North-Central Region: Ecotourism leading region at mountainous area: The
Central Mountain range known for Mt. Pico Duarte at 3,176m elevation.
Jarabacoa and Constanza are famous ecotourism destinations.
•
South-Central Region: Developing region for ecotourism with natural, agro and
2
cultural resources at Santo Domingo, the most populated city, and surroundings.
•
East Region: New developing area for beach resort including fine resorts.
Saona
Island in Del Este National Park is the most famous excursion site.
•
Southwest Region: Potential region for ecotourism developments with diversified
natural resources, several lakes and characteristic forests.
Figure
6.1
Administrative Boundaries
3
North-Central
• Ecotourism
leading region at
mountainous area
Northeast
• Relatively old beach
resort development
area
• There are two marine
mammal sanctuaries
South-Central
• Developing region
for ecotourism
with natural, agro
and cultural
resources
Southwest
• Developing region
for ecotourism
with diversified
natural resources
Figure
6.2
Locations of Regions
4
East
• Relatively New
beach resort
development area
• Saona Island is
the most famous
excursion site
Table
Region
Northeast
6.1
Regional Aspects
North-Central
South-Central
East
2,003,130 pop,
12,192 km2
- Santiago
- La Vega
- Cotui
- Bonao
- Moca
- Mao
- Mountain area
(1,000-3,000m
elevation)
- Flat area along
the Yaque del
Norte river
3,676,783 pop,
6,946 km2
- Santo Domingo
(the capital)
- San Cristbal
- Bani
- Monte Plata
880,468 pop,
8,036 km2
- San Pedro de
Macoris
- La Romana
- Higuey
856,600 pop,
14,630 km2
- Azua
- Barahona
- San Juan
- Gently sloping
area
- Partly Mountain
area (to 2,500m
elevation)
- Gently sloping
area
- Flat area (some
are is below sea
level)
- Gently sloping
area
- Mountain area (to
2,500m elevation)
- The Central
mountain range
- The Martin Garcia
mountains
- The Neiba
mountains
- The Baoruco
mountains
- Rio Yaque del Sur
(183km in length,
4,972km2 in basin
area)
1) Population and
Area (Census 2002)
2) Major Cities
1,145,560 pop,
6,863 km2
- Puelto Plata
- SF de Macoris
2) Geography
- Narrow coastal
area
- Long and thin
mountains behind
the coast
3) Major Mountains
- The Septentrional
mountains
- The Central
Mountain range
- The highest Mt.
Pico Duarte in the
Caribbean Sea
- The Yamasa
- The Oriental
mountains
mountains
- Part of the Central
Mountain range
4) Major Rivers
- Rio Yaque Yuna
(125km in length)
- Rio Osama (87km
in length)
4) Climate (aridity)
- Humid-Dry area
- Semi-humid area
- Rio Yaque del
Norte (296km in
length, 7,044km2
in basin area)
- Rio Artibonito
(99km in length)
- Dry area
- Semi-dry area
- Humid-Dry area
5) Forest
- Broad leave forest - Dry forest
- Dry bush
-
6) Lake (Natural)
Conifer forest
Broad leave cloud forest
Broad leave forest Dry forest
Dry bush
Mangrove forest
-
7) Major Beach
resort sites
Dry area
Semi-dry area
Humid-Dry area
Semi-humid area
Humid area
Broad leave forest
Dry forest
Dry bush
Broad leave bush
-
-
- Humid-Dry area
- Semi-humid area
- Humid area
-
-
Southwest
Dry area
Semi-dry area
Humid-Dry area
Semi-humid area
Humid area
Conifer forest
Broad leave cloud
forest
Broad leave forest
Dry forest
Dry bush
Mangrove forest
Lago Enriquillo
(265km2, 40m
below sea level)
Laguna de
Oviedo(27km2)
- Laguna de Cabral
- Barahona
- Paraiso
Broad leave forest Dry forest
Broad leave bush
Mangrove forest
Laguna Bavaro
Laguna Limon
Laguna Redonda
-
- Luperon
- Boca Chica
- Punta Cana
- Puelto Plata
- Cavesa de Toro
- Playa Dorada
- Bavaro
- Sosua
- Casa de Campo
- Cabarete
- Juan Dolio
- Rio San Juan
- Cabrera
- Las Terrenas
- Samana
- Las Galeras
8) Accommodations 298 establishments
89 establishments
135 establishments
131 establishments
42 establishments
and Rooms (2005)
21,280 rooms
2,111 rooms
6,675 rooms
32,346 rooms
889 rooms
Source: Census 2002, SEMARN, ASONAHORES (Asociación Nacional de Hoteles y Restaurantes, Inc.)
5
Table
6.2
National Aspects
Item
Description
1) Population, Area
2) Flora
3) Fauna
4) No. of species on
the IUCN Red List
5) Visitor arrivals
(2005)
6) Accommodation
(2005)
7) Other tourism
Indicators
8,562,541 pop, 48,667 km2 (Census 2002)
Total Species: 5,600 Endemic Species: 1,800 Endangered Species: 42
- Bird: 306 species, 38 species are endemic.
- Amphibian: 65 species, 63 species are endemic.
- Mammal: 33 species, with endemic species of bat (Phyllops haitiensis), a rodent (Plagiodontia
aedium) and an insectivorus (Solenodón paradoxus). These two last ones are in danger and with
populations restricted within protected areas.
- Marine Mammal: 16 species of cetaceans (4 whales of beards, 3 species of sperm whales, 2
ziphius whales and 7 species of dolphins) and 1 species of manatee (Trichechus manatus).
- Remarkable manatee population is located in the Marine Mammal Sanctuaries: Estero Hondo.
- Visit of greater migratory population of Megaptera Novaengliae whales to the Marine Mammal
Sanctuaries: Bancos de la Plata y de la Navidad.
Extinct (8), Critically Endangered (20), Endangered (38), Vulnerable (53), Near Threatened (37),
Least Concern (253), Data Deficient (16), Total 425 species
- International: 3,690,692 (including overseas Dominicans: 602,445), Resident: 390,603
Total 4,081,295 arrivals
- USA: 1,010,012 (32.7%), Canada: 427,074 (13.8%), France: 309,529 (10.0%), Spain: 255,675
(8.3%), German: 234,800 (7.6%), England: 217,945 (7.1% of the total foreigner arrivals)
Total 695 establishments, 63,301 rooms
- International Tourism Revenue: total 3.52 million US$ (2005), 921.74 US$ per visitor (2004)
- Average length of stay: 8.97 days (2004)
- Season (2005): 1) High season: July (11.19%), December (10.39%), March (10.02%)
2) Low season: September (5.3%), October (5.95%), May (6.76%)
of the total foreign arrivals
3) High season of foreign visitors mainly from USA, Spain, Portugal, England in
June and July.
4) High season of foreign visitors mainly from Canada, Germany, France, Italy,
Swiss, Russia in January, February and March
Source: Census 2002, SEMARN, Banco Central de la República Dominicana, ASONAHORES (Asociación Nacional de
Hoteles y Restaurantes, Inc.), IUCN Red List
7.
Legal framework of environmental and social consideration
7.1
Legal Framework of Environmental Impact Assessment
Law 64-00: Article 9, 17, 18, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 107, 109, 150, 175
7.2
Procedure
The procedure is summarized as follows.
1) A project proponent submits a “Form of the Pre-analysis for Environmental
Evaluation” of a project to the Sub-secretary of Environmental Management (SSEM)
in the SEMARN.
2) The SSEM evaluates the project to decide which environmental study, Declaration of
Environmental Impact (DIA) or Environmental Impact Study (EsIA) is required for the
project.
Levels of the environmental study are determined in accordance with
intrinsic characteristics and fragility of the project areas.
the project sites to evaluate the category and fragility.
6
The SSEM members visit
DIA: DIA is a rather simple study mainly based on secondary data and information
without requirements of detail environmental studies.
EsIA: EsIA is a full scale study including technical and scientific research and analysis
to identify, predict and control the environmental impacts.
Table
7.1
Categorization and Study Requirement of Projects
Category
Fragility of the geography and study requirement
VERY HIGH
HIGH
MODERATE
LOW
A
EsIA
EsIA
EsIA
EsIA
B
EsIA
EsIA
DIA, EAC*
DIA, EAC*
C
EsIA
DIA, EAC*
DIA
DIA
*Complementary Environmental Studies (EAC) is not always required. The EAC will be defined
based on the revision of the DIA.
Category A: This category is for a project with potential high significant impacts that
affect areas at regional and national levels. An EsIA is required for the category.
Category B: This category is for a project with potential significant impacts but at
limited area of direct influence.
A DIA is basically required except sites located in
the areas of very high or high fragility.
The SSEM could require a Complementary
Environmental Studies (EAC) for critical environmental subjects.
Category C: This category is for a project with potential moderate impacts that are
manageable through simple, well known prevention, control and mitigation measures.
The DIA is basically required for the category.
3) The SSEM gives the project proponent a TOR of DIA or EsIA.
4) The project proponent should implement the study according to the TOR and submit
a study report to the SSEM.
5) The SSEM analyzes the study report.
6) The SSEM issues an Environmental Permission after evaluate the DIA report to
implement the project.
7) The SSEM issues an Environmental License after evaluate the EsIA report to
implement the project.
7.3
Necessity of EIA for the Study
According to the meeting with the SSEM, they will not require the DIA and/or EsIA for
small scale ecotourism projects even with facilities and infrastructure in their views.
However, it is unclear what projects will be proposed at this time when the study has
been started. Regarding to the pilot projects, an application form for the pre-analysis of
environmental evaluation would be necessary to submit to the SSEM.
7
8.
Alternatives including “without project” option
Concrete projects have not been specified in the master plan study.
Therefore,
alternatives of without project and with project are compared as shown in Table 8.1.
The with project to study the master plan has several advantages over the without
project (no master plan).
Table
Alternatives
Social
Environment
Natural
Environment
Tourism Sector
Comparisons of Alternatives
Without project (no Master Plan)
With project (Master Plan)
C
• Few local communities benefit
from the existing tourism
pattern, “all inclusive beach
resorts”
C
• Plentiful natural resources but
few appropriate utilizations as
ecotourism destinations
A
• Improvement of communities’
living condition through
communities’ participation to
the ecotourism developments
A
• Wise use and management of
natural resources
• Preservation of natural
resources
C
A
• Dependence on the all inclusive • Diversification of tourism
beach resorts
products through the
• Potential deterioration of the
ecotourism developments in the
resources due to visitor
midland
concentration to the limited
• Countrywide incorporation of
ecotourism destinations
ecotourism activities
• Disjointed activities of
ecotourism countrywide
C
Evaluation
9.
8.1
A
Result of Workshop
The study team has not held specific stakeholder meetings for environmental and social
consideration because serious impacts, involuntary resettlement and land acquisition are
not expected in the study.
Besides, the study originally aims at the environmental
conservation as one of main targets.
However, the study team held a national work shop at Santo Domingo, the capital of the
Dominican Republic.
The study team explained a framework of the study and
approaches of the study to the participants.
The study team also did considerable
meetings with key persons, NGOs and associations in the provinces through site visits all
over the country.
The study team explained the framework of study and asked about
the existing situations and issues of ecotourism in the provinces.
by ecotourism are reported in the provinces.
8
Few negative impacts
10.
Preliminary Scoping of environmental and social impact study
The study team did a scoping for the study as shown in table 10.1 and 10.2.
Serious
impacts are not expected because the projects itself include purposes and approaches to
prevent and mitigate the negative impacts of ecotourism developments on the
environments.
Table
No.
2
3
4
7
Likely Impacts
10.1
Local economy such as
employment and
livelihood, etc.
+
Land use and utilization of
local resources
B
Social institutions such as
social infrastructure and
local decision-making
institutions
Misdistribution of benefit
and damage
+
B
9
Local conflict of interests
B
18
25
Flora, Fauna and
Biodiversity
Overall Evaluation
Overall
Rating
B
Waste
B
Reason
Study policy
The study aims at improving the living standards of communities
through ecotourism developments.
Some construction of trails and The study aims at using the land
access roads could impact on
and resources wisely and
the existing land use.
appropriately.
The study approaches to ecotourism developments through
community participation. Ecotourism could contribute to
improvements of the social infrastructure.
Not all people would participate
in ecotourism activities.
Some misdistribution could
occur.
- The study approaches to
ecotourism developments
through community
participation.
- Consider contributing to public
benefit of the communities.
Not all people would participate - The study approaches to
in ecotourism activities.
ecotourism developments
Some local conflict could occur.
through community
participation.
- Consider contributing to public
benefit of the communities.
Some construction of facilities
The study aims at protecting the
and movement of visitors could natural resources by using those
impact on the natural
wisely and appropriately.
environment.
Garbage is recognizable and
Consider coordinating with local
potential problem. Operation
municipality.
and accumulation of visitors
could increase garbage.
9
Table
10.2
Matrix for Preliminary Scoping (Tourism Development)
Spatial Occupancy
Operation of Vehicles,
Ships and Airplanes
Operation and
Maintenance of Tourism
Facilities
Accumulation of People
and Goods
Involuntary Resettlement
C
C
D
C
D
D
D
+
C
+
C
+
+
+
B
B
D
C
C
B
C
+
+
C
+
C
+
C
5
Local economy such as employment and
livelihood, etc.
Land use and utilization of local resources
Social institutions such as social
infrastructure and local decision-making
institutions
Existing social infrastructures and services
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
6
The poor, indigenous and ethnic people
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
7
Misdistribution of benefit and damage
B
C
C
B
C
B
B
8
Cultural heritage
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
9
Local conflict of interests
Water Usage or Water Rights and Rights of
Common
Overall Rating
Operation of Construction
Equipment and Vehicles
The Study on the National Strategic Plan for Ecotourism
Development in the Dominican Republic
Before
In Operation
Operation
Reclamation and Spatial
Occupancy
Name of Cooperation Project
Pollution
Natural Environment
Social Environment
* the impacts on “Gender” and “Children’s Right”
might be related to all criteria of Social Environment.
No.
1
2
3
4
10
11
Likely Impacts
Sanitation
B
C
C
B
C
B
B
C
C
D
D
D
C
C
C
D
D
D
D
C
C
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
13
Hazards (Risk)
Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS
Topography and Geographical features
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
14
Soil Erosion
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
15
Groundwater
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
16
Hydrological Situation
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
17
Coastal Zone
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
18
Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity
B
B
C
C
B
C
C
19
Meteorology
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
20
Landscape
C
C
C
C
D
D
D
21
Global Warming
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
22
Air Pollution
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
23
Water Pollution
C
C
D
D
D
C
C
24
Soil Contamination
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
12
25
Waste
B
D
C
D
C
B
B
26
Noise and Vibration
C
D
C
D
C
C
C
27
Ground Subsidence
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
28
Offensive Odor
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
29
Bottom sediment
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
30
Accidents
C
D
C
D
C
C
C
Rating:
A: Serious impact is expected.
B: Some impact is expected.
C: Extent of impact is unknown (Examination is needed. Impacts may become clear as study progresses)
D: Little impact is expected or easily prevented or mitigated.
+: Positive impact is expected.
Reference:
1) Japan International Cooperation Agency (1992) “XI Tourism Development: Environmental Guidelines for Infrastructure
Projects”, Tokyo, Japan.
10
11.
Terms of reference for environmental and social consideration
As mentioned in the section 7.3 above, the SSEM will not require the DIA and/or EsIA for
the small scale ecotourism projects. However, in cases that the DIA or EsIA will be
required for some pilot projects and proposed projects in the study, the SSEM will
suggest a TOR of each project.
12.
Other relevant information
12.1 Protected Area
Protected areas are the most important resources for ecotourism developments.
are 86 national protected areas in the Dominican Republic.
the following 6 national protected areas on the Law 202-04.
uses in the protected areas are summarized in Table 12.1.
There
The SEMARN categorizes
Objectives and allowed
Table 12.2 shows the names
of national protected areas by category and sub-category.
Most protected areas are
located in the western inland of the country as shown in Figure 12.1.
6 Categories of the National Protected Areas
• I. Strict Protection Area
• II. National Parks
• III. Natural Monuments
• IV. Habitat/Species Management Areas
• V. Natural Reserves
• VI. Protected Landscape
12.2 Zoning System
The SEMARN has been studying management plans of the national protected areas.
Zoning is an important method for the management plans. For example, there are
three zones are proposed in Management Plan of Armando Bermúdez National Park
(Draft) as follows.
Typical Zones
• Primitive and Investigation Zone: limited public use (scientific studies, investigation,
monitoring and education)
• Recovery Zone: limited tourism use (education and environmental awareness)
oriented by guide
• Public and Administrative Use Zone: educational and recreational use with facilities
11
Table
12.1
Objectives and Allowed Uses of the National Protected Areas
Category
I. Strict Protection
Area
Objectives
• To protect resources and ecologically
singular natural processes of the natural
environment.
II. National Parks
•
•
•
•
III. Natural
Monuments*
IV. Habitat/Species
Management
Areas*
V. Natural
Reserves
•
•
VI. Protected
Landscape
•
•
•
Activities
• Scientific research
• Environmental monitoring
• Education
• Conservation of genetic resources
• Ecotourism
(in accordance with management and zoning
plans for the areas, infrastructures to protect
the resources, approved by the SEMARN.)
To protect the ecological integrity of one • Scientific research
or more ecosystems of great ecological • Education
relevance or scenic beauty, with/without • Recreation
forest, or with submarine life, for benefit • Nature tourism or Ecotourism
of the present and future generations
• Infrastructures for protection and
To avoid intensive operations and
investigation
occupations that alter their ecosystems
• Infrastructures for public use and
To provide the opportunities of spiritual
ecotourism
relaxation, scientific and educative
(in the zones and with specific
recreations, and tourist activities
characteristics defined by management plan
and authorized by the SEMARN
To preserve and protect specific natural • Scientific research
elements of importance for biological,
• Education
aesthetic and cultural components, in
• Recreation
their function like habitats for the
• Nature tourism or Ecotourism
reproduction of species, and potential of • Infrastructures of recreation, protection
the economic benefits that can be
and investigation
derived from the tourist activities in these • Infrastructures for public use and
areas
ecotourism
(with the specific characteristics defined by
management plan and authorized by the
SEMARN)
• Traditional uses and activities according
to the management plan and zoning.
To guarantee natural conditions to
• Controlled uses of resources
protect species, groups of species,
• Traditional uses and activities
biological communities or physical
• Education
characteristic that require artificial
• Recreation
manipulation for their perpetuation.
• Nature tourism or ecotourism
With the economic benefits derived from • Infrastructures of sustainable uses under
sustainable ecotourism activities and
the management plan
advantage from resources like the water
generation, the wood production and the
ecotourism
To maintain characteristic landscapes
• Recreation and tourism
with a harmonic interaction between
• Own economic activities of the site
humans and the earth
• Traditional uses of the ground
To conserve the natural and cultural
• productive infrastructures of houses
patrimony, and conditions of original
• preexisting activities and of
landscape
communication
To provide economic benefits derived
• New regulated tourist infrastructures
from activities and sustainable traditional
uses and ecotourism
Source: SEMARN (Law 202-04)
Note: * Article 13 describes 6 categories but 5 are in Article 14 on the Law 202-04. The categories III
and IV of Article 13 are assumed in the category III of Article 14 due to its description.
12
Table
No. I. Strict Protection Areas
A. Scientific Reserves
1 Villa Elisa
2 Ebano Verde
3 Loma Quita Espuela
4 Loma Barbacoa
5 Loma Guaconejo
6 Las Neblinas
12.2
National Protected Areas
9
A. National Parks
Armando Bermúdez
10
José del Carmen Ramírez
11
12
13
14
Nalga de Maco
Montaña La Humeadora
Lago Enriquillo e Isla Cabritos
Valle Nuevo
15
Sierra Martín García
16
Sierra de Bahoruco
17
18
Cabo Cabrón
Sierra de Neiba
No. III. Natural Monuments
A. Natural Monuments
28 Cabo Francés Viejo
29 Salto El Limón
30 Las Dunas de las Calderas
31 Las Caobas
32 Isla Catalina
33 Lagunas Cabarete y Goleta
34 Loma Isabel de Torres
35 Pico Diego de Ocampo
36 Río Cumayasa y Cueva Las
Maravillas
37 Salto de la Damajagua
38 Hoyo Claro
39 Loma La Altagracia o Loma la
Enea
40 Cabo Samaná
41 Bosque Húmedo de Río San
Juan
42 Reserva Antropológica Cuevas
de Borbón o del Pomier
43 Cerro de San Francisco
44 Los Cacheos
B. Wild Life Protection Areas
45 Monumento Natural Miguel
Domingo Fuerte
46 Cueva de los Tres Ojos de Santo
Domingo
IV. Habitat/Species
Management Areas
A. Wild Life Protection Areas
47 Río Chacuey
19
20
21
22
Los Haitises
El Morro
Del Este
Jaragua
48
49
50
51
Lagunas Redonda y Limón
Bahía Luperón
Manglares de Puerto Viejo
Cayos Siete Hermanos
23
24
Manglares del Estero Balsa
Manglares del Bajo Yuna
52
53
25
Humedales del Ozama
26
27
B. Marine National Parks
Monte Cristi
La Caleta
54
55
56
57
58
59
Laguna Saladilla
Humedales del Bajo Yaque del
Sur
Laguna Cabral o Rincón
La Gran Laguna o Perucho
Manglar de la Jina
Lagunas de Bávaro y el Caletón
Río Soco
Ría Maimón
7
B. Marine Mammal Sanctuaries
Bancos de la Plata y de la Navidad
8
Estero Hondo
II. National Parks
Source: SEMARN (Law 202-04)
13
No. V. Natural Reserves
A. Forest Reserves
60 Alto Bao
61 Alto Mao
62 Arroyo Cano
63 Cerros de Chacuey
64 Loma Novillero
65 Cabeza de Toro
66 Loma del 20
67 Villarpando
68 Guanito
80
81
82
83
69
70
71
Las Matas
Cayuco
Hatillo
72
73
Cerro de Bocanigua
Barrero
74
Río Cana
75
VI. Protected Landscape
A. Panoramic Route
Mirador del Atlántico
76
Mirador del Paraíso
77
Carretera El Abanico-Constanza
78
79
Carretera Cabral-Polo
Carretera Santiago-La
Cumbre-Puerto Plata
Carretera Bayacanes-Jarabacoa
Costa Azul
Entrada de Mao
Carretera Nagua-Sánchez y
Nagua-Cabrera
B. National Recreation Areas
84
85
86
Cabo Rojo - Bahía de las Águilas
Guaraguao - Punta Catuano
Guaigui
Source: SEMARN (Law 202-04)
Note: See Table 12.2 for the numbers and names of protected areas.
Figure
12.1
National Protected Areas (Law 202-04)
14