5/9/2016
Does that Look Right to You?:
Parking's Role in Protecting the
American Homeland
Alex Smith, M.A.
Operations Program Supervisor
Phoenix‐Mesa Gateway Airport Authority
5/18/2016
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What in the world does parking have to do with Homeland Security?
EVERYTHING!
• Many terrorist acts have been committed in parking related areas
World Trade Center Bombing – 1993
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Underground Parking Facility
Oklahoma City Bombing – 1995
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Delivery Zone underneath Federal Building
Madrid Airport – 2006 •
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Terminal Parking Area
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Could anything have been done to prevent these tragedies?
Yes, HOWEVER….
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If there’s a will, there is a way
* No matter how much planning and practice go into preparing for a terrorist incident, someone who is determined to cause harm, unfortunately, will
• BUT….
* We can mitigate this risk by ensuring we are as prepared as possible should the worst happen
Objectives for this presentation
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Learn what behaviors or activities constitute suspicious behavior.
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Learn how to classify and report threats.
Be able to formulate or improve a facility security plan.
Background
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Case Study #1 – World Trade Center Bombing
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Parking Garage beneath the Twin Towers
February 26, 1993, 12:18pm
6 Deaths from blast
Bomb cutoff all Primary and Back‐Up systems within the buildings
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Electrical, Elevators, PA System, etc.
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Ramzi Yousef – Al‐Qaida Terrorist, Attack Mastermind
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Intended to bring down both towers
Utilized rental “Ryder Truck” to transport device
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References
QUENEMOEN, L. E., DAVIS, Y. M., Malilay, J., SINKS, T., NOJI, E. K., & KLITZMAN, S. (1996). The World Trade Center Bombing: Injury Prevention Strategies for High‐rise Building Fires. Disasters, 20(2), 125‐132.
Case Study #2: Oklahoma City Bombing
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Truck Bomb parked in a underground loading zone
April 19, 1995, 9:02 am
Ryder truck packed with over 4,000 lbs of high explosives (ammonium nitrate)
168 deaths, over 700 injuries Partial Building Collapse
Terry Nichols and Timothy McVey – Criminal masterminds
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References
Hogan, D. E., Waeckerle, J. F., Dire, D. J., & Lillibridge, S. R. (1999). Emergency department impact of the Oklahoma City terrorist bombing.Annals of emergency medicine, 34(2), 160‐167.
Mitigation, Response, & Changes
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Increased Building Security
• Federal Protective Service (FPS)
Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF)
• FBI Led
• Incorporates all aspects of preventing terrorism
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Facility Design
• Blast Mitigation
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Intelligence
Investigations
Search Warrants
Arrests
Help buildings remain intact
Ingress/Egress
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Public & Emergency Responders
Preparedness • Emergency Planning
• Drills
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Threats to Parking
Crime
Terrorism
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Active Shooters
Robberies
Drugs
Human Trafficking
Bombings
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Assaults
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VBIEDs
Suicide Bombers
CBRN
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Biological Aerosols
Poison Gas
“Dirty Bombs”
Behavior and Activities
7 Signs of Terrorism
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Developed by the Michigan State Police
Provides a basic understanding of how terrorists go about planning an attack
There are multiple variations of this “attack framework” across the country
Reference (Signs 1‐7):
https://www.emich.edu/cerns/downloads/cert/Seven_Signs_of_Terrorism.htm
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1. Surveillance
Individuals will gather details/intelligence about a specific site by:
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Taking notes
Watching activity patterns
Using cameras or cellphones to take photos or record video
Making public record requests for layouts/blueprints
2. Elicitation
In this stage individuals will try and talk to staff members or individuals who utilize a building or site that may be a potential target and ask about vulnerabilities such as:
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What’re the day to day activities like?
Is security tight in the facility?
How often do deliveries come and how are they received?
3. Tests of Security
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Attempts to breach restricted areas, activate security protocols, or incite an emergency response in order to find vulnerabilities
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4. Acquiring Supplies
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Gathering all necessary materials in order to conduct an attack. Includes everything from explosive components, to stolen uniforms, and even identification documents.
5. Suspicious people who don’t belong
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Individuals that are out of place, do not seem like they fit into a specific area, or behave in an unusual way
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Example: Someone taking photographs of a nuclear plant from the perimeter fence
6. Dry or Trial Runs
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Prior to an attack, those involved will “walk through” how they will carry out their operation
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7. Deploying Assets or Getting into Position
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The final step: All personnel, equipment, weapons, and assets are put into position before the zero hour. •
At this stage, while it is very late, an attack can be stopped and/or mitigated
Classifying and Reporting Threats
Classifying Threats
Federal Level
State/ Local Level
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Law Enforcement
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Intelligence
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DHS, TSA, NSA, etc.
Law Enforcement
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HSI, BATF, FBI, Marshals, etc.
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Homeland Security Bureaus
Intelligence
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Fusion Centers
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Reporting – Federal Level
“See Something, Say Something” Campaign
Tip Lines/Forms
Reporting – State and Local Level
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Fusion Centers/State Campaigns
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Law Enforcement
Tip Lines
Online Forms
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Tip Lines
Interaction with local agencies
Reporting – Facility and Company Level
• Facility/Company Security Specific Reporting Channels
In‐person, Phone, Email
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PMGAA – MyAirport
* TSA Driven Campaign
* Allows for Phone/Email Tip Support
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Security/Emergency Plans
The Basics of a Security Plan
Structure
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Risk Assessment
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Plans for:
Operational Considerations
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Threats
Preservation of Life & Property
Design Implications/Factors
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Type of Business/Operations
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Size
Organization
Facility Layout
Example ‐ Security Plan
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Employee Vetting/Training
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Background Checks
In‐depth training
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Identification Media
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Access Control
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Gates, Doors, Access Points
Proximity cards
Facility Surveillance
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Badges
Security Patrols
Inspections
Threat Response
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Bomb Threat Active Shooter
Stolen Vehicle
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The Basics of an Emergency Plan
Structure
• Risk Assessment
• Operational Considerations
• Plans for:
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Life Safety
Facility Safety Preservation of Life & Property
Design Implications/Factors
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Type of Business/Operations
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Size
Organization
Facility Layout
Example – Facility Emergency Plan
https://www.ready.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/EmergencyResponsePlan.pdf
What’s our end goal?
Mitigate risk to ensure that when the worst happens, we are able to minimize the loss of life, property, and ensure continuity of operations
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5/9/2016
Questions?
THANK YOU!
For questions/concerns/comments please reach out!
Alex Smith, M.A.
Operations Program Supervisor
Phoenix Mesa‐Gateway Airport Authority
(480) 988‐7640
[email protected]
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