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* Shorter and a different version of this paper was presented at the Middle Eastern Congress on Politics
and Society in Sakarya University, on 9 October 2012.
** Dr. Uzun has completed her PhD at Department of International Relations, Middle East Technical
University, Ankara, Turkey. Her PhD thesis is titled: “Turkish-Iranian Relations in the 2000s:
Rapprochement or Beyond?”
Özüm S. Uzun, The “Arab Spring” and Its Effect on Turkish-Iranian Relations,
Ortadoğu Etütleri, Volume 4, No 2, January 2013, pp.145-164.
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In International Relations literature, rapprochement, which comes from the French word rapprocher, is used to define “the renewal of normal relations.” Graham Evans and Jeffrey Newnham,
Dictionary of International Relations, (USA: The Penguin Books, 1998), p. 462.
Özüm S. Uzun “Turkish-Iranian Relations in the 2000s: Rapprochment or Beyond?” Unpublished PhD Dissertation (Ankara: Middle East Technical Universtiy), 8 March 2012.
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
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its opposition to further economic sanctions – especially the unilateral
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“Davutoğlu: Arap Baharı Bu Yeni Neslin, Olayı Sahiplenmesinin Bölgesel Bir Sonucudur,” Zaman, 5 June 2012.
“Başbakan Yardımcısı Atalay ‘Arap Baharını’ Anlattı,” Zaman, 7 July 2012.
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
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whether these protests were shaped by internal dynamics or by foreign
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“Assoc. Prof. Hassan-Khani: Iran and Turkey Can Adopt a Cooperative Competition,” in an
interview with ORSAM Middle East Advisor Pınar Arıkan, ORSAM, ORSAM Guest, 19 December 2011, http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/showOrsamGuest.aspx?ID=263 (Accessed 11 January 2012).
“‘Iranians’ voice echoed in Muslim world’”, Press TV, February 2011, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/163526.html
“Leader calls for ‘Islamic power bloc’”, Press TV, November 5, 2011, http://www.presstv.ir/detail/208487.html (Accessed 20 August 2012)
Ibid.
“Leader: Regional revolts anti-US in core”, Press TV, July 1, 2011 http://www.presstv.ir/detail/186935.html
ibid.
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
The “Arab Spring” and Its Effect on Turkish-Iranian Relations
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(Mahmoud Kiyan Arsi)
“(Turkish-Iranian Diplomacy in the Arab Spring), Khabarnet, 11
1390 (September 2011) http://www.khabarnet.info/index.php/article/inter/86-international/5287-1390-05-11-14-51-16.html (Accessed
29 September 2011).
“Leader: Regional revolts anti-US in core”, Press TV, July 1, 2011 http://www.presstv.ir/detail/186935.html
“Iran calls Syrian protests a Western plot”, Reuters, April 12, 2011 http://www.reuters.com/
article/2011/04/12/us-syria-iran-idUSTRE73B22V20110412
Fareed Zakaria, Interview with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, CNN, 23 October
2011 http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1110/23/fzgps.01.html (Accessed 25 September 2012).
Ali Hussein Bakeer, “Turkish-Iranian Relations in the Shadow of the Arab Revolutions: A Vision
of the Present and the Future,” The Journal of Turkish Weekly, (5 July 2011) http://www.rferl.
org/content/iran_supreme_leader_makes_ambiguous_fatwa_on_facebook/24360256.html (Accessed 20 October 2011).
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
151
Özüm S. Uzun
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152
“Erdoğan Slams Russia, China, Iran over Syria in Key Party Congress”, Today’s Zaman, 30 September 2012.
Nada Bakrı, “Iran Calls on Syria to Recognize Citizens’ Demands”, New York Times, August 21,
2011 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/28/world/middleeast/28syria.html?_r=1
Fareed Zakaria, Interview with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, CNN, 23 October
2011 http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1110/23/fzgps.01.html (Accessed 25 September 2012).
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“Iran Foreign Ministry Urges Turkey, Syria to Show Restraint”, Press TV, 4 October 2012,
http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2012/10/04/264936/iran-urges-turkey-syria-to-show-restraint/
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
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154
“There is no Iranian or Turkish Islam: Salehi”, Mehr News Agency, 15 March 2011
(Foreign Policies of Turkey’s Islamists),
(The Report of the Research Commission of Iranian Parliament),
:260
8403
1386, , July 2007, Vol. 31, http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/732450
(Accessed 31 May 2011)
(Mahmoud Kiyan Arsi)
(Turkey and Iran
After the Arab Spring) http://www.mardomak.net/story/65005
(2011)
(Accessed 29 September 2011).
(Strategic Cooperation between Iran and Turkey),
(The Report of the Research Commission of Iranian Parliament),
:10635
1389
: 260 (February 2010), pp. 60-61, http://
rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/785826 (Accessed 31 May 2011).
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
The “Arab Spring” and Its Effect on Turkish-Iranian Relations
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“Erdoğan: Yeni Osmanlıcılığı Kabul Etmeyiz”, Radikal, 20 March 2011; President Abdullah
Gül gave a seminar at Chatham House where he characterized the idea of neo-Ottomanism as
unrealistic, http://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/170/77922/cumhurbaskani-Gül-chatham-housedasorulari-cevapladi.html, 8 December 2010 (Accessed 11 January 2011); Sami Kohen, “Yeni
Osmanlılık mı?” Milliyet, 25 November 2009 (Accessed 25 November 2009); In an interview,
Foreign Minister Davutoğlu emphasized that he never used the concept “neo-Ottomanism”:
Ceyda Karan, “Batı’nın Emperyal Perspektifinden Yeni Osmanlılık,” Radikal, 7 December 2009.
(Accessed 7 December 2009)
Philip Robins, “Between the EU and the Middle East: Turkish Foreign Policy under the AKP
Government, 2002-2007”, ISPI Working Papers, 2007; Kemal Kirişçi, “Between Europe and the
Middle East: The Transformation of Turkish Policy,” Middle East Review of International Affairs 8,
No. 1, March 2004; Ziya Öniş and Şuhnaz Yılmaz, “Between Europeanization and Euro-Asianism: Foreign Policy Activism in Turkey during the AKP Era,” Turkish Studies, 10, No. 1, March
2009; Alexander Murinson, “The Strategic Depth Doctrine of Turkish Foreign Policy”, Middle
Eastern Studies, Vol. 42, No. 6, November 2006, pp. 950-951; Tarık Oğuzlu, “Middle Easternization of Turkey’s Foreign Policy: Does Turkey Dissociate from the West?” Turkish Studies, Vol. 9,
No. 1, March 2008;
(Turkey and Its Policies of Neo-Ottomanism),
Iran Diplomacy, 27 October 2009 (Accessed in 17 November 2009).
For a different usage of neo-Ottomanism, see Alexander Murinson, “The Strategic Depth Doctrine of Turkish Foreign Policy”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 42, No. 6, November 2006; Reşat
Kasaba and Sibel Bozdoğan, “Turkey at a Crossroad”, Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 54,
No. 1, Fall 2000, p. 14.
M. Hakan Yavuz, “Turkish Identity and Foreign Policy in Flux: The Rise of Neo-Ottomanism,”
Middle East Critique, Spring 1998, p. 23.
Ömer Taşpınar, “Neo-Ottomanism and Kemalist Foreign Policy,” Today’s Zaman, 22 September
2008. For detailed analysis, see Ömer Taşpınar, “Turkey’s Middle East Policies: Between NeoOttomanism and Kemalism”, Carnegie Papers, Number 10 (September 2008).
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
155
Özüm S. Uzun
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'neo-Ottomanism would
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(Strategic Cooperation between Iran and Turkey),
(The Report of the Research Commission of the Iranian Parliament),
: 10635
1389
: 260, February 2010,
p. 39, http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/785826 (Accessed 31 May 2011).
“Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood Criticizes Erdoğan’s Call for a Secular State”, Al Arabiya News, 14
September 2011.
(Mochtabi Daneshtalab)
(Where is Turkey going?) Raja News, http://www.rajanews.com/Detail.asp?id=102411 , 29
1390, September 2011 (Accesses 29 September 2011).
“Turkey Made a Strategic Mistake by Agreeing to Host the NATO Shield”, Mehr News, 10
September 2011 http://www.mehrnews.com/en/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=1428696 (Accessed
11 September 2011).
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
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was created by the United States and the Arab world in favor of their
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(Zibakalam: Turkey is Eating Iran’s
Crumbs, Bon Appetit!), Khabar Online, http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-75524.aspx
1389
24 July 2010 (Accessed 2 June 2011).
(Strategic Cooperation between Iran and Turkey),
(The Report of the Research Commission of Iranian Parliament),
: 10635
1389
: 260, Febru-
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
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ary 2010, pp. 61-62, http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/report/show/785826 (Accessed 31 May 2011);
(Iran and Turkey: Ally and Competitor), 26
1389(2010), http://www.donya-e-eqtesad.com/Default_view.asp?@=243656 (Accessed 3 June
2011)
(The Propaganda Tour of Erdoğan, Is It against
Israel or for US Interests?), Raja News, http://rajanews.com/Detail.asp?id=101650
1390
21 (September 2011) (Accessed 29 September 2011).
“Iran Warns Turkey to Butt out of Syria”, IR Diplomacy, 26 July 2012, http://irdiplomacy.ir/en/
page/14882/Iran+Warns+Turkey+to+Butt+Out+of+Syria.html (Accessed 25 August 2012).
“Dozen Countries to Attend Iran Meeting on Syria as Turkey Warns Iran”, Al Arabiya News,
8 August 2012, http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/08/08/231163.html (Accessed 5 September 2012)
ibid.
Dorian Jones, “Turkey and Iran: The End of the Affair”, Radio Free Europe, 19 October 2011,
http://www.rferl.org/content/turkey_iran_end_of_the_affair/24364900.html (Accessed 21 October 2011).
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
The “Arab Spring” and Its Effect on Turkish-Iranian Relations
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“Dozen Countries to Attend Iran Meeting on Syria as Turkey Warns Iran”, Al Arabiya News,
8 August 2012, http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/08/08/231163.html (Accessed 5 September 2012).
“Turkey Turning to Iran, Russia to Tackle Syrian Crisis: Analysts”, Tehran Times, 24 October
2012.
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
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Ali Hussein Bakeer, “Turkish-Iranian Relations in the Shadow of the Arab Revolutions: A Vision of the Present and the Future”, The Journal of Turkish Weekly, 5 July 2011. http://www.rferl.
org/content/iran_supreme_leader_makes_ambiguous_fatwa_on_facebook/24360256.html (Accessed 20 October 2011).
1TVCFQþW'V×VNGTK
January 2013, Volume 4, No 2
The “Arab Spring” and Its Effect on Turkish-Iranian Relations
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