Slide 1
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UNIT 6: -AFRICA
Toto: Rains down in Africa
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Slide 2
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Pangaea
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• Africa’s Shape is determined
by its location in the ancient
continent of Pangaea
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• It really didn’t move as the
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continents broke apart from it
• As the continents pulled away
they helped to shape Africa's
landscape
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Slide 3
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Africa Landforms
• Continent of Plateaus
• Covered by a huge plateau
• From the coast inland most of the
continent is 1000 feet above sea level
• Really doesn’t have mountain ranges
like the other continents
• Basins and Rivers
• On the plateau are low basins
• They are huge depressions that can
span 625 miles across and reach 5,000
feet deep
• Water collects in these basins
• Many rivers flow to or through these
basins
• The Congo river basin contains a massive
river system
Slide 4
Landforms
• Africa is a large plateau with escarpments on the edges
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• An escarpment is similar to a cliff although not as steep
• Africa has a smooth coastline with few natural harbors
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Slide 5
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The Nile River
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• The longest river in the world
is the Nile River in Egypt
• Flows more than 4,000 miles also
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flows through Uganda and Sudan
• Many civilizations live along
the Nile
• Population density on the Nile is
more than 3,320 people per sq
mile, compared to 216 people
per square mile away from it
• People of Egypt have relied
on its flooding and receding
for farming for many years
Slide 6
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Africa’s Rivers
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• The plateau and basins make
many of the rivers difficult to
use
• Rivers contain many Cataracts
(waterfalls), rapids, gorges
• These features make trade
and long distant travel
difficult
• Their courses also make travel
difficult
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• The Niger river, flows north, turns
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into an inland delta, than turns
south, forms another delta and
empties to the sea
Slide 7
The Rift Valleys
• Africa doesn’t have mountain ranges, its equivalent are rift valleys
• Divergent plate activity pulled plates apart created sunken lands called the Great Rift
Valley in East Africa
• These valleys have steep walls and can stretch for miles
• Some stretch over 4,000 miles
• Rift valleys extend from The Red Sea to South Africa
• Many fill with water and form lakes at the bottom of them
• These lakes are often long and deep
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Slide 8
Lakes from the Rift Valley
• The African Great Lakes were formed in the
bottom of rift valleys
• Lake Tanganyika
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• The longest freshwater lake in
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the world
• 420 miles long
• 4,700 feet deep
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• Lake Victoria
• Africa’s Largest Lake
• Sits in a shallow basin
between rifts
• 2nd largest fresh water
lake in the world
• Only 270 feet deep
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Slide 9
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Mountains
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• Africa mountains are volcanic
• Mount Kenya, and Mount Kilimanjaro
• Both are volcanoes
• Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania at 19,341 feet
• Mt. Kenya at 17,058 feet
• Volcanic rock covers large parts of the continent
• The great escarpment
• Steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top
• Located at the southern edge of the plateau
Slide 10
Map showing major rivers in Africa
Africa has several major rivers:
A.
Serengeti River
B.
Niger River
C.
Volta River
D.
Congo River
E.
Orange River
F.
Limpopo River
G.
Zambezi River
H.
Nile River
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Slide 11
Africa Vegetation
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Slide 12
Early & Modern Areas of Food Production
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Slide 13
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Resources
• Africa is rich in mineral resources such as gold, diamonds, and alloys
• An alloy is two or more minerals mixed together
• Timber is limited to countries with tropical rainforests
• Countries on the coast have fish
• Some countries have large amounts of arable land
• Land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops
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Slide 14
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Bauxite is used to
make aluminum.
West Africa
has large deposits
of bauxite
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The green dot indicates
that South Africa is the
world’s leading producer
of gold.
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Slide 15
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Africa is the world’s largest
producer of diamonds
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Diamond mining in West Africa
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Slide 16
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Slide 17
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Natural Resources of Africa
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• A wealth and a scarcity
• Africa has an abundance of Natural
resources but lacks the industry,
infrastructure, and money to develop
them
• In Terms of Resources Africa is one of the
worlds richest continents
• Gold, Platinum, Chromium, Cobalt,
Copper, Phosphates, Diamonds, and more
are all found in massive amounts
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• South Africa is the worlds largest producer of
Chromium, an element used in stainless steel
• South Africa also produces 80% of the worlds
platinum and 30% of the gold reserves
• Ores and Minerals account for more than
half of the total value of Africa's exports
Slide 18
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Lack of Economic Success
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• Even though Africa is wealthy
when it comes to the amount of
minerals, its challenges and
history have hindered its
economic success
• European colonialism led to rapid
exports of the minerals, African
nations were left undeveloped, so
independent nations lack the
infrastructure to do it on their
own
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Slide 19
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Oil
• Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, and Angola all have access to petroleum
and lead Africa in petroleum exports
• But some countries like Gabon have access that is untapped
• Angola is an example of lack of economic return
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Slide 20
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Angola and Oil
• Recently Oil was discovered off
the coast of Angola
• Enough to make it the most oil rich
country in Africa
• American Oil Companies pay
Angola to drill that oil
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• However, political turmoil has
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• Also claimed over ½ a million
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caused that money to be spent
on a civil war that was fought
through 2002
people
• Angola is now relying on loans
from abroad to rebuild its
schools, hospitals, and other
infrastructure
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Slide 21
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Other resources
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• Coffee
• After Oil coffee is the next most
profitable commodity
• Few Africans Drink coffee, but they
produce nearly 10% of the worlds
coffee
• Lumber
• Ethiopia produces the majority of
Africa’s lumber (ranks 8th world wide)
• Logging is impacting the forests in
Africa
• Loggers clear an area the size of New
Jersey each year
• Cocoa
• Ivory Coast is worlds largest exporter
of Cocoa beans
• Sugar, Palm Oil, also major exports
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Slide 22
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Supporting the Economy
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• Agriculture is the single most important economic activity in Africa
• 2/3 of all Africans earn their living farming
• Farm products account for about 1/3 of the continents exports
• Though farming land is limited to certain areas of Africa due to
climate
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Slide 23
Climate of Africa -Warm Continent
• Most of the Continent of Africa Lies
between the Tropics
• Warm – Hot
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• 2 Seasons – Wet and Dry
• The middle of the continent runs
along the equator
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• Climates along the equator see a
• Surrounding that lies the Tropical wet
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and dry climate
• Temperatures in these areas are more
consistent throughout the full year
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tropical wet climate
• Differences between day and night
temperatures tend to be greater than the
differences between the seasons
Slide 24
Deserts
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• Three Deserts in Africa, the Namib the Kalahari and the Sahara
• Sahara is Arabic for desert
• The Sahara is about the size of the continental US
• 3,000 miles across, and 1,200 miles north to south
• Only 20 percent of the Sahara is sand
• Majority is rocky mountains, rock formations, and gravel plains
• Temps can rise about 130 degrees in summer
• Hot enough to cook an egg on the sand
• Temps in winter can drop below freezing at night
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Slide 25
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Desert Travel
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• Can take about 3 months travel on foot
• Camels are essential for desert travel
• They can go 17 days without water
• They have eyelashes that protect it from sandstorms
• They can squeeze their nostrils shut
Desert Rainfall
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• Rain may not fall in the deserts
for almost 6 years!
• Life in the Sahara relies on
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underground aquifers and oasis’
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Slide 26
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HUMAN GEOGRAPHY:
EAST AFRICA
Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda,
Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda
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Slide 27
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The Cradle of Humanity
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• Some of the earliest known
Prehistoric remains have been
found in East Africa
• Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania
• Contains the most continuous known
record of humanity
• 65 individual hominids
• Homo Habilis discovered in 1959 –
first human creatures to use tools,
lived 2 million years ago
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Slide 28
Crossroads of Humanity
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• Geographic position also makes east
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Africa the crossroads of humanity
• The Red Sea and Indian Ocean made this
a location for trade and cultural contact
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• Early Civilizations grew along or near the
coast
• Aksum (Ethiopia)
• One of the earliest trading centers in east Africa
• Made contact with Egypt and even Roman
Empire early on
• Collapsed in 6th century when traders
started trading in Persian gulf rather than
along African coast
• East Africa would again trade in 7th
century and cultures from Asia, Middle
East and Europe would flow along the
coast
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Slide 29
Imperialism – The Berlin Conference
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• In late 1884-85, the Berlin Conference divided up the nations of East Africa
• Paid no attention to traditional African tribal groups of cultures
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• Ethiopia survives
• Emperor Menelik II, protected his country from Italian invasion with weapons they had
got in trade from Russia and France
• Native Ethiopians knew the land better and defeated the Italians in 1896
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Slide 30
Independence Brings Conflict
• By the 1970s most East African nations had gained independence but
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the divisions of cultures and rivalries still existed
• Civil wars became common when Europe left
• European Nations hadn't prepared the nations for independence
• Political boundaries had created ethnic divisions
• Rival cultures would often create massive battles and bloodshed
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Slide 31
Rwanda
• When Rwanda was first settled the people
who lived there raised cattle
• If you owned more cattle you were a Tutsi
• Everyone else was a Hutu
• You could move ranks by getting more cattle
• When the Germans took control they looked at the divisions more racially
• Tutsi had more, looked more European
• Germans put the Tutsis in Charge
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• Hutus were the majority group (90%)… not happy
• When the Germans Lost WWII, they lost control of Rwanda and it went to
Belgium
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• They made matters worse by mandating ID cards labeling every person a Hutu, a Tutsi,
or a Twa (a hunter gatherer)
• Belgians gave the 10% Tutsi all of the power in Government
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• When independence started to grow, to prevent it the Belgians switched the
status, and put the Hutu’s in power
• This made the Tutsi mad and the division between the two groups would grow
Slide 32
Rwandan Genocide
• In 1994 the president of Rwanda (a Hutu)
was killed by a missile that hit his plane
• He had run a totalitarian government, which
didn’t allow Tutsis to be involved
• The Hutu blamed the attack on the Tutsi
• Within 24 hours extremist Hutu had control of the government
• The extremist leaders set up road blocks in the capitol city
• They checked IDs and killed any labeled as Tutsi
• They went door to door killing the Tutsi
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• Would Leave bodies where they were killed as a sign of disrespect
• Estimated 800,000 – 1,000,000 were killed
• Lasted only 100 days
• Ended when a Tutsi resistance group came in and took control of the
government
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Slide 33
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Economies Post Europe
• Agriculture is the foundation of East African economies
• Rely on cash crops
• Coffee, tea, and sugar
• Sold directly to outside countries
• Use up farmland for subsistence crops that are needed for survival in Africa
• Economies unstable because crop prices change world wide regularly
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Slide 34
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Urbanization
• Just like every country around the world, people are moving to cities
for better economic activities
• Addis Ababa capitol of Ethiopia has grown by more than 1 million
people in 10 years
• Cities are not prepared for rapid growth so urban problems exist
• Agriculture workers are leaving impacting agricultural production
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Slide 35
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Tourism
• One of the other main economic activities in East Africa
• World Famous Wild Life Parks
• Actually started by Europeans as hunting reserves. (Native Africans didn’t need
reserves because they only hunted for survival and not for sport)
• Now the parks are used for wildlife growth and tourism
• Millions of dollars each year are brought in
• Wild Life Parks create conflict because they use valuable farm land
• Growing populations in East Africa require more food. Farmers want to shrink the
reserves to use the farm land.
• Farmers have started farming right up
to the borders of the reserves
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Slide 36
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The Melting Pot
• Many different cultural groups live in East Africa
• Over 160 different ethnic groups
• Region a diverse mixture of traditional African cultures
• Two major ethnic groups in East Africa: Masai and Kikuyu
• Masai live in the grassland rift valleys herding animals
• The Kikuyu are the largest ethnic group in Kenya, mainly herders
• About 6.6 million people
• Live mainly around Mount Kenya
a variety of Jobs
• Still wear clothing made from
•
•
•
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• Now live throughout Kenya and work
through imperialism
•
Masai
Kikuyu
Masai
• Traditional customs carried
calfskin or buffalo hide
Women wear long skirt robes
Men wear shorter robes
Grease the robes with cow fat
for protection from sun and rain
Well known for their beadwork
and jewelry
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• During colonial rule the Kikuyu
organized a society to fight against
the British
Kikuyu
• Mau Mau,
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• Started a rebellion in 1952 that lasted
almost 8 years
• Over 11,000 were killed by the British
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Slide 37
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HUMAN GEOGRAPHY:
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan,
Sudan, Tunisia.
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Slide 38
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Egypt
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• Early civilization grew in North Africa primarily because of the Nile River
• A Cultural Hearth – where ideas and innovations come together to shape a region and
those ideas spread through cultural diffusion
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• Egyptians were able to create a massive civilization because of the Nile River
• Egypt has been called the “Gift of the Nile”
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Slide 39
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Egypt and The Nile
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• Egyptians have been living
around the Nile since 3300 BC
• People were able to create a
civilization because they were able to
farm along the Nile
• Around 3100 BC Egypt became
united under a strong king
• Beginning of the Egyptian dynasties
• Over the next 2,600 30 dynasties
would rule Egypt
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• Rulers were called pharaohs and were
worshiped as Gods
• Temples and tombs were built to
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honor them
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Slide 40
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The Nile spreads Culture
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• Egyptians used the Nile to travel
through Egypt and Africa
• They also moved into the Red Sea
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and Mediterranean Sea
• Cultures were influenced back and
forth
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• Its believed that many of the Egyptian
techniques of writing, farming, and
city building were influenced by the
Mesopotamians of South West Asia
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• Egyptians would pioneer and
spread culture
• Geometry in farming to harness the
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river
• Medicine
• Healing broken bones
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Slide 41
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North Africa Religion
• Proximity brings religion
• Location near Southwest Asia and the
Mediterranean Sea brought Invaders
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• Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians, Turks
• In 632 Muslims started spreading the
religion through conquest and trade
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• Muslim invaders from Southwest Asia
brought Islam to the region and by
750 AD Muslims controlled most of
North Africa
• The Region was tied together through
a system of trade networks
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• This also allowed for connections with
Europe and South West Asia
Slide 42
Economy of North Africa
• North Africa went from an agricultural society to a cash crop society to
mining, to distribution of oil
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• Oil has transformed the economies of major nations in the North
• Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia have all been impacted by oil production
• Oil is the largest export in Algeria & Libya
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• Both supply the European Union
• Libya’s population cannot support the need for workers
• Not enough education and training
• Oil companies are forced to give the high paying jobs to foreign workers
• Money doesn’t stay in the country
• Local workers can’t get jobs and unemployment stays high
• Many North Africans have migrated to Europe in search of work
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Slide 43
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Culture in North Africa
• Souks
• Marketplaces – common features of
North Africa
• Country Souks
• Open early in morning, tents,
storytellers, musicians, fortunetellers
• City Souks
• Located in the old section of a city or
town
• The Medina
• Long narrow winding streets
• Marrakesh, Morocco
• High pressure sales, be willing to
bargain for the lowest Price
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• Bright colored clothes, food, spices,
animals
Slide 44
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Music of North Africa
• Algeria is home to Rai
• Developed in 1920s by poor urban
children
• Carefree and centered around topics
for youth
• Fast Paced and had western influences
• Before Algerian Independence in
1962 resentment towards the
French was written into the music
• After independence the government
tried to ban Rai
• Traditional Islamic Fundamentalists
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criticize Rai’s western influence
• Rai is often used to rebel against
Islamic fundamentalists
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• Women
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Slide 45
Women in North Africa
• Recently the role of women in North
Africa has changed
• Previously
• North African Households centered around the
males
• Men went to work and few women had jobs
• In Tunisia Women are having a changing role
• Women's rights have improved
•
•
•
•
•
Polygamy abolished
Penalty for spouse abuse
Women can ask for divorce
Equal pay for women in equal Jobs
No more preteen arranged marriages
• More women are getting professional jobs
• Women hold 20% of parliament seats
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• Women manage a large number of businesses
in Tunisia
Slide 46
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HUMAN GEOGRAPHY:
WEST AFRICA
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger,
Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo
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Slide 47
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Introduction to West Africa
• The Trading Kingdoms
• Three kingdoms thrived in West Africa because of their location on trade
routes across the Sahara
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• Ghana
• Mali
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• Songhai
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• West Africa along Niger River
• Farming Society known as Soninke
• Joined together for Protection
• Created the Kingdom of Ghana
Slide 48
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Location, Location, Location
• Ghana was in a perfect
location for trade
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• Sahara Desert in North
• Gold
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Slide 49
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Salt and Gold
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• Gold is Beautiful
• Salt is necessary
• Kings wanted gold
• Gives flavor to food
• Valuable worldwide
• Acts as a Preservative
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Slide 50
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Controlling trade
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• Ghana gets more power
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through trade
• Built up armies and weapon
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supplies
• Took complete control of
trade
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• Established Markets in
Ghana
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• Rulers increased personal
gold supplies and created
larger armies
Slide 51
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Rise of Islam in Ghana & West Africa
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• Trade in Ghana brought people from all over the world
• Arab traders from East brings religion to Ghana
• Islam Spread through West Africa
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• In 1060 Almoravids attack Ghana
• Muslim group wanted to force leaders to convert to Islam
• Weakened kingdom of Ghana by cutting off trade routes
• Ghana falls soon after
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• Islam remains and becomes most practiced religion
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in West Africa
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Slide 52
Rise to Power the Kingdom of Mali
300 AD Ghana
Formed
Around 1040
Ghana Falls
Around 1230
Kingdom of Mali
• Not long after Ghana Falls another kingdom rises near by
• Mali was located right on Niger River
• Kingdom controlled river trade
• By controlling trade the empire grew rich and
•
•
•
•
powerful
Conquered surrounding kingdoms
Mansa Musa becomes Mali’s most famous ruler
Helped Mali reach its full power
Ruled for about 25 years
• 1312- 1337
• Created important trade cities
• Timbuktu, Djenne, and Gao
• In 1324 he left Mali to do the Hajj
• Pilgrimage to Mecca
• Islamic ritual to travel to Mecca once in Lifetime
1492 Columbus
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Slide 53
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Mansa Musa helped Mali Prosper
• Mansa Musa introduced Mali to the World
• Helped Islam spread through West Africa
• Created learning centers
• Stressed study of Qur’an
• Learning to read and write Arabic
• Brought back artists and architects to build
mosques
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• After the death of Mansa Musa Mali lost a
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lot of its power
• By 1500 nearly all of the lands Mali
controlled were lost
• Only a small little piece of land remained
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Slide 54
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Songhai Empire
• In 1300 AD Mansa Musa had conquered the rival kingdom of Songhai
• When Mail Weakened in 1400s the Songhai rose to power
• Gained independence from Mali and took over most of it
• Muhammad Ture became the Greatest ruler of Songhai
• Chose the title Askia
• Military rank
• Askia the Great
• He was a devout Muslim
• Took control and increased power of
main cities of Gao and Timbuktu
• Great education centers of Africa
• Created a strong central Government
• Professional army
• States with state governments
Slide 55
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Songhai Decline
• Askia The Great died
• Songhai lost control of
lands
• Taken over by Morocco
from North Africa
• Took over Timbuktu and
Gao
• Changed trade routes
causing the ultimate
collapse of Songhai
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Slide 56
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Other Nations in Early West Africa
• Stateless societies
• People rely on family lineages to
govern themselves, rather than an
elected monarch or government
• People in the family cooperate and
share power to get work done
• Igbo of Southeast Nigeria
• Ruled by the family line
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• Had trouble when it faced
colonization from Europe who
expected one ruler to govern the
society
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Slide 57
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West Africa Today
• Economy
• Trade is as important today as it was
for the early kingdoms
• Economy is based on sale of products to
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industrialized nations
• Because trade fluctuates some
countries have very unstable
economies
• Sierra Leone
• Some of the worst economic conditions
in the region
• Has some of the highest quality
diamonds in the world
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• Civil war and political turmoil has made
trade difficult
• Low education (35% Literacy Rate)
leaves no workers
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• Poor transportation systems
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Slide 58
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Ghana
• Ghana is a stable trading country
• Exports gold, diamonds, magnesium,
and bauxite
• Ghana produces 2x what some of the
poorest countries do
• Expected to increase oil production
• Reasons:
• Political stability began earlier
• Election process has worked fair and
free since 1992
• Focused on education
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Slide 59
West African Culture
• Asasia –Kente Cloth
• Colorful woven cloth
• Contain geometric features
• Carries specific meaning
• Usually only warn by royalty
• Made by Ashanti people of Ghana
• Ashanti also famous for masks and
carved wooden stools
• Benin people (not of Benin but of Nigeria)
• Artists who would make beautiful objects of
metal or terra cotta
• Most significant work is made from brass and are called
• Benin “Bronzes”
• Statues, Masks, Jewelry
Slide 60
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West African Music
• Music is a large part of West Africa
• West African music has also become an
important influence on world music
• A blend of African Music with
mixtures of American Jazz, Blues,
and Reggae
• Which all got there origins from West
Africa because of the Slave Trade and
continued contact between the two
regions
• Often use English or French lyrics to
attract international attention
• The Kora is common in West African
music
• Originated in Guinea-Bissau
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Slide 61
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Geography of Early South Africa
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• Majority of people living in South
Africa arrived via the Bantu Migration
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• Shona people came and established a
city called Great Zimbabwe
• From the 1200s-1400s gold was traded
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and the city grew
• 1450 the city was abandoned possibly
because of overgrazing and over farming
• Mutapa Empire
• Formed when Mutota left Great
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Zimbabwe and settled in a valley to the
north
• Founded a new state to replace Great
Zimbabwe, when he died it covered
almost all of present day Zimbabwe
• Mutapa thrived on the gold trade until
1500 AD when the Portuguese arrived and
interfered with the politics there
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Slide 62
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Europeans in Southern Africa
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• The Dutch were the first to move to
South Africa in the 1600s
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• They clashed with the early ethnic
groups and each fought against each
other
• In the 1700 and the 1800s more
Europeans came in and met resistance
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• One of the largest groups were the Zulu
• The British first fought the Zulu people and
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by the late 19th century the British
controlled all the land of the Zulu
• The British then fought the Dutch
farmers, known as the Boers, in the
Boer Wars
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• In 1902 the British won and created the
Union of South Africa
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Slide 63
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Apartheid
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• In 1948 the white minority
government of South Africa
instituted a policy of Apartheid
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• Complete segregation of races
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• No social contact
• Separate schools, hospitals,
neighborhoods
• Blacks made up 75% of the
population but received the
smallest % of land
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Slide 64
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African National Congress (ANC)
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• In 1912 South African blacks
formed a political union called
the ANC to fight for their rights
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• Would use political demonstrations
to fight for their rights
• In 1949 a leader would rise and
make a large push for rights
• Nelson Mandela
• Made public demonstrations to get
more rights, which landed him in
serious trouble with the government
• He received a life sentence and was
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put in prison
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Slide 65
Pressure to end Apartheid
• In the 1980s the world put pressure on South Africa to end the Apartheid
• In 1989 a new president would be elected who would encourage a change
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• F.W. de Klerk
• Throughout the 1990s the South Africa would go through a peaceful revolution
and end the Apartheid
• Nelson Mandela would be released from prison after 27 years
• Elections with both races took place in 1994
• Nelson Mandela won the election and became the first black president
• In 1996 the government passed a new democratic constitution that protects the
rights of ALL citizens
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Slide 66
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Economy of South Africa
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• South African nations have some
of the most advanced economic
systems in Africa
• But they still struggle as Apartheid
has left huge economic divisions
between whites and blacks
• Blacks usually get the worst jobs,
least productive land, and attend
the worst schools
• Effects of Apartheid
• When it was in place many foreign
countries ban trade in South Africa
• Also created a gap in education as
blacks went to the poor schools
• Creating two social classes in South
Africa even when Apartheid ends
Slide 67
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South African Social Classes
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• Upper-middle income
economy like the United
States
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• Great cities with huge industries
exist
• Johannesburg and Cape Town
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• Modern cities much like America
• Modern farms and ranches
• Poverty Stricken South Africa
• Shanty Towns
• Fill rural cities
• Housing shortages
• Unequal land distribution
Slide 68
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Price of Success
• Botswana
• Fought for independence in 1966 and
won and over the next 30 years they
would raise their national income
• Found diamonds and became a major
diamond producer
• Diamonds account for ½ the governments
revenue
• But the distribution of the wealth has
caused problems
• As it does in many African nations
• Most the people of the country work as
farmers and don’t see the diamond
money
• Small minority get money
• Poor farmers have to sell land to the
wealthy, and have to move to less
productive lands
• Leading to the a decrease in food
production,
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• 50% of its food has to be imported of given
for international aid
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Slide 69
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Modern Life in South Africa
• Johannesburg is a modern city
much like an American city
___________________________________
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• 6 million people
• Many live modern lives work as
Doctors or Lawyers and business
people
___________________________________
• These people make up the Upper
Middle Class and live in the tree
lined suburbs that look like
American suburbs
• Many Blacks on the other hand,
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because of the Apartheids legacy,
still work the low paying low skill
jobs
• Live in the Shantytowns
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Slide 70
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Health Care in Africa
___________________________________
• Imperialism has had its effect
on development in Africa but
quality of life is heavily
impacted by the health care
challenges
• A variety of diseases affect
Africa
___________________________________
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• AIDS
• Cholera
• Malaria
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• Tuberculosis
• Each has its own challenges and
reasons for spreading
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Slide 71
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Cholera
___________________________________
• Infection in the Intestine, Causes
diarrhea and vomiting
• Death comes from rapid dehydration
___________________________________
and electrolyte imbalance
• Infection that is spread by
Inadequate sanitation and lack of
clean water supply
• Fatal if not treated
• 2000 – 2001 flooding caused an
outbreak of Cholera in
Mozambique
___________________________________
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• International relief efforts helped
prevent spreading
Slide 72
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Malaria
___________________________________
• Chills and Fever and headache that
•
•
•
•
can lead to a coma and can be
fatal
Carried and spread by Mosquitoes
Places with low economic
development are often more
impacted by malaria
Become resistant to standard
drugs because of over use of those
drugs in the past several decades
No effective vaccine has been
developed
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Slide 73
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Fight Against Diseases
___________________________________
• Countries from around the world
have been working together
• To Fight Malaria African nations have
been using SPRAYING TECHNIQUES
since the 1930s
• Vaccine Programs have been created to
help get vaccinations to children in
Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe
• Global Fund for Children’s Vaccine
pledged more than $250 Million dollars
• Improving Health Care Systems
• Gabon is using oil revenue to improve
health care
• African Development fund approved a
loan of nearly $12.3 million dollars to
help Mozambique improve its hospitals
and clinics
Slide 74
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HIV & AIDS in Africa
• The most severe disease in Africa (has become a pandemic)
• An uncontrollable outbreak of a disease affecting a large
population over a wide geographic area
• 67 percent of the worlds adult AIDS cases are in Africa
• 90 Percent of all new cases of children with AIDS are in Africa
• AIDS is often accompanied by Tuberculosis, a respiratory
infection that is one of the more common reasons for death
in AIDS victims
___________________________________
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• In 2008 AIDS took the lives of around 2 million people
worldwide
• About 1.4 million lived in Africa
• In Swaziland 3 out of every 4 deaths was attributed to AIDS
___________________________________
• Life expectancy has dropped from 58 years to 37 years old
• in 2008 22.4 million people in Africa were living with HIV or AIDS
• Uganda
• In 1997 Uganda began to offer same day HIV tests and education programs
• Infection rates among 15 to 24 year olds dropped by 50%
• South Africa has the most severely affected area with AIDS
• Zimbabwe and Botswana about 25% of all adults were infected with HIV in 2006
• In 1994 the life expectancy in Botswana was 60 years
• In 1999 it declined to 39 years
• Because of education and medicine it has risen above 61 since then
• Caused economic trouble as many of the highly skilled workers ended up dying of the disease
Slide 75
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Economic Impact of Disease
___________________________________
• People who are sick…. Work
less, or don’t work
• Earn Less
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• Poverty Increases
• Economists predicted that by
2010 the GDP of South Africa
would be 17% lower than it
would have been if not for AIDS
• AIDS Care is expensive
___________________________________
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• UN program, UNAIDS, studies the
AIDS epidemic
• Estimates that $4.63 BILLION
dollars will be needed to fight AIDS
in Africa
Slide 76
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Recent Stats
___________________________________
• UNAIDS says that the number of
people newly infected with HIV
in sub-Saharan Africa in 2008
has dropped to 1.9 million
people from 2.3 million people
in 2001
• Drop might be from education
programs but UNAIDS cautions
that it might mean that almost as
many people are dying of AIDS as
are being infected with HIV
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• More improvement in
Education and Health Care is
needed for future progress and
change and quality of life
improvement
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