UNIT 2 CHEMISTRY
SCIENCE 1206
UNIT OUTLINE
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CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY
◦ GENERAL TERMS
◦ PERIODIC TABLE
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BOHR DIAGRAMS
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ATOMS versus IONS
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NAMING COMPOUNDS
◦ IONIC, MOLECULAR,ACIDS
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
◦ BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
◦ 5 TYPES of REACTIONS
IMPORTANT TO KNOW . . .
You will get a PERIODIC TABLE!!!
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It is your best friend for this unit!
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You will need it each and every day.
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Take care of it, cherish it, appreciate it!
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In other words, do not leave it in a crumpled
mess at the base of your locker or bookbag
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LINK
LINK 2
CHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY
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MATTER
◦ DEFINITION:
 Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).
◦ What is not matter?
 Energy
◦ In chemistry, we often discuss microscopic matter,
such as atoms, ions, elements, and compounds.
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MASS
◦ The amount of matter an object contains,
measured in grams, g.
3 STATES OF MATTER
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SOLID
◦ Definite volume and shape
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LIQUID
◦ Definite volume, indefinite shape
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GAS
◦ Indefinite volume, indefinite shape
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Chemistry Subscripts
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◦
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(s) - solid
(l) - liquid
(g) - gas
(aq) – aqueous, dissolved in water
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
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DEFINITION:
◦ The study of the properties and chemical
changes/reactions of matter.
So, chemistry matters
 Examples of chemical reactions:
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◦ Rusting
◦ Burning/Combustion
TWO TYPES OF CHEMISTRY
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PURE CHEMISTRY
◦ Theoretical work that involves DESCRIBING
known substances and DISCOVERING new
compounds for research purposes.
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APPLIED CHEMISTRY
◦ Practical work that involves searching for
USES for known substances.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
A QUALITY or CHARACTERISTIC of a substance
that can be observed WITHOUT a chemical reaction.
 Examples of Physical Properties
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State of matter
Hardness
Colour
Malleability
Ductility
Odor
Solubility
Brittleness
Conductivity
Melting Point and Boiling Point
PHYSICAL CHANGE
A change in state of matter of a
substance.
 Examples of Physical Changes:
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Melting/fusion – SOLID to LIQUID
Freezing – LIQUID to SOLID
Evaporation – LIQUID to GAS
Condensation – GAS to LIQUID
Sublimation – SOLID to GAS
Deposition – GAS to SOLID
ex: H2O(s) 
H2O(l)
CHEMICAL PROPERTY

A BEHAVIOUR of a substance that can only be
obseved when a CHEMICAL CHANGE is taking
place.
◦ Example:
 Magnesium ribbon burning
 2 Mg(s) + O2(g)  2 MgO(s) + light energy
◦ The chemical property is that light is given off when
magnesium is burned.
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CHEMICAL CHANGE
◦ A change in which ONE OR MORE NEW
SUBSTANCES is formed.
◦ Example:
 Iron Rusting
 4 Fe(s) +3 O2(g)  2 Fe2O3(s)
INDICATORS OF A CHEMICAL
CHANGE
Basically, a chemical change has occurred
if the change is DIFFICULT TO REVERSE.
 However, there are many good indicators
of a chemical change.
 Observe the following pictures, and take a
guess at what is happening to indicate a
CHEMICAL CHANGE.
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CHEMICAL CHANGE
INDICATORS
1.
COLOUR CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
INDICATORS
2.
BUBBLES OF GAS
CHEMICAL CHANGE
INDICATORS
3.
SOLID (PRECIPITATE) FORMATION
CHEMICAL CHANGE
INDICATORS
4.
HEAT/LIGHT GIVEN OFF
HOMEWORK!!!

Identify the following as a PHYSICAL PROPERTY or a CHEMICAL
PROPERTY.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Identify the following as a PHYSICAL CHANGE or a CHEMICAL
CHANGE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Burns in air when heated.
Melts at 98 degrees Celsius.
Reacts violently with water.
Can be cut with a knife.
Conducts electricity.
Digesting a meal.
Butter melting in a pan.
Burning gasoline.
Wood rotting.
LINK
MATTER FLOW CHART-Draw
MATTER
PURE
SUBSTANCE
COMPOUND
ELEMENT
ATOM
MIXTURE
HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE
(SOLUTION)
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Made up of only ONE TYPE OF ATOM or
ATOM COMBINATION
 Stays the same in response to a physical
change

◦ Example:
 O2
 H2 O
◦ TWO TYPES:
 Element
 Compound
TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
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ELEMENT
◦ A pure substance that CANNOT be broken down
into a simpler substance by a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
◦ It is made up of 1 TYPE OF ATOM.
◦ Element SYMBOLS are always written with the first
letter UPPERCASE and the second letter
LOWERCASE.
◦ Element NAMES are always written in LOWERCASE
letters.
◦ Examples:
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Na
Li
Ar
W
TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
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COMPOUND
◦ A pure substance that CAN be broken down into
its elements with a CHEMICAL CHANGE.
◦ It is made up of two or more different elements
are chemically joined together in fixed
proportions.
◦ Examples:
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NaCl
C6H12O6
CH4
H2O
◦ LINK
MIXTURE
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Contains 2 or more pure substances
TWO TYPES:
1. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
◦ AKA SOLUTION
◦ Have only one visible phase throughout
◦ Examples:
 air, apple juice, salt water
2. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
◦ Contains 2 or more visible phases throughout
◦ Examples:
 Soil, soup, fruitcake
DIATOMIC MOLECULES
There are 7 elements that are diatomic, or found in
pairs, in their natural state.
 These are:
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H2
O2
F2
Br2
I2
N2
Cl2
Also P4 and S8
P.S. Help Our Needy Class Find Brains Immediately
REACTANTS
Starting Materials in a chemical reaction
 PRODUCTS

◦ New substances formed in a chemical
reaction
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CHEMICAL REACTION
◦ Reactants go to form Products
◦ Example:
◦ C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
HOMEWORK . . .

Name the type of pure substance that is
found on the periodic table.

Give an example of each of the following:
◦ Pure substance
◦ Heterogeneous mixture
◦ Homogeneous mixture
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LINK
MSDS – MATERIAL SAFETY DATA
SHEET
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Chemical assignment