Bell Work 3-3-14
1. On September 9, 1739, the largest slave revolt in colonial history
started. It was known as:
a. Nat Turner’s Rebellion
b. The Stono Rebellion
c. The St. Augustine Rebellion
d. The Santee rebellion
Answer: b
2. Native Americans used the practice of cutting and burning brush
to create farmland or drive out animals to clear fields. This is
called:
a. Forest gardening
b. Organic gardening
c. Forest gardening
d. Slash and burn agriculture
Answer: d
Agenda
Notes/Discussion:
Key Focus: The plight of farmers in the late
19th Century including overproduction,
Students will read and annotate informational text
to find information to fill in a graphic organizer
about the plight of farmers
Quick Review
Discuss with your partner facts about
Industrialization in SC
Relevance
.
Plight- Have you ever found yourself in a pickle?
Pickle- A situation you just could not fix.
The more you tried to fix it the worse the situation
became.
This is just the situation that farmers in South
Carolina and in other parts of the US found
themselves in the 19th Century ( late 1800’s)
Focus Statement
8-5.6
Compare the plight of farmers in South Carolina
with that of farmers throughout the United States.
Key Terms
 Plight- dilemma, difficulty; situation
 Mechanization- to change a process or activity so
that it is done by machines instead of by people.
 Crop Lien Law- A law passed by conservatives
that allowed creditors to have first claim on a
farmers crop. This was a way for farmers to get
supplies they needed before the planting season
on credit from merchants.
The Plight of Farmers in South
Carolina
 The postwar agricultural depression continued after the end
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
of Reconstruction and the Conservative government did
nothing to help small farmers.
Small farms, worked by sharecroppers or tenant farmers,
replaced the large plantations of the antebellum period.
Cotton continued to dominate the South Carolina economy,
but it did not bring prosperity.
Instead of helping the destitute farmers, the Conservatives
passed a crop lien law that allowed creditors to have first
claim on a farmer’s crop.
The crop lien system held farmers in continual debt.
CFU
How did the Crop Lien Law affect
South Carolina farmer’s?
Agricultural Depression
 Politicians did little to help small
farmers
 Cotton prices fell –During Civil
War Europe found other sources
for cotton
 Postwar- cotton prices cont. to
fall as more and more people
began to plant it
 SC Government-passed a crop
lien law-creditors got first $ from
crop sales-farmers stayed in
constant debt
Bad times for SC Farmers
 Other regions outside of the South mechanized farming,
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which increased production---the South did not
Foreign suppliers were competition
Supply exceeded demand- crop prices fell
Farmers unable to make loan payments for land and equipment
(crop lien law)
First Farmers planted more-prices fell further
Second bank foreclosures, lost land, drought pests- boll weevil
led to crop failures
8-5.6 Compare the plight of farmers in South Carolina with that of
farmers throughout the United States, including the problems of
overproduction, natural disasters, and sharecropping
.
 Students will complete chart comparing the plight of farmers in
South Carolina and the United States
 I Do: The teacher will model using informational text to find
relevant information to compare SC & the US
 We Do: Work together finding relevant information to compare
the plight of farmers in the SC & the US using informational text
and a graphic organizer
 You Do: The students will complete the graphic organizer
 Students will then share responses
8-5.6 Compare the plight of farmers in South Carolina with that of farmers throughout the
United States, including the problems of overproduction, natural disasters, and sharecropping.
South Carolina Farmers
Over Production
Natural Disasters
Share Cropping
US farmers
MODEL and Guided
South Carolina – I do
United States- We do
Over Production
In order to understand the economic roots of the Populist movement of farmers in the
United States in general and in South Carolina in particular, students must
understand supply and demand. Although South Carolina farmers did not experience
the mechanization of farming (cotton was picked by hand well into the 20th century)
that raised supply in other regions of the country, they did have fertilizers that
increased the cotton yield. They were also competing with foreign suppliers.
Worldwide supply exceeded demand and the price that farmers were able to get for
their crops fell throughout the period. Farmers throughout the Midwest and the South
were unable to make payments on the loans that they had taken out to purchase land
and equipment. In South Carolina, the problem of debt was exacerbated by the
sharecropping and tenant farming system and the crop lien laws. Farmers first
responded to this problem as individuals by planting more so that they could make
more profit. However, the more farmers planted, the more prices fell. In South
Carolina, farmers also felt the impact of bank foreclosures,
Focus Statement
8-5.6
Compare the plight of farmers in South Carolina
with that of farmers throughout the United States.
Closure Competition with foreign suppliers, debt, mechanization, and fertilizers;
these all led to:
Answer: Overproduction
 Competition with foreign suppliers, debt, mechanization and fertilizer
all led to over production, which of these was not a cause of
overproduction in South Carolina?
Answer: Mechanization/Mechanized Farming
8-5.6 Compare the plight of farmers in South Carolina with that of farmers throughout the
United States, including the problems of overproduction, natural disasters, and sharecropping.
YOU DO
South Carolina Farmers
Over Production
No Mechanization
Fertilizer increased cotton yield
Competition with foreign suppliers
Worldwide supply exceeded demand
Mechanization raises yields
Competition with foreign suppliers
Worldwide supply exceeded demand
Farmers unable to make payments on
Farmers unable to make payments land and equipment loans
on land and equipment loans
Natural Disasters
Share Cropping
US farmers
8-5.6 Compare the plight of farmers in South Carolina with that of farmers throughout the
United States, including the problems of overproduction, natural disasters, and sharecropping.
YOU DO
Natural Disasters
Share Cropping
South Carolina Farmers
US farmers
Reflection Micro Lab
8-5.6
Compare the plight of farmers in South Carolina
with that of farmers throughout the United States.
What do I already know about this question
What did person______ say?
Reflection of my learning about this question
What did person______say?
Microlab Protocaol Written Refection Rubric
High
Medium
Low
• Few content
concepts
• No Content
concepts
• Peer reference
• No peer
reference
• No peer
reference
• 2 examples of
evidence
• 1 example of
evidence
• No examples of
evidence
• Includes
content
concepts
• Confusing
Homework
The Crop Lien System
Tuesday-8-5.6 Tillman, populist
and, Land grant colleges
Bell Work 3-4-14
1. Rice became known as “_______”, a staple crop and the source of long term
prosperity.
a. Indigo
b. Corn
c. Carolina Gold
d. Cotton
Answer: c
2. An economic system in which the mother country controlled trade in order to
export more goods than it imports.
a. Slavery
b. Trade
c. Hunting
d. Mercantilism
Answer: d
Relevance
Can you think of issues in the news today
or in the past, that demonstrate the idea
that there is strength in numbers?
Agenda
Notes/Discussion:
Key Focus: The Populist Party
 Benjamin Tillman
 The Grange
 Populists
 Land Grant Colleges
Student Group Activity:
Closure:
Independent Practice:
Key Terms
 The Grange- A national farmers association designed to
protect farmers across the nation.
 Populist Party / Peoples Party- A new political party
that arose after Reconstruction. Supported the same
issues promoted by the grange.
 Conservatives – Redeemers and others who opposed
Tillman.
 Tillmanites- Supporters of Ben Tillman
 Clemson College- Land grant college. Opened in 1893
as an agricultural and mechanical college.

Populist Movement- Economic Roots
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The use of fertilizers increased cotton yield
Farmers were competing with foreign suppliers
Supply exceeded demand
Farmers are unable to pay back loans
Plant more cotton. The more they plant the more prices
fall.
Sharecropping and tenant farming
Crop Lien laws
Foreclosures because of nonpayment of taxes
Drought and Pests ( army worm and boll weevil)
CFU
• List some of the problems farmers faced at this time.
Populist Movement- Political Roots
• Established in South Carolina and other parts of the South
and Midwest because of worsening economic conditions.
• Farmers first organized the Grange
Originally a social organization
Midwest – evolved into a political organization
South Carolina- Farmers had no political power
Organized regional alliances
Segregated- White Farmers Alliance
Colored Farmers Alliance
In 1890 Alliances united to form the POPULIST PARTY
CFU
• Why was the Grange founded and how did it
change over time?
Populist Party Supported:
• Regulation of railroads and banking
• Free and unlimited coinage of silver /creation of silver
coins to increase the money supply
• Democratic reforms to government – popular election of
senators and the secret ballot
• Progressive income tax
• Loans for farmers
The Populist also tried to gain support of industrial workers
• Eight hour work days
• Restrictions on immigration
CFU
• What were some of the reforms that the
Populist party supported
The Populist Party
• The Populist party was successful in election
Senators, governors and state legislators in the
South and the West
• In South Carolina farmers did not form a
separate party
• They worked to control the Democratic party
Ben Tillman
• Very popular legislator
• Had been a small farmer- promised to look out for the interest of
small farmers
• His opponents supported institutions like SC College and the Citadel.
• Believed elitist colleges- He blamed upper class for holding back the
poor white farmers in the state.
• Clemson College opened in 1893
• He often blamed the textile industry for ruining agricultural traditions
in the state.
• Promised to fight for the “little man.”
• Outspoken racist
• As he and his supporters grew in power- more segregation and
violence. Lynching became common. JIM CROW
Ben Tillman-Populist?
 Appealed to values & needs of common man
 Against Southern Bourbon elite
 Not a true populist- His goal was to gain control of the
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Democratic party
Platform of white supremacy
Later led a movement to further disenfranchise the AA voter
Bigotry and Racism by Tillman led to violence
White farmers who were poor took out frustration on AA with
lynching
Tillman’s College
 Established Clemson College
 Agricultural college-help farmers w/ crops
 Land Grant college-sale from Western lands to support
agricultural improvement in the all states
 Property @ Clemson was from the son-in-law of John C.
Calhoun
Guided Practice
D
E
A
B
C
F
Closure
 What were the roots of the Populist party, how did it begin?
 What were some of the reforms that the Populist party supported?
 Why do you think many associated Ben Tillman with the Populist
party?
Independent Practice
 Attention: The president just tweeted
about the issues the farmers are having
 Each student is to respond to the tweet
about the problems, offering solutions to
the problems and other problems that
existed
Wednesday – Immigrants 8-5.7
Bell Work 3-5-14
1. Which of the English settlements established schools so that
their children could learn to read the Bible?
a. Southern
b. Middle
c. New England
d. South Carolina
Answer: c. NEW ENGLAND
2. Which religious group believed that everyone had an inner
light?
a. Separatist ( Pilgrams)
b. Puritains
c. Dutch
d. Quakers
Answer: d . QUAKERS
Agenda
Notes/Discussion:
Key Focus:
 Immigrants
Text and graphic organizer comparing migration
patterns
Closure:Q & A using whiteboards
Independent Practice: Compare Migration patterns
Focus Statement
8-5.7
Compare migration patterns of South
Carolinians to such patterns throughout the
United States.
Relevance
What if you and your family moved
to another region in the United
States, what challenges might you
have to overcome?
What if you and your family
decided to move to another country,
what challenges might you have to
overcome?
IMMIGRANTS vs Migrant
Immigrants- People who move
from one country to settle in a new
country.
Migrants- People who move from
one region of a country to another
region of the same country
CFU
What is the Difference between an Immigrant
and Migrant?
Immigration
Example
Non-Example
 Those traveling
from China and
Europe to the
United States
 Those traveling
from South
Carolina to New
York
Previously
 What did we learn about immigrants and South Carolina?
Answer: Not many immigrants were attracted to South Carolina
 Why was this the case?
Answer: Not much work available, SC had an available workforce.
8-5.7
Compare migration patterns of South Carolinians
to such patterns throughout the United States.
 After the Civil War westward expansion continued as people moved
from one region of the country to another- Migration
 During this time people were also moving from other countries to the
US looking for better lives- Immigration
 Today we are going to compare what was happening in South Carolina to
what was happening in other parts of the United States.
Immigration
 More immigrants in the Northeast and Midwest than in
South Carolina
 Ethnic neighborhoods grew (Little Italy, Greektown, etc.)
 Helped one another find jobs and housing
 People voted for those who helped them find jobs
 Many of these people voted in were corrupt and used bribery
African Americans in SC
 Just as immigrant communities helped one another, the
African American community in SC developed organizations
and churches that supported them as they attempted to
protect themselves against white politics.
Seashore Farmers’ Lodge on Sol Legare
Immigration Restrictions
 Racial hostility
 Resentment especially of Italians, Poles, Russians,
and Eastern European Jews
 Rise of nativism
 Nativism- the political position of demanding a
favored status for certain established inhabitants of
a nation as compared to newcomers or immigrants
 Similar to anti-African American prejudices in SC
 Literacy tests were proposed
 Quota systems weren’t put into place until the
1920s
8-5.7 Compare migration patterns of South Carolinians to such
patterns throughout the United States,
 Students will use informational text to find information to fill in
a graphic organizer. They will then use the information they
have found to compare migration patterns of South Carolinians
to migration patterns in the rest of the US.
 I Do: The teacher will model using informational text to find
relevant information to fill in part of the graphic organizer
 We Do: Work together finding relevant information about
migration patterns in SC
 You Do: The students will complete the graphic organizer
 Students will then share responses
8-5.7 Compare migration patterns of South Carolinians to such
patterns throughout the United States
South Carolina
Migration/Immigration
Neighborhoods
United States
8-5.7 Compare migration patterns of South Carolinians to such
patterns throughout the United States
South Carolina
Politics
Discrimination
United States
South
Carolina-Model
United States-Guided
8-5.7 Compare migration
patterns
of South Carolinians
to such
Migration/Immigration
patterns throughout the United States
In the post Civil War period, westward expansion continued as people moved from one region to another and
immigrated to the United States. After emancipation, some African Americans moved to towns in the West
such as the Exodusters who moved to Kansas. In the postwar period, however, most South Carolinians did
not move west. Neither African-American freedmen nor poor whites had the money to make such a move,
even with the promise of free land. Instead they concentrated on making use of the available land and
economic opportunity in their home state. Motivations for settlers from the East and from foreign countries to
move West were the offers of free land by the United States government [Homestead Act] and the economic
opportunities made possible by the railroad. The transcontinental railroad first brought immigrants from
China and Europe to lay the track, then attracted new settlers to the West through aggressive advertising and
land sales and also provided farmers access to new markets.
Depressed economic conditions and low prices for their crops drove many South Carolina farmers off of the
land and to the mill villages. However mill jobs were not open to African Americans. Instead African
Americans moved from rural areas in South Carolina to factory jobs in the urban areas in the Northeast and
the Midwest. African Americans were also pushed out of the state by the continued agricultural depression
and the ravages of the boll weevil, by the social discrimination of Jim Crow laws and by increasing violence.
The wars of the 20th century would provide additional economic opportunities and prompt more migration
Closure
 Based on the information gathered at this point, on your white board
compare migration patterns in South Carolina to Migration patterns in
the rest of the US.
Independent Practice- Compare
Migration Patterns
SC
US
Reflection
 Why do you think it is important that
immigrants “added culture and
diversity” to America?
Thursday Progressive Movement
Bell Bell Work 3-6-14 4-8-13
1. Which of the following was not a characteristic of Gullah?
a. Gullah was a written Language
b. Gullah began in the sea islands of South Carolina
c. Gullah allowed slaves to communicate with each other.
d. Gullah is combination of African, Caribbean and other European cultures.
Answer: a
2. A policy of loyalty to one’s region or area is called
a. nationalism
c. sectionalism
b. imperialism
d. segregation
Answer: c
Agenda
Notes/Discussion:
Key Focus:
 Progressivism
Student Group Activity:
Closure:Q & A using whiteboards
Independent Practice:
Focus Statement
8-5.8
Compare the Progressive movement in South Carolina
with the national Progressive movement, including the
impact on temperance; women’s suffrage; labor laws;
and educational, agricultural, health, and
governmental reform.
PROGRESSIVISM- DEFINED
Progressivism-is a general political
philosophy advocating or favoring
gradual social, political, and
economic reform.
Progressivism
 The Progressive movement developed first at the city and state level
in response to the problems of the growing cities and the changing
workplace in the late nineteenth century (8-5.5).
 Nationally, Progressives wanted to reform corrupt government,
end the monopolistic practices of Big Business, improve the
conditions of the industrial working class, and address the problems
of both immigrants and migrants.
 Progressivism reached a large audience through the work of
‘muckraking’ journalists.
 Progressive mayors and governors were supported by a growing
middle class in their localities and Progressivism gained support at
the national level with the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt.
The Progressive Movement in SC
 Developed in the late 19th century
 Called “Progressivism”
 The progressives were a group of reformers
that worked to improve social and political
problems across the US
 In SC, Progressives worked to improve child
labor laws, hospitals, roads, and libraries
The Progressive Movement in SC
 In South Carolina, some national issues held little concern.
 South Carolinians were not interested in solving the problems of new
immigrants, since few came to the state.
 Some southerners, such as Ben Tillman, argued that disenfranchising
the African American was a progressive reform of government since
such an act removed from the body politic a group deemed inferior
to whites and not able to make intelligent political decisions.
 The major issues of the Progressives in South Carolina included child
labor, fair treatment for workers, temperance, women’s suffrage, and
education.
 Just as with the Populist movement in South Carolina, progressive
South Carolinians did not want to align themselves with the national
movement or party but rather worked within the Democratic Party.
Temperance Movement
 A movement that called for a ban on alcohol in the United





States
Its purpose was to limit the amount of alcohol people drank
Significant in SC, but Tillman made it ineffective
Legislature passed the bill, but Gov. Tillman, amended it to
say the state would control the distribution of alcohol.
South Carolina Dispensary-bought and sold liquor from
government ran stores
1915 SC adopted statewide Prohibition. This forbid the
sale, consumption, and distribution of alcohol in the United
States. When the country adopted the 18th amendment,
many SC bootleggers violated the law as did many across the
country.
Women’s Rights Movement
 Began prior to the Civil War
 Women’s Suffrage (right to vote) major issue during the
Reconstruction
 Upset because blacks gained the right to vote following
Civil War, but women had not
 1890s, SC had an Equal Rights Association, but it was
unsuccessful in gaining rights for women
 1912, the movement was renewed in SC
 19th Amendment passed giving women the right to vote
 SC did not ratify the amendment until 1969
8-5.8 Compare the Progressive movement in South Carolina with
the national Progressive movement, including the impact on
temperance; women’s suffrage; labor laws; and educational,
agricultural, health, and governmental reform.
 Students will complete the chart comparing the Progressive




movement in South Carolina with the national Progressive
movement.
I Do: The teacher will model using informational text to find
relevant information to complete the chart on the Progressive
movement.
We Do: Work together finding relevant information about the
Progressive in SC and nationally.
You Do: The students will complete the graphic organizer
Students will then share responses
Closure
The Progressive Movement
 SC vs. the US
Progressive Movement in SC
Issue
Reform Movement in SC
Child Labor Laws
Prohibition
Hospitals
Roads
Libraries
Tax Reforms
.
Progressive Movement in SC
Issue
Reform Movement in SC
Child Labor Laws
•Progressives pushed for the end of child labor in SC
•The first child labor law was passed in 1903. It forbid children under
12 from working in mines and factories.
•In 1917, the law raised the minimum working age to 14; and in
1937, the age increased to 16.
Prohibition
Illegalization or sale, production, and consumption of alcohol
Temperance Movement
Progressives believed that alcohol was a social ill that led people to
commit immoral acts.
In 1907, the Dispensary was closed
Almost all SC counties were “dry” by 1909
In 1915, the state prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages
Hospitals
The Progressives reorganized the state hospitals
They pushed for better medical treatment for patients
Roads
The SC Highway Department was created in 1917
The government supported the bldg. of new roads for automobile
traffic.
Libraries
•Money was raised in many areas of the state to build libraries
Tax Reforms
•The SC Tax Commission was created to establish a fair tax
•The states’ income tax laws were enforced for all South Carolinians
Independent Practice
1. Students will use informational text to
highlight relevant information to
complete graphic organizer on the
Progressive movement.
SC State Governor: Richard I. Manning, III
 Progressive governor in SC
 Pushed for reorganization and
modernization of the State
Hospital and made significant
changes to the criminal
justice system
 Developed workmen’s
compensation for people
injured on the job
 Responsible for the creation
of the South Carolina Tax
Commission, which made
sure taxes were fair and paid
by all citizens
Woodrow Wilson
 One of the strongest
national supporters of
Progressivism
 Spent much of his youth in
Columbia
 Throughout his career, he
described his experiences
in SC as positive
Materials Needed
 SC Standards
 Text book
 Informational Text
 Document Camera/Promethean Board
 PowerPoint
 Teacher Created Notes
 Teacher Created Graphic Organizers
 Video/Mill Life
 Primary Source Documents
 Study Guides/Test