5/31/16 The Cold War was a conflict Early in the Cold War of rival ideologies between from 1945 to 1949, the USA & USSR that lasted the focus of the from 1945 to 1991 conflict was on Europe George Kennan’s ‘policy of containment’ was meant to enforce the goals of ‘containment’ in the Truman Doctrine The United States used the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, & NATO to successfully contain communism in Europe (WRITE 2 NOTES Military Alliances: SEATO-­‐ Southeast Asia Treaty Organiza^on in the mid-­‐1950s Sec. State Dean Acheson (USA) states that the USA will provide $ to countries threatened by communist expansion (ex. Greece) (WRITE 3 NOTES FROM FILL-­‐IN ON NOTE TAKING SIDE OF NOTES & A REFLECTION ON LEFT SIDE OF CN ) FROM FILL-­‐IN ON NOTE TAKING SIDE OF NOTES CN ) George Kennan’s ‘policy of containment’ was meant to enforce the goals of ‘containment’ in the Truman Doctrine What is a Military Alliances which developed during the Cold War & why? (WRITE QUESTION AND RESPONSE IN CLASS NOTEBOOK) Sec. State Dean Acheson (USA) states that the USA will provide $ to countries threatened by communist expansion (ex. Greece) Beginning in 1949, however, containment seemed to fail as communism spread to China, Korea, & Vietnam in Asia 1 5/31/16 New USSR leader Nikita Khrushchev began a series of reforms known as de-­‐
Staliniza^on, which included releasing poli^cal prisoners & relaxing censorship Alexander Solzhenitsyn (author) was able to write his story about life in a Siberian work camp (USSR) …But, tensions between the USA & USSR escalated throughout the 1950s & 1960s Khrushchev seemed willing to work with the USA to ease Cold War tensions… Under Khrushchev, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik & the space race began(1957) 2 5/31/16 Under Khrushchev, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik & the space race began Under Khrushchev, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik & the space race began The crea^on of ICBMs led to the stockpiling of nuclear weapons during the arms race In 1961, John F Kennedy became U.S. president Kennedy & Khrushchev faced two important crises that heightened Cold War tensions: Building of the Berlin Wall & the Cuban Missile Crisis Khrushchev wThe as upset with the 1961 Berlin Crisis, increasing number of communist East Germans who moved to democra^c West Berlin In 1961, Khrushchev threatened to cut off access to West Berlin like Stalin’s blockade in 1948 President Kennedy promised to protect West Berlin 3 5/31/16 1948: The Soviets he 1961 The oBpposed erlin Ctrisis, crea^on of separate West German State (sec^ons: USA +France + Great Britain) Cut off access to West Berlin like that by Stalin’s blockade in 1948-­‐ 1949 Berlin Airlik by Allies 10mos 200,000 flights The Berlin Crisis, 1961 President Kennedy promised to protect West Berlin Rather than blockade the city, Communist leaders built the Berlin Wall to keep East Germans out of West Berlin 4