Distant objects appear to be closer when seen through which two of
the following instruments?
A.
Microscope and magnifying glass
B.
Telescope and binoculars
C.
Microscope and telescope
D. Binoculars and magnifying glass
At the end of the article Ferwerda refers to scientists who say that carbon dioxide is not the
main cause of the Greenhouse e ect.
Karin nds the following table showing the relative Greenhouse e ect caused by four gases:
Relative Greenhouse e ect per molecule of gas
Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Chloro uorocarbons
1
30
160
17 000
From this table Karin cannot conclude which gas is the main cause of the increase of the
Greenhouse e ect. The data in the table need to be combined with other data for Karin to
conclude which gas is the main cause of the increase of the Greenhouse e ect.
Which other data does Karin need to collect?
A.
Data about the origin of the four gases.
B.
Data about the absorption of the four gases by plants.
C.
Data about the size of each of the four types of molecules.
D. Data about the amounts of each of the four gases in the atmosphere.
Bread Dough
To make bread dough, a cook mixes our, water, salt and yeast. After mixing, the dough is placed in a container for several hours to allow the process of fermentation to take place.
During fermentation, a chemical change occurs in the dough: the yeast (a single-celled fungus) helps to transform the starch and sugars in the our into carbon dioxide and alcohol.
A few hours after mixing the dough, the cook weighs the dough and observes that its weight has decreased.
The weight of the dough is the same at the start of each of the four experiments shown below. Which two experiments should the cook compare to test if the yeast is the cause of the
loss of weight?
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Experiment 3
Experiment 4
A.
The cook should compare experiments 1 and 2.
B.
The cook should compare experiments 1 and 3.
C.
The cook should compare experiments 2 and 4.
D. The cook should compare experiments 3 and 4.
Four pieces of apple were cut so that all were the same mass and shape. The
pieces were placed in four di erent concentrations of sugar water. After
24 hours, the pieces were removed and their masses determined. The graph
shown indicates the change in the mass of each piece.
The four points on the graph represent
A.
assumptions
B.
data
C.
hypothesis
D. conclusions
Which sequence should be followed when conducting a laboratory
investigation?
A.
gather experimental data, make observations, form a conclusion,
form a hypothesis
B.
de ne a problem, form a hypothesis gather experimental data,
form a conclusion
C.
form a hypothesis, form a conclusion, gather experimental data,
de ne a problem
D. make observations, gather experimental data, form a conclusion,
state a problem
Graphs of the data from laboratory investigations are used to
A.
observe general trends in the data
B.
make the observed data more accurate
C.
prevent errors in measuring data
D. help change the original data tables
The results of one experiment carried out by a research team would
be considered valid if
A.
the experiment had no control setup
B.
all the members of the research team came to the same
conclusion
C.
the experiment had more than one variable
D. the experiment was repeated and the same results were obtained
each time
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science
Reference Tables, the diagrams below, and your knowledge of Earth
science. The diagrams represent four di erent mineral samples with
di erent shapes and masses. Diagrams are not drawn to scale.
Which instrument was most likely used to nd the volume of each
sample?
A.
graduated cylinder
B.
balance
C.
thermometer
D. psychrometer
Science investigators initially use classi cation systems to
A.
extend their powers of observation
B.
make more accurate inferences
C.
organize their observations in a meaningful way
D. make direct comparisons with standard units of measurement
In his theory, Lamarck suggested that organisms will develop and
pass on to o spring variations that they need in order to survive in
a particular environment. In a later theory, Darwin proposed that
changing environmental conditions favor certain variations that
promote the survival of organisms. Which statement is best illustrated
by this information?
A.
Scienti c theories that have been changed are the only ones
supported by scientists.
B.
All scienti c theories are subject to change and improvement.
C.
Most scienti c theories are the outcome of a single hypothesis.
D. Scienti c theories are not subject to change.
Which statement best describes a scienti c theory?
A.
It is a collection of data designed to provide support for a
prediction.
B.
It is an educated guess that can be tested by experimentation.
C.
It is a scienti c fact that no longer requires any evidence to
support it.
D. It is a general statement that is supported by many scienti c
observations.
Which statement most accurately describes scienti c inquiry?
A.
It ignores information from other sources.
B.
It does not allow scientists to judge the reliability of their sources.
C.
It should never involve ethical decisions about the application of
scienti c knowledge.
D. It may lead to explanations that combine data with what people
already know about their surroundings.
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An experimental design included references from prior experiments,
materials and equipment, and step-by-step procedures. What else
should be included before the experiment can be started?
A.
a set of data
B.
a conclusion based on data
C.
safety precautions to be used
D. an inference based on results
Which statement about the use of independent variables in controlled
experiments is correct?
A.
A di erent independent variable must be used each time an
experiment is repeated.
B.
The independent variables must involve time.
C.
Only one independent variable is used for each experiment.
D. The independent variables state the problem being tested.
An experiment was carried out to determine whether drinking
ca einated soda increases pulse rate. The pulse rates of two groups of
people at rest were measured. Group A was then given ca einated
soda and group B was given ca eine-free soda. One hour after
drinking the soda, the pulse rates were measured. The participants in
the experiment were all the same age, and they were all given the
same amount of soda.
The dependent variable in this experiment is the
A.
type of soda given to each group
B.
amount of soda given to each group
C.
pulse rate of each group
D. age of participants in each group
A company that manufactures a popular multivitamin wanted to
determine whether their multivitamin had any side e ects. For its
initial study, the company chose 2000 individuals to take one of their
multivitamin tablets per day for one year. Scientists from the company
surveyed the participants to determine whether they had experienced
any side e ects. The greatest problem with this procedure is that
A.
only one brand of vitamin was tested
B.
the study lasted only one year
C.
the sample size was not large enough
D. no control group was used
Why do scientists consider any hypothesis valuable?
A.
A hypothesis requires no further investigation.
B.
A hypothesis may lead to further investigation even if it is
disproved by the experiment.
C.
A hypothesis requires no further investigation if it is proved by
the experiment.
D. A hypothesis can be used to explain a conclusion even if it is
disproved by the experiment.
An experiment was designed to test whether students could squeeze a
clothespin more times in 1 minute after resting or after exercising.
What would be a hypothesis for the experiment?
A.
Do students squeeze clothespins more often in 1 minute after
exercising?
B.
Can most students squeeze a clothespin more times after they
rest?
C.
Ten students who exercise before squeezing a clothespin squeezed
it more times in 1 minute than ten students who rested rst.
D. Students who rest before squeezing a clothespin will squeeze it
fewer times in 1 minute than students who exercise beforehand.
Reasons for conducting peer review include all of the following except
A.
analyzing the experimental design
B.
pointing out possible bias
C.
identifying an illogical conclusion
D. changing data to support the hypothesis
Read the paragraph below and then answer the following question(s).
While watching television one night you see a television commercial about Durable batteries. It
shows two toys moving around. One toy is powered by Durable batteries. The other toy is using a
di erent battery. At the end of the commercial, the toy with the Durable batteries is still moving
around. The other one has stopped. You want to nd out if Durable batteries really do outlast other
kinds of batteries. You decide to do an experiment.
a) What question are you trying to answer?
b) Describe as completely as possible the experiment(s) you would perform to nd the answer. Be sure
to include:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
what you would use,
the steps you would follow,
what you would measure,
how you would measure it.
c) List three things (variables) you would try to keep the same for all the kinds of batteries tested in
your experiment.
d) For each thing you listed, explain what e ect it would have if you did not keep that thing the same.
e) What factors in your experiment might cause an error?
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Sci.Method EOC Review
1.
Answer:
B
2.
Answer:
D
3.
Answer:
D
4.
Answer:
B
5.
Answer:
B
6.
Answer:
A
7.
Answer:
D
8.
Answer:
A
9.
Answer:
C
10.
Answer:
B
11.
Answer:
D
12.
Answer:
D
13.
Answer:
temperature of the water
14.
Answer:
C
15.
Answer:
C
16.
Answer:
C
17.
Answer:
D
18.
Answer:
B
19.
Answer:
D
20.
Answer:
D
05/04/2016
21.
Answer:
Do Durable batteries which are the same
size and age as other kinds of batteries
actually outlast the others?
[answers vary] ex: I would put brand
new batteries (e.g. one kind Durable and
the other kind, Ever Ready) into the same
kind of toy and time how long each one
lasted. I would do this three or four
times to make sure my answer was right.
Response contains at least three of the
following variables: size, type, brand
of toy, age and size of battery, surface
or other relevant conditions of the test
situation, if instruments are used, same
operator reading time.
[answers vary] ex: if you do not choose
batteries that have about the same
expiration date, you will not know if it is
the brand that is better or if one battery
is just wearing out from age.
operator error: not starting the cars
together, failing to time accurately;
method error: failure to safeguard
controls.