UDC 811,161 '373 '373 .7 .7 +811.162.1
Stanislavova L.L.
DOUBLE ACTUALIZATION OF PHRASEOLOGISMS: FORMS OF
REALIZATION
The contradiction between the general phraseological value (or
phraseological units - FU) and its dissected form creates favorable conditions for
various FU transformations. On today linguistics phenomenon of transformation
phraseology paid much attention. In the famous Ukrainian linguistics is the study
of the transformation of PI fiction, owned by JS Hnatiuk, ZV Koloyiz, VD
Uzhchenku, LF Scherbachuk in journalism - Andreychenko AA, NA and .
Kochukoviy, in Russian linguistics is the study of M. Bakin, VP Kovalev, M. Shan
and others. In much of the phraseology of research transform phraseological units
are divided into two main groups: structural-semantic and semantic. The typology
of structural and semantic transformations proprietorship, the mechanism of
structural and semantic changes described in full detail, developed detailed
classification techniques of structural and semantic transformation proprietorship,
the features of the application of these techniques within some individual style (LG
Avksentev, AM Melerovych , VM Mokienko, VD Uzhchenko, M. Shan, etc.), but
on semantic transformations that can be said. Today, most researchers considered
valid selection within the semantic transformation phraseology of its two main
varieties - the actual semantic transformation and double-actualization, though
some scholars attributed to frazeolohy-semantic transformation only doubleactualization phenomenon [see. 4, p. 270-271]. In fact commonly understood
semantic transformation of occurrence within the meaning of phraseological
additional semantic and stylistic shades or complete change this value. Dual
actualization is defined as the technique is based on a double perception: harping
on the value of PI and the literal meaning of its prototype AC or harping on the
value of PI and the literal meaning of one, two or three components [7, p. 13].
The term "dual update" proposed by LM Boldyrev. He posluhovuyutsya I.
Dubinsky, A. Kunin, I. Panasevych-Gnatyuk more. However, researchers use other
terms: "the combination of literal and figurative idiomatic meanings" (I. Popov, M.
Shan), "semantic duality established phrase" (MO Bakin), "phraseological puns"
(V. N. Vakurov), "bukvalizatsiya values phraseology" (MA Alefirenko) and others.
Analysis of phraseological research shows that in linguistics still not
produced enough systems precise understanding of the types of dual update, its
mechanism of volume phraseology to be different types of double-actualization
and so on. Requires systematic terminology used to describe this phenomenon. It
makes reference to the relevance of the study of Double problems updating
phraseology.
The aim of our study - to identify contextual factors that contribute to the
acceptance of dual update, construction classification types double update
phraseology, attempts to resolve the relationship between the concepts of "dual
update", "semantic transformation", "structural and semantic transformation"
phraseology.
Object of study - phraseological units Ukrainian language, recorded in
modern literary, journalistic texts, obtained by continuous sampling.
Purpose of the study - phraseological units, subject to the texts dual update.
Methods predefined purpose, objectives, and the material analyzed: 1) the method
of linguistic description, the essence of which lies in the inventory and ordering of
linguistic units, 2) a method of component analysis is used to determine the
semantic structure of the studied phraseology and semantic changes in
phraseology, and 3) the method of valence- distributive analysis, which provides
identification of factors that affect the actualization of values studied in the context
of FL.
Double update - a stylistic device that consists in the deliberate creation of
contextual conditions under which a particular phrase is seen as a phraseologism of
phraseological meaning, and as a free combination of words that implement free
lexical meaning. Free Shuttle words are etymological prototype phraseologism
(etymon phraseologism, FL). In double update is quickening, "restoration" inner
form, shaped base phraseologism. Thus, the dual update may be subject
phraseological units in which the internal form, which forms the basis of figurative
idiomatic meaning is preserved. Background - a piece of text that is necessary to
understand the value of items included in it [cf. 6, p. 19]. On the one hand, the dual
context of mainstreaming believe the text is sufficient to grasp the fact of dual
update, it can be a sentence or group of sentences. On the other hand, the context
of double-actualization consists of idiomatic context and context etymon
phraseologism. Phraseological context - a phraseological unity and the element or
elements of a text fragment, which actually actualize phraseological meaning idiomatic aktualizatoriv. Accordingly, the dual update text item contains a context
etymon FL, consisting of phrases phraseological consonant and aktualizatoriv
lexical meaning of its components - aktualizatoriv etymon FL. Etymon
phraseological units can be represented explicitly in the fragment of text (currentphrase and phrase-phraseologism etymon) or implicitly (available only phrase-
phraseologism). It seems worthwhile to find out what language are used in the
function aktualizatoriv to implement a dual update in text.
And phraseology, and its etymon in some text are used each in their content
area, the "set" the value of PI and its etymon. These thematic areas for lexical and
semantic levels correlate with lexical-semantic microfield (LSMP) that combine
incorporates lexical-semantic variants associated one segment of reality and have
the same or different chastynomovne expression, they may belong within the field
one thematic group may be in the system of lexical relations, relations hypohiperonimiyi in associative-semantic relations. These relations are represented in
text or links phraseologism FL etymon of tokens, combinations of tokens, which
are acting aktualizatoramy idiomatic meaning and significance etymon FL.
Analyze the text, which is realized taking double update: - Because you're
young and Spiritless - said Antonyha as tough. «–Бо ти молодий і бездухий, –
сказала Антониха так само жорстко. –І хоч у школах учився, а голови в
тебе нема. Іди спати, а я тебе замкну. Але голова на плечах у Григорія
Комарницького була, недаремно вона склала пісню про комара, який
оженився на мусі. І щоб переконатися в тому, дяк почіпав її – таки сиділа
на плечах і ніде не ділася» (Вал.Шевчук). This fragment is updated Usual
phraseological meaning "to have the head of [the shoulders]" ('judiciously, think
and act wisely, be smart, savvy') by aktualizatoru "at least in the schools studied"
and PI values are etymon "head on their shoulders [ G. Komarnicki] was' thanks
aktualizatoram "it was a song", "deacon pochipav it", "sit still on his shoulders,"
"never dilasya." The following example shows the explicit use of text and
phraseological and its etymon. When using implicit dual etymon update also
occurs through the use of phraseological context and context etymon FL relevant
aktualizatoriv. It is implicit double update most actively represented in fiction,
nonfiction texts, so focus more on her plate. Note that the external form
phraseological units, its semantics, expressive and stylistic coloring quite firmly
fixed in the minds of native speakers, so often to update idiomatic meaning
requires minimal context phraseologism significantly "signals" about themselves.
In the text with double mainstreaming focuses on the use aktualizatoriv etymon FL
because it means their use can provide a basis for the classification of varieties
implicit double-actualization. Analysis of text items that have implemented
implicit admission dual update, revealed etymon FL aktualizatoriv types are
described below.
1. Aktualizator-Hippo. In the selection: «–Вважайте, Сідалковський, що
Вам пощастило...Ви народилися в сорочці. –Так, посміхнувся Сідалковський,
– з довгими рукавами і білосніжними манжетами» (О.Чорногуз) dual update
is due to the use of phraseological context token "lucky" (aktualizator FL), which
updates the phraseological meaning "born in a shirt" - 'lucky, lucky, happy ', and in
the context of etymon FL - use tokens "long sleeves", "white collars" which is
hiponimamy tokens to "shirt" and actualize its direct lexical meaning
(aktualizatory etymon FL).
2. Aktualizator-hyperons. In poetry Kravchuk: «Кричала Бочка без упину:/
Захочу – море я поглину./ Для неї моря було мало,/ У бочки клепки
бракувало» aktualizatoramy phraseologism "riveting enough" with the meaning
'anyone mentally limited, abnormal' is a combination of tokens "want - go across
the sea", "sea was for her little" showing the absurd desire Barrels. Aktualizatorom
etymon FL is a token "barrel". This token - hyperons to the component etymon FL
"riveting." In the barrel staves can really lacking is her part, thus the phrase
"riveting lacking" is taken literally. However, the expression "in the barrel staves
missing" is a kind of explication Close shaped base phraseologism "riveting
enough" because it is a hint of the original creative idea, a situation that became the
basis of occurrence phraseologism [cf. 8, p. 22].
2. Semantic-associative aktualizator. In the text «Далі статистика
вражає ще більше: майже дві сотні депутатів за 14 місяців роботи ВР
виступили менше 10-ти разів. На цьому невеселому тлі власникам довгих
язиків хочеться подякувати і побажати міцного здоров’я, аби, не дай
Боже, не застудили горла» (З журналу) used phraseologism "long tongue"
which is set to 'someone very talkative, loves plitkuvaty to talk many repetitions,
false ', it is aktualizatorom token "members", "spoke". Fragment same sentence
"not to zastudyly throat" updated and direct lexical meaning of the phrase "long
tongue" because it contains a token that uniquely "continue" entitled "to have a
long tongue" in the literal sense (tongue may be so long that prevent closing the
mouth, and this will lead to cold). So aktualizator etymon FL combined with it
semantic-associative
links.
Using
semantic
associative
aktualizatoriv
naychastotnishym is the implementation of a double reception actualization. The
following snippet of text where the updated value phraseologism "Bucko count
ribs" ('very much beat anyone'), the value is updated by etymon FO input into its
context aktualizatoriv "what", "how many" are combined with "count" semantic-
associative links: «–А коли не заверну? – наївно запитав Григорій
Комарницький. – Тоді полічу тобі бучком ребра, щоб звідати, скільки їх у
тебе є, а скількох не стане, – так само загрозливо мовило пиляве
одоробло» (Вал.Шевчук).
3. Theme aktualizator. In the text «То все народ складний, з лемком
треба пуд солі з’їсти, щоб напитися з однієї криниці» (В.Земляк) represented
phraseologism "eat a peck of salt 'meaning' long live with someone undergo many
tests in joint actions, to know, to learn someone else and so on. ', meaning etymon
FL actualized by typing in its context token "drink", which belongs to the same
thematic group with "eat." In text «Сипав слова межи очі, мов полову, жбурляв
їх на вас, горнув, витрушував» (П.Загребельний) double update results from
updating phraseologism "sprinkled with" Usual value of 'talking without stopping,
fast, lots of' mainstreaming and values are etymon FL arising from the use in the
context of thematic etymon aktualizatoriv "zhburlyav", "hornuv", "vytrushuvav."
Belonging to the same thematic group emphasizes uniformity aktualizatoriv and
predictive component etymon FL, while another stands aktualizatorom compare
"like chaff [sprinkled]."
4. Aktualizator Antonim. In double update context etymon proprietorship
may contain aktualizator that is antonym to the component etymon. Thus, in the
text «Не беріть на себе так багато, щось залиште і людям» (О.Чорногуз)
represented phraseologism "take a lot" meaning 'act does not behave according to
their own capabilities, powers, rights, etc'. In the context etymon FL used
aktualizator "leave", which is the antonym to one of the components etymon "take"
that can accept both of phraseological direct meaning consonant with PI phrases.
Similarly implemented in the fragment double update: «Він наляпає на тебе/
Стільки грязі й бруду,/ Що не здереш і не змиєш/ До Страшного суду
(П.Глазовий) where the updated value phraseologism "slap mud" - 'unfair to
blame, reproach, stain, etc . others. someone '), and the context etymon FL
supported aktualizatoramy "not stripped", "not zmyyesh", which is the component
antonyms "nalyapaye" in the etymon FL.
5. Aktualizator-homonym. Token that acts as a aktualizatora in form
coincides with phraseological component, but the value has a direct, free, so there
is homonymous to desemantyzovanoho phraseological component. In the
selection: «Отже – Занадтий. Подробиці у звіті. Додам лише, що він на
гачку, і справа нашого резидента, щоб гачок, бува, не розігнувся»
(М.Меднікова) phraseologism "be on the hook" is a derivative phraseologism
"catch on the hook" Usual value of 'trying to fool, outwit, enter the mislead
someone '. Accordingly, the derivative is set to 'be deceived, perehytrenym, misled
by someone'. Use more expression "to hook, lest there be not rozihnuvsya" with
token "hook" - homonym to the corresponding component phraseologism "be on
the hook", actualize and free lexical meaning components etymon FL.
Aktualizator-homonym "without galoshes" is used to update the double
phraseologism "sit in galosh" in the following text and «…І тепер оце мені
чудно: і трест, і кооператив наш сів у калошу, а споживач без калош»
(Остап Вишня). Aktualizator-homonym in the fragment of text «Не його совість
замучила, а він її» (З журналу); «Маємо те, що маємо. Питання лише в
тому – хто, скільки, звідки і де» (З журналу).
6. Distributive aktualizator. In double update context etymon proprietorship
may contain token that implementing lexical and syntactic compatibility of a
component etymon, while clearly violates established lexical and syntactical
compatibility phraseologism - in this case we are dealing with distributional
aktualizatorom. This is semantically aktualizator odnoplanovoyu component
etymon FL token. Note that in this case the change in distribution of phraseological
units does not lead to its semantic transformation, what can be seen by making the
substitution idiomatic phraseological meaning in context. In poetry Chub G. "The
Parable of the self-portrait" meet phraseologism "brow beat" Usual value of the
'ask someone about something', which is updated by the use of phraseological
context tokens "repenting", "pray": «Ви правду кажете, що богомаз я є і
грішник,/ але ж ви всі чолом б’єте в паркет,/ в своїх провинах каючись
поспішно,/ і молитесь… на мій автопортрет!» But well-established lexical
and syntactic compatibility of phraseological when it involves the use of
application class beings in the dative or ablative. In the analyzed fragment of text,
this compatibility is broken, as is the application name neistoty in the accusative.
The lexical meaning of Annex "parquet" values are updated by the direct phrase
"brow beat": "vdaryatysya forehead to flooring '.
Aktualizatory idiomatic meaning and significance etymon FL, mentioned
above, are the external aktualizatory - they are beyond expression that represents
the fragment of text in phraseological and free value. Updating values etymon PI
can occur through internal aktualizatoriv - through changes in phrase structure
component, when a distribution of lexical FL. Typically, component changes in the
types of phraseological units refer to the structural and semantic transformation
FL. But, in our opinion, should be borne in mind that the function of receiving the
spread of FL vocabulary may be different. On the one hand, the specification, the
semantics of phraseological intensification, changing its emotional, evaluative,
stylistic connotations, on the other hand, as noted by Bakin MO, "expanding the
boundaries of stable connections to the substantive definition of phraseological
component can lead to exposure of its figurative or etymological structure "[3, p.
219]. The fact that one of the functions of phraseological receiving spread to
disclose the value of its direct component writes O.V.Yelisyeyeva [5, p. 45-47]. It
inherency this function to certain types of spread component of FL is the factor that
allows them to attract double-digit actualization. Aktualizator-spreader may take
the form of substantive component of the definition of the phrase: Сльоза,
увібравши голову в гострі плечі, ніби переляканий заєць, уже ввірився
ногам (П. Панч). Usual values phraseologism "absorb head shoulders" ('efface
oneself from something (fear, shame, etc.)') in the context of phraseology has
changed, but the definition of "sharp", which is a typical component of the
"shoulders" in its literal sense, a means of updating etymon FL. Similarly is dual
update the following selection: «Над містом літають птахи,/ а поруч із ними
«ахи»,/ Коли роззявлять на площі/ голодні роти бідолахи» (Ю.Андрухович)
("open wide mouth" - 'ask to eat go '); «Занадтий випасав Тіну уважним
поглядом» (М.Меднікова) ("pastas look" -' very carefully, follow someone,
something, or to exercise control, supervision of someone '). Aktualizator-spreader
may take the form substantyva-dependent predictive phraseological component,
such as in the snippet text «–А що я мав робити? – він знову припав до
пляшки, обливаючись коньяком і слізьми. – А тепер в приймальні всі
шепочуться і сміються» (Брати Капранови). Idiom 'pour tears "has the
meaning' bitter, inconsolable crying 'introduction to its component parts" cognac
"updated lexical meaning of the component etymon FL" sweating "as between
tokens" pour "and" cognac "is semantic and associative connection.
Dual-actualization may be subject, not only for the Usual form and meaning
phraseological units, but phraseological units, transformed semantically or
structurally semantically. Thus, lexical substitution, implemented in Usual
phraseological unit "and the ear does not lead" led to the emergence of
phraseological "and did not take off", «–А куди це так бокує, навіть не
поздоровкавшись, хвалений голова? – Я ж вам махнув рукою, а ви не повели
й ногою» (М.Стельмах). Usual phraseological meaning ('do not pay attention, do
not respond to ignore anything') in the updated phraseology became more
expressive and stylistic connotations comic plan. However, in this sentence
transformed phraseologism exposed dual update, thanks to aktualizatoriv etymon
revised PI associated with components etymon belonging to one of the thematic
groups ("pulled" - not "led", "hand" - "off"). The following excerpt from the poetry
of Ivan Drach phraseologism "have in mind" ('to show interest, to look in
someone, something') by the spread of negative particle "not" becomes important
to the contrary, but that the opposite meaning coexists with the value etymon FL
that achieved connection to component "in the eye" homogeneous tokens that are
aktualizatoramy-spreaders - "the heart", "liver", they maintain context etymon FL:
«Бо там, аж на тому березі,/ Бо там, аж на тому боці,/ Живе кума його
Текля/ І діда не має ні в оці,/ Не те що в своєму серці,/ А навіть і не в
печінці,/ Як би ото вже годилося/ Вічній сварливій жінці» (І.Драч). Double
phraseological update can be performed on the basis of not only uzualnyh
phraseology, but also on the basis of their structural and convertible variants. For
example, in the snippet text «Безробітньо лежачи на дні, як підводний човен у
степах України, Занадтий пережив московську революцію дев’яностих…»
(М.Меднікова) phraseologism "lie at the bottom" is the result of contamination
phraseology "lie at the bottom 'with value' do nothing without peretrudzhuvatysya;
idle 'and phraseological "go to the bottom' with value 'suffer defeat, failure in
anything, having lost all hope for improvement'. Value contaminated
phraseologism - 'do nothing, laze through defeat, failure in anything' This value is
updated as a result of phraseological combination of circumstance "bezrobitno."
However, comparing "like a submarine", which used the token "boat", which is
themed aktualizatorom etymon FL "lying on the bottom," contributes to update the
value etymon. Comic effect that accompanies a double actualization, increased
involvement in comparable circumstances place "in the steppes of Ukraine", which
denies the semantics of object comparison "submarine" and yet at the same time is
a literary quote - name the play O.Korniychuka "In the Steppes of Ukraine ".
Thus, the dual update fragments of text can be done by using a number of different
types aktualizatoriv. Classification of types of double advisable to update by
choosing a criterion type aktualizatora etymon FL. The semantics of phraseological
units with dual update does not undergo transformation - it is compared with the
semantics of the components of free expression on which is built phraseologism.
Dual-actualization may be subject not only PI, not subject to structural changes of
text, one of the varieties of this technique - a special type of spread component of
FL. However, the double update may be subject phraseological units used in the
snippet of text with a modified semantics or semantics and structure. The above
allows us to offer a new approach to classification methods using the phraseology
in the text: it may be a semantic transformation FL, structural and semantic
transformation FL, double actualization FL.
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The article considers the usage of the method of phraselogical double
actualization. Ways of its actualization according to the types of “actualizators”
are analyzed. We treat the actualizators as special elements which form the
context of the phraseological unit and the context of its ethimological prototype.
Key words: phraseological unit, transformation, double actualization, context
of phraseological unit, actualizator.