Structure des données utiles des
groupes ethnographiques
d'agriculture de subsistance dans une
perspective ethno-archéologique
(données Murdock).
Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
ANR-09-CEP-004-01
•
Références
– Gray JP. 1999.A corrected ethnographic atlas. World Cultures 10(1):2485.
– Murdock GP.1967. Ethnographic Atlas. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University
Press.
Localisations des 62 groupes agriculteurs (4685%)-chasseurs (6-35%)
Références
Gray JP. 1999.A corrected ethnographic atlas. World Cultures 10(1):24-85.
Murdock GP.1967. Ethnographic Atlas. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press.
Economie
HUNTING (r) × AGRICULTURE (c) %
46-55
56-65
66-75
76-85
Total
6-15
10
34
12
1
57
16-25
0
2
1
0
3
26-35
2
0
0
0
2
12
36
13
1
62
Total
Types d’installation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dépendance agricole %
Nombre d’habitants
Par degré de hiérarchie juridictionnelle
Par type d’habitat prédominant (plan au sol)
Par type d’habitat prédominant (plan au niveau de
l’étage)
Différence d’occupation (genre) dans l’élevage
Transfert de résidence au mariage
Organisation domestique
Composition matrimoniale
Types d’habitats par dépendance agricole
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) × AGRICULTURE (c) %
46-55 56-65 66-75 76-85 Total
Semi-sedentary
2
2
0
0
4
Neighbor. of dispersed family
2
17
4
1
24
3
9
1
0
13
Compact and relativ. permanent settlem.
5
8
8
0
21
Total
12
36
13
1
62
homestead
Separated hamlets forming single
commu.
Types d’habitats par nombre d’habitants
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) × MEAN SIZE LOCAL COMMUNITIES (c)
Miss. <50
50-99 100-199 200-399 400-1000Total
Semi-sedentary
2
0
0
0
0
2
4
Neighbor. of
dispersed family
homestead
16
0
1
4
2
1
24
Separated hamlets
forming single
commu.
10
0
0
1
1
1
13
Compact and relativ.
Permament settlem.
10
1
0
4
4
2
21
Total
38
1
1
9
7
6
62
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) ×
JURISDICTIONAL HIERARCHIE BEYOND LOCAL COMMUNITY (c)
Miss. No levels
1 level 2 level
3 level
4 level Total
Semi-sedentery
0
1
1
2
0
0
4
Neighbor. of
dispersed family
homestead
2
4
10
4
3
1
24
Separated hamlets
forming single
commu.
0
3
7
2
1
0
13
Compact and
relativ. permament
settlem.
0
5
6
10
0
0
21
Total
2
13
24
18
4
1
62
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) ×
Total
2
0
4
Neighbor.of dispersed family
homestead
2
15
1
5
1 24
Separated hamlets forming
single commu.
0
11
0
2
0 13
Compact relativ.permanent
settlem.
0
14
2
5
0 21
2
42
3
14
1 62
Miss.
Total
around
0
Quadrang.
2
square
0
elongated
Semi-sedentary
Circular
inner court
Rectang. or
Elliptical or
PREVAILING TYPE DWELLING: GROUND PLAN (c)
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) ×
Total
substantially
l f
Raised
slightly or on
by ground
Elevated
Floor formed
or semi
Miss.
Subterranean
PREVAILING TYPE DWELLING: FLOOR LEVEL (c)
Semi-sedentary
0
2
2
0
0
4
Neighbor.of dispersed family
homestead
2
1
21
0
0
24
Separated hamlets forming
single commu.
0
0
12
1
0
13
Compact relativ.permanent
settlem.
Total
0
2
16
2
1
21
2
5
51
3
1
62
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) ×
Total
Absent
participati
Females +
=
b t
ted
Males +
Males
Miss.
Differentia
SEXE DIFFERENCE ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (c)
Semi-sedentary
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
4
Neighbor.of dispersed
6
6
5
5
1
1
0
24
4
4
5
0
0
0
0
13
7
6
2
1
3
0
2
21
18
17
14
6
4
1
2
62
family homestead
Separated hamlets
forming single commu.
Compact relativ.
permanent settlem.
Total
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) × TRANSFER OF
Total
wife's group
Husband to
group or
either
group
Couple to
husband's
Wife to
RESIDENCE AT MARRIAGE (Aft. 1yr, c)
Semi-sedentary
2
0
2
4
Neighbor.of dispersed family
20
4
0
24
13
0
0
13
17
3
1
21
52
7
3
62
homestead
Separated hamlets forming single
commu.
Compact relativ. permanent
settlem.
Total
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) ×
Total
Large extended
families
Small extended
families
Min. (stem)
extended
families
Polygy. usual
co-wives pat.
Polygy. unusual
co-wives pat.
Independent
nuclear
family
occasionally
polygamous
Independent
nuclear
family
monogamous
DOMESTIC ORGANIZATION (c)
Semi-sedentary
0
1
0
0
0
2
1
4
Neighbor.of dispersed
0
4
2
9
1
7
1
24
0
0
1
6
0
4
2
13
2
2
1
4
1
5
6
21
2
7
4
19
2
18
10
62
family homestead
Separated hamlets
forming single commu.
Compact
relativ.permanent
settlem.
Total
Non-sororal,
cowives same
dwel
Total
sororal,
cowives
separ dwel
Non-sororal,
cowives separ
dwel
Indep.
nuclear
occasional
poly
Prefer.
sororal,
cowives
same
d
l
Prefer.
Indep.
nuclear
monogamous
SETTLEMENT PATTERNS (r) × MARITAL COMPOSITION (c)
Semi-sedentary
0
1
2
0
0
1
4
Neighbor.of
dispersed family
homestead
1
8
0
1
10
4
24
Separated
hamlets forming
single commu.
1
0
0
0
10
2
13
Compact
elativ.permanent
settlem.
2
4
1
2
10
2
21
4
13
3
3
30
9
62
Total
Type d’élevage prédominant
• Différence de genre dans l’élevage
PREDOMINANT TYPE ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (r) ×
Total
Absent
Females+
participation
=
Differentiated
but =
Males+
Miss.
Males
SEXE DIFFERENCE IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (c)
Missing
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Absence large dom.
Animals
Pigs
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
Sheeps / goats
2
2
0
0
2
0
0
6
Equine animals
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
4
Bovine (cattle, mithun,
water buffalo, yaks)
13
14
12
6
2
0
0
47
Total
18
17
14
6
4
1
2
62