Dispersing at its best
TEGOMER®
Dispersants for Masterbatches
and Compounds
World Masterbatch Demand in 2009
and Distribution ~ 2.5 Mio t/a
Demand Asia without Japan
Demand NAFTA
700
800
600
700
500
600
400
500
300
400
300
200
200
100
100
0
0
Total White
demand
Black
Color Additive
Demand Western Europe
Total White
demand
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
Volume in 1.000 metric tones
Average of various sources
0
Total White
demand
Black
Color Additive
Black
Color Additive
Masterbatches –
Requests and Demands
High pigment
price
Energy
consumption
Cost and
price
pressure
Low cost
qualities
Universal
Compatibility
Homogeneous
distribution of
pigments
Reproducible
hue
No visible
specks
TEGOMER® Dispersants
will bridge the gap
- by cost reduction
-and by product
differentiation
Improved
processability
Higher
through-put
Improved
color
strength
Higher
Pigment or
Filler loading
Fewer
blockages
No clogging
Dispersing Additives –
In Use
Waxes
Natural waxes, Montanic acid ester
Synthetical waxes, Polyolefin waxes
Organic acid derivatives
Fatty acids, Stearinic acid
Fatty acid ester/amide, EBS
Saponified fatty acids
Zinc stearate
Sorbitanic acid ester
Glycerol ester
Oligomeric derivatives
Polyacrylates, Polyether structures,
Polyester condensation products
TEGOMER® – Amphiphilic Additives
Mode of Action
Due to their special chemical nature they  are highly temperature stable.
 will compatibilize the pigment/filler
to the polymer matrix.
 are compatible to polyolefins and
technical polymers.
 can interact with the pigment
surface and will form a stable layer
on it.
Dispersing agent with
polar + organophilic groups
Agglomerate
Aggregate
Hydrophilic Groups
Polymeric Backbone
Organophilic Groups
TEGOMER® Dispersants allow high flexibility in application and
excellent efficiency due to high temperature stability and amphiphilic character
TEGOMER® Dispersing Additive –
Mode of Action
Advantages of TEGOMER® in the Processing
1. Fast Wetting

Allows higher processing speed

Allows higher loadings
2. Enhanced Grinding

Less agglomerates / lower specks

Higher color strength
3. Excellent Stabilizing
Hopper
Pigment particle
Motor

Prevention of reagglomeration

Easy dilutability and compatibility of the
masterbatches in the final application

Exact color matching
TEGOMER
dispersing additive
Screw
Heating elements
TEGOMER® Dispersing Additives –
Product Overview I
 TEGOMER® E 525

For PE based color concentrates and compounds

For colorizing POM and PVC

For carbon black, transparent iron oxides, inorganic fillers

Outstanding clarity and reduction of specks in film applications

Enhanced productivity and throughput in highly filled compounds

For direct coloration of compounds
Food contact status
GB 9685: TEGOMER® E 525 may be used in plastics based on PE, PP, PS, AS, ABS, PET, PC and
PVC .
European Regulation 10/2011: TEGOMER® E 525 may be used in compliance with the EURegulation 10/2011 up to 3.2 % w/w in polyolefin materials and articles.
FDA Regulations: TEGOMER® E 525 may be used in compliance with FDA Regulation 21 CFR
177.1520 (Olefin polymers).
TEGOMER® Dispersing Additives –
Product Overview II
 TEGOMER® P 121
 For PP and technical polymers, e.g. PA, PBT/PET
 For all kind of pigments in demanding masterbatch application, e.g.
blow films (PP, PA and PET) or molded appliances (PA, PBT, ABS)
 For carbon black and color pigments which are difficult to disperse
used in masterbatches for dyeing of spin fibers
 For direct coloration of compounds
 Excellent thermal and color stability
Food contact status
GB 9685: Less than 50 % of TEGOMER® P 121 may be used in in compliance with the GB 96852008 when used in adhesives. All other components may be used in plastics based on PE, PP, PS,
AS, ABS and PC up to a level of 2.5 % and in PET up to a level of 0.5 % in compliance with the
Chinese guideline GB 9685-2008.
European Regulation 10/2011: TEGOMER® P 121 in compliance with the EU-Regulation 10/2011 up
to 4.5 % in the finished article.
FDA Regulations: TEGOMER® P 121 may be used as a dispersant for colorants at a maximum level
of 0.166 % in polyolefin, in contact with all types of food, except foods containing greater than 13 %
alcohol under conditions of use B ("Boiling water sterilized") through H (“Frozen or refrigerated
storage: Ready-prepared foods intended to be reheated in container at time of use”).
TEGOMER® Dispersing Additives –
Product Overview III
 TEGOMER® P 122
 Comparable application profile to TEGOMER® P 121:
 For PP and technical polymers, e.g. PA, PBT/PET
 For all kind of pigments in demanding masterbatch application, e.g.
blow films (PP, PA and PET) or molded appliances (PA, PBT, ABS)
 For carbon black and color pigments which are difficult to disperse
used in masterbatches for dyeing of spin fibers
 For direct coloration of compounds
 Excellent thermal and color stability
 It is delivered as a free flowing micro granulate for easy handling and
quick dust free feeding
Food contact status
GB 9685: TEGOMER® P 122 may be used in plastics based on PE, PP, PS, AS, ABS and PC up to a
level of 5% and in PET up to a level of 0.5%.
European Regulation 10/2011: TEGOMER® P 122 may be used without a specific migration limit
(SML-value) in the Regulation 10/2011/EU
FDA Regulations: TEGOMER® P 122 may be used as a dispersant for colorants at a maximum level
of 2 % in polyolefins. In all other types of plastics TEGOMER P 122 may be used as a dispersing
additive up to 400 mg/sqm food contact area (e.g. 0.4% in a film with 100 g/sqm).
TEGOMER® E 525 –
Perfect Distribution of Pigment
PE Masterbatches
Standard wax
• Poor distribution of pigment with agglomerates
• Desired color needs high pigment loading
TEGOMER® E 525
• Perfect dispersing of pigment particles
• Lower pigment loading to achieve desired color
• Excellent clarity and reduction of speck
formation
First choice for PE masterbatches and direct coloration of PE film,
injection molding and highly filled PE compounds
TEGOMER® E 525 –
Effect on Inorganic Pigment
Formulation
Additive:
Iron Oxide Red P.R. 101:
PE-LD (MFI 15):
0- 5%
20 %
75 - 80 %
Color strength [%]
125
120
115
With PE WAX
110
105
100
95
90
0
5
PE wax [%]
2.5
TEGOMER® E 525 [%]
Concentrate was heightened with TiO2 to determine the color strength Pigment:TiO2–ratio 1:10
With TEGOMER® E 525
TEGOMER® E 525 – highly efficient even at low dosages
TEGOMER® E 525 for CB Printex® 85
0 - 25 %
30 %
40 - 70 %
125
17.5
120
15.0
115
12.5
110
10.0
105
7.5
100
5.0
95
2.5
90
0
0
5
TEGOMER®
15
Filter pressure [bar/g 25 mm]
Color strength [%]
Formulation
TEGOMER® E 525:
Carbon Black Printex® 85:
PE-LD (MFI 15 g/10 min.):
Without Additive
25
E525 [%]
Concentrate was heightened with TiO2 to determine the color strength
Pigment:TiO2–ratio 1:10
With 15 %
TEGOMER® E 525
TEGOMER® P 121& P 122 - Designed
for use in Masterbatches and Films
Masterbatches
TEGOMER® P 121/ P 122
•
•
•
•
Higher pigment loadings
Improved color strength
Positive influence on rheology
Excellent thermal and color stability even in
technical polymers
PP Films
TEGOMER® P 121/ P 122
• Speck free and high transparent films are obtained
• No reflockulation in down streaming
• Avoid film fracture
Outstanding performance in masterbatching and direct coloration of
technical polymers and PP
TEGOMER® P 121 & P 122 - Designed
for Colorizing Technical Polymers
Mass dyeing of Polyester fibers
TEGOMER® P 121/ P 122
• Improved color strength
• Reduced fiber fracture
• Low pressure index values
Colorizing of PET
TEGOMER® P 121/ P 122
• Excellent clarity with no haze
• High color yield
First choice for PP and all kinds of technical polymers in high demanding
applications where a superior pigment dispersion is essential
TEGOMER® P 121 –
Colorizing PA 6
130
Blue 15:3
6
154
Red 178
5
Green 7
4.7
4
126
120
125
3
110
2.5
2
100
25 min; 2.5 % pigment; 25 mm filter sieve
140
6.9
Pressure index value [bar/g]
Color strength [%]
150
Formulation of the Masterbatch
Additive:
0 - 10 %
Pigment:
30 %
Polyamide 6:
60 - 70 %
1
0.3
0
10
0.3
0
10
®
TEGOMER P 121 [%]
0.6
0
0
10
By using TEGOMER® P 121 a tremendous reduction of the pressure index value
(< 2 bar/g for fiber grades) and a significant increased color strength is obtained
Concentrate was heightened with TiO2 to determine the color strength Pigment:TiO2–ratio 1:10
TEGOMER® P 121 for PBT
Coloration
180
160
Blue 15:3
207
Red 178
Green 7
19.2
3
9.9
2
147
140
4
1.4
120
1
116
25 min; 2.5 % pigment; 25 mm filter sieve
Color strength [%]
200
Pressure index value [bar/g]
Formulation of the Masterbatch
Additive:
0-5%
Pigment:
10 %
PBT:
85-90 %
100
0.8
0
5
0.2
0
5
TEGOMER® P 121 [%]
0.2
0
0
5
By using TEGOMER® P 121 a tremendous reduction of the pressure index value
(< 2 bar/g for fiber grades) and a significant increased color strength is obtained
Concentrate was heightened with TiO2 to determine the color strength Pigment:TiO2–ratio 1:10
TEGOMER® P 121 - in Comparison to
Waxes with Pigment Yellow 155
Formulation
Additive:
Pigment Yellow 155 :
PP (MFI = 50 g/10 min.)
PP-Wax
PP-Wax, micronized wax
Micronized wax, metallocene wax
TEGOMER® P 121
15 %
30 %
55 %
120
Pressure index [bar/g]
18
16
14
12
10
8
20
112
16.1
105
114
110
100
100
90
9.0
6
Color strength [%]
20
80
4
2
0
3.4
1.0
70
TEGOMER® P 121 enables to reduce the pressure index value below 2 bar/g
which is essential for spun fine fiber qualities
Concentrate was heightened with TiO2 to determine the color strength Pigment:TiO2–ratio 1:10
The Evaluation of Dispersing Additives’
Performance is Based on Color Strength
1. Color strength of a masterbatch with known pigment concentration and
standard dispersant PP wax is measured and set to 100
2. PP wax is replaced by our dispersant and color strength is measured
3. Reduction of pigment & dispersant concentration at constant ratio (e.g.
2:1), parts to 100 filled with base polymer
4. Color strength of each masterbatch is measured and formulation
with color strength 100 is identified
5. Cost of original and new formulation with color strength 100 are
calculated and compared (see next slides)
 Calculation directly shows which benefit our customers can expect
Color strength [%]
140
Standard
PP-Wax
TEGOMER® E 525
134
119
120
100
25
20
100
100
15
15
12.5
80
15
79
10
60
10
7
40
5
20
0
0
30
30
25
20
Pigment concentration in Masterbatch [%]
15
Pigment reduction by 33%, dispersant reduction by 33%, increase of base
polymer by 15%
Dispersant concentration [%]
Cost Saving by Pigment Reduction PG 7 in PP with TEGOMER® E 525
TEGOMER® E 525 - Cost Saving by 15%
Example Pigment Green 7
Raw Material
Cost
[€/kg]
Cost distribution
by component
4.00
€/kg Masterbatch
3.00
Pigment Green 7
9.00
30
Dispersing Additive
3.00
15
TEGOMER® E 525
5.25
PE-LLD
1.00
Total Cost [€/kg]
2.70
2.00
1.00
Wax Formulation TEGOMER® E 525
Formulation
share [%]
share [%]
20
10
55
70
3.70
3.03
*Given price indications are no real sales prices. They are estimated to visualize the
proof of concept.
1.80
0.53
 Only ~67 % PG 7 was need by using
TEGOMER® E 525 to achieve the same
color strength than with the reference wax
0.45
0.55
0.70
Reference
Wax
TEGOMER®
E 525
0.00
 Cost benefit of 0.68 €/kg
TEGOMER® P 121 - Cost Saving by 21%
Example Pigment Red 122
Raw Material
Cost
[€/kg]
Cost distribution
by component
Pigment Red 122
12.00
€/kg Masterbatch
10.00
38.00
25
Dispersing Additive
3.00
30
TEGOMER® P 121
6.80
PP
1.20
Total Cost [€/kg]
8.00
6.00
Wax Formulation TEGOMER® P 121
Formulation
share [%]
share [%]
17.5
21
45
10.94
61.5
8.82
*Given price indications are no real sales prices. They are estimated to visualize the
proof of concept.
9.50
6.65
4.00
 Only ~70 % PR 122 is needed by using
TEGOMER® P 121 to achieve the same
color strength than with the reference wax
2.00
0.00
0.90
0.54
1.43
0.74
Reference
Wax
TEGOMER®
P 121
 Cost benefit of 2.12 €/kg
TEGOMER® E 525 - Cost saving by 7%
Example Pigment Blue 15:1
Raw Material
Cost*
[€/kg]
Cost distribution
by component
€/kg Masterbatch
4.00
Pigment Blue 15:1
10.50
30
Dispersing Additive
3.00
15
TEGOMER® E 525
5.25
PE-LLD
1.00
Total Cost [€/kg]
3.00
Wax Formulation TEGOMER® E 525
Formulation
share [%]
share [%]
24
12
55
64
4.15
3.79
*Given price indications are no real sales prices. They are estimated to visualize the
proof of concept.
3.15
2.52
 Only ~80 % PB 15:1 was needed by using
TEGOMER® E 525 to achieve the same
color strength than with the reference wax
2.00
1.00
0.63
0.45
0.55
0.64
Reference
Wax
TEGOMER®
E 525
0.00
 Cost benefit of 0.36 €/kg
TEGOMER® Dispersants –
Test Methods
 Color Strength measurement
 Gloss
 Transparence
 Microscopy examination
 Filter pressure value
 Speck evaluation
• On blow films and molded plates
• Press out method
 Mechanical properties
• Impact strength
• Elongation/ tensile strength…etc.
TEGOMER® Dispersants –
Polymer Recommendation
PVC
ABS / PS
PET / PBT
PA
POM
PP
Polymer types
PE / EVA
Product
TEGOMER® E 525
TEGOMER® P 121
TEGOMER® P 122
highly recommended
suitable
suitable
Fibre/Filament
Production
Masterbatches
and Compounds
Film Applications
Moulding
Filler Compounds
Colored Compounds
Multiple Pigment
Masterbatches
Pigment and Fillers
Monomasterbatches
Fillers
Carbon Black
Product
Organic Pigments
Inorganic Pigments
TEGOMER® Dispersants Application Recommendation
Application
TEGOMER® E 525
TEGOMER® P 121
TEGOMER® P 122
highly recommended
TEGOMER® Dispersants –
General dosage recommendations
R
Suitable
Polymers
Product
TEGOMER® E 525
TEGOMER®
P 121
TEGOMER® P
122
PE, EVA, POM and
PVC
Dosage in [%] AOP*
30-50
3-5
50-100
PP, PA, PET/PBT,
ABS/PS and other
technical polymers
30-50
2-4
40-100
PP, PA, PET/PBT,
ABS/PS and other
technical polymers
30-50
2-4
40-100
2-4
* % AoP: Additive calculated on Pigment in parts by weight
TEGOMER® Dispersing Additives Summary
Optimized formulation
Improved cost structure
Optimized performance
Improved quality
Optimized processing
Improved output
Highly effective TEGOMER® dispersing additives
based on uniquely designed chemistry