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Three Kinds of Words in Arabic
There are three kinds of words in Arabic:
1) Ism:
The name of a person, place, thing, idea, adjective,
adverb and more.
2) Fi’l:
A word that has a tense (past, present or future)
3) Harf : A word that makes no sense unless another word
comes after it.
Write the alternative definitions for these words below:
1) Ism:
2) Fi’l:
3) Harf:
Identify whether the words in the table below are isms, fi’ls or harfs.
table
Dallas
jumps
from
on
a
at
cake
country
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cats
of
peace
slept
freedom
Makkah
students
typing
America
in
loudly
tall
soundly
red
mother
rollercoaster
house
smiles
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Every ism has four properties.
Write the four properties of the ism here
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Three Forms of Status
(SUBJECT) Doer of the act: ‫ م ْرفُوع‬/ ‫ رفع‬Raf (R)
َ
َ
ْ
(OBJECT) Detail of the act: ‫ منصوب‬/ ‫ َن ْصب‬Nasb (N)
ُ َ
ْ
(POSSESSIVE) Word after ‘of’: ‫ مجرور‬/ ‫ جر‬Jarr (J)
َ
َ
Examples:
R
N
A teacher entered the classroom.
R
J
N
A student of his was sleeping soundly.
R
N
The teacher threw a pencil.
J
R
N
The teacher’s student woke up suddenly.
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Three forms of status. Place an R, N or J over the highlighted words.
1) My teacher drinks chocolate milk regularly.
2) He doesn’t like vegetables or fruits.
3) He buys his chocolate milk happily.
4) He knows his children like it, but he doesn’t share.
5) My teacher also likes yummy shawarmas.
6) His students also like shawarmas.
7) He buys shawarmas for his class sometimes.
8) My teacher loses his phone often.
9) My teacher patiently explains hard concepts.
10)
May Allah(swt) forgive my teachers.
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How To Tell Status
‫ رفع‬Raf’ Recognition:
َ
ُ (u) or ُ (un)
ending for singular
‫( ا‬aa) or ‫( ان‬aani) ending for pair
‫( و‬oo) or ‫( ون‬oona)
َ
ending for plural
‫آت‬
ُ (aatu) or ‫( آت‬aatun) ending for plural feminine
‫ َن ْصب‬Nasb Recognition:
ُ (a) or ُ (an)
ْ
‫( ُي‬ay) or ‫( ُ ْين‬ayni)
ْ
‫ُي‬
(ee) or
‫( آت‬aati)
or
‫ُ ْين‬
َ
(eena)
‫( آت‬aatin)
ending for singular
ending for pair
ending for plural
ending for plural feminine
‫ جر‬Jarr Recognition:
َ
ُ (i) or ُ (in)
ْ
‫( ُي‬ay) or ‫( ُ ْين‬ayni)
ْ
‫ُي‬
(ee) or
‫آت‬
(aati) or
‫ُ ْين‬
َ
‫آت‬
ending for singular
ending for pair
(eena)
ending for plural
(aatin)
ending for plural feminine
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Write the status (raf, nasb or jarr) of the words below. Indicate if the status is
determined by ending sound or ending combination.
Word
‫الناس‬
ُ
ْ
‫َنفس‬
1.
3.
‫واح َدة‬
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
Status
‫الل‬
َ
ْ
‫ث‬
َ ‫الخبي‬
َ
‫بالط َيب‬
‫حو ًبا‬
ُ
‫ث‬
َ ‫ث ُ ََل‬
ً ‫ن ْحل‬
َ
ً ‫هن‬
‫يئا‬
َ
ْ
‫الواِلان‬
َ َ
ْ ْ
‫اْلقربون‬
َ ُ َ َ
ْ
ْ
‫اْلُنثَيي‬
َ
‫الربع‬
ُُ ُ
‫خاِلين‬
َ
َ
ْ ْ
‫ال ُمجرمون‬
َ ُ
‫منذرين‬
ُ
َ
ْ
‫لغ ُ ََلمي‬
َ
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Sound/Combo?
Word
2.
4.
6.
8.
10.
12.
14.
16.
18.
20.
22.
24.
26.
28.
30.
32.
34.
36.
ْ
‫الكتاب‬
َ َ
Status
Sound/Combo?
َ‫َماكثي‬
ً ‫عو‬
‫جا‬
َ
ْ
‫البنُون‬
َ َ
ْ ْ
‫البحر ْين‬
َ َ
‫صابرً ا‬
َ
‫السفينَة‬
َ
ْ
‫اْل ْرض‬
َ
‫صالحات‬
َ َ
‫ش‬
َ َ‫ب‬
ْ
ْ
‫الح ْزبي‬
َ
ْ
‫بسلطَان‬
ُ
َ‫مُ َتكئي‬
ْ
ْ
‫الجنَتي‬
َ َ
‫َقائم ًة‬
َ
‫السماء‬
َ َ
‫ساوات‬
َ َ َ
ْ
‫ي‬
‫ل‬
‫ض‬
‫م‬
َ
ُ ‫ال‬
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Status
Forms
MASCULINE
FEMININE
BROKEN PLURAL
How to Tell
Light v. Heavy
Flexibility
Plural ‫مجع‬
Dual ‫مثنى‬
Singular ‫مفرد‬
‫م ْسل ُم ْون‬
َ
ُ
ْ
ْ ‫م‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫ل‬
‫س‬
َ
ُ
ْ
ْ ‫م‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫ل‬
‫س‬
َ
ُ
‫م ْسلمان‬
ُ
ْ
‫م ْسلمي‬
َ ُ
ْ
‫م ْسلمي‬
َ ُ
‫م ْسلم‬
ُ
ً
‫م ْسلما‬
ُ
‫م ْسلم‬
ُ
‫م ْسلمات‬
ُ
‫م ْسلمات‬
ُ
‫م ْسلمات‬
ُ
‫م ْسلمتان‬
َ ُ
ْ
‫م ْسلمتي‬
َ َ ُ
ْ
‫م ْسلمتي‬
َ َ ُ
‫م ْسلمة‬
َ ُ
‫م ْسلم ًة‬
َ ُ
‫م ْسلمة‬
َ ُ
ْ
‫أَقَلم‬
ْ
ً
‫أَقَلما‬
ْ
‫أَقَلم‬
‫َق َلمان‬
ْ
‫َق َلمي‬
َ
ْ
‫َق َلمي‬
َ
‫َق َلم‬
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ً
‫َق َلما‬
‫َق َلم‬
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Light vs. Heavy
Normally an ‫ اسم‬should be heavy. All the words in the Muslim chart are
heavy.
An ism is made light by removing the extra ‘n’ sound. Do this by:
 Removing the double accent (tanween) OR
 Remove the extra ‫ ن‬at the end of the ism.
NOTE: ‫ ال‬doesn’t like tanween, but an ism with ‫ ال‬isn’t considered light.
The Muslim chart in light form:
Masculine
‫م ْسل ُم ْو‬
ُ
‫م ْسلم ْي‬
ُ
‫م ْسلم ْي‬
ُ
‫م ْسلما‬
ُ
‫م ْسلم ْي‬
َ ُ
‫م ْسلم ْي‬
َ ُ
Feminine
‫م ْسلم‬
ُ
ُ
‫م ْسلم‬
َ ُ
‫م ْسلم‬
ُ
ْ
‫مات‬
ُ ‫مُسل‬
‫م ْسلمات‬
ُ
‫م ْسلمات‬
ُ
‫م ْسلمتا‬
َ ُ
‫م ْسلمت ْي‬
َ َ ُ
‫م ْسلمت ْي‬
َ َ ُ
ْ
ُ ‫مُسل َمة‬
‫م ْسلم َة‬
َ ُ
‫م ْسلمة‬
َ ُ
Identify whether the following words are light(L) or heavy(H)
1.
6.
11.
16.
21.
‫معلم ْي‬
َُ
‫سف ْينَة‬
َ
‫قُل ُ ْوب‬
‫ح َدائ َق‬
َ
ْ
‫ب ًة‬
َ ‫لَع‬
‫طالبات‬
2.
ً ‫رسَل‬
ُ ُ
7.
12.
17.
22.
ُ
‫نساء‬
‫كواعب‬
َ َ
َ
ْ
‫ال ُمتنَافسون‬
َ
َ ُ
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3.
‫َقم ْيص‬
‫رسوال‬
ُ َ
ْ
13. ‫أَساطي‬
ُ
8.
18.
23.
ْ
‫لَغ ًوا‬
‫ظالم ْي‬
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4.
9.
14.
‫ع ْينَا‬
َ
ْ
‫البنُون‬
َ َ
ْ
‫مختلفُون‬
َ ُ
َ
5.
10.
15.
19.
‫النَاشطَات‬
20.
24.
‫ثُلُثا‬
25.
‫كلمات‬
َ َ
ً
‫َق ْوال‬
‫جهن‬
ََ َ َ
‫يث‬
ُ ‫حد‬
َ
‫ذراع ْي‬
َ
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There are only FOUR reasons to for an ism to be light. Write them
below as we learn them:
1)
2)
3)
4)
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Flexibility
There are three categories of flexibility:
1) Fully flexible
 Most isms are fully flexible.
 Can be heavy or light.
 Can show all statuses (‫ رفع‬, ‫ َن ْصب‬and ‫)جر‬.
َ
َ
 Muslim chart on page 6
2) Non Flexible
 Only have one form.
 Looks the same in all statuses.
 Some words that are non flexible:
ْ
o Words ending in alif eg: ‫دنيا موسـى‬
ُ
ُ
o All ism mowsool (listed below)
َ
َ
‫ال ْين‬
‫الان‬
َ
the ones who(m)
ْ ‫اال‬/ ‫االئ ْي‬
‫ت‬
the ones who(f)
the two who(m)
ْ َ
‫الي‬
the one who(m)
‫الَتان‬
‫الَت ْي‬
the two who(f)
ْ ‫م‬
‫ن‬
َ
the one who(f)
whoever(m)
whatever(m/f)
‫ما‬
َ
o The singular and the plural pointing words
ْ
‫هذا‬, ‫هذه‬, ‫هؤالء‬,
‫ك‬
َ ‫ذل‬, ‫ك‬
َ ‫تل‬, ‫ك‬
َ ‫أُولـئ‬
ُ
3) Partly Flexible
 Cannot be heavy and cannot take a kasrah at the end.
ْ
 Has two forms: one for ‫ رفع‬and one form for ‫ َن ْصب‬and ‫جر‬
َ
َ
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Partly Flexible: A Closer Look
Words that are partly flexible:
 Proper names of places:
o Proper names of all places, whether Arab or not.
o Exception: names of places spelled with 3 letters
o Examples
How is it Treated?
Jarr
Nasb
Arab place more than 3 letters, partly
َ ‫م‬
َ ‫م‬
‫ك َة‬
‫ك َة‬
َ
َ
flexible
Non Arab place, more than 3 letters,
‫باك ْستان‬
‫باك ْستان‬
َ
َ
partly flexible
ْ
Exception: place with only 3 letters,
ً ْ
‫عدن‬
‫عدنا‬
َ
َ
fully flexible
Raf
ُ
َ ‫م‬
ُ ‫كة‬
َ
‫باك ْستان‬
ْ
‫عدن‬
َ
 Non Arab Proper names:
o Based on hadith, there are four Arab Prophets. The rest are non
Arabs. They are: (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
o Exception: names spelled with 3 letters
o Examples:
How is it Treated?
Jarr
Nasb
Raf
Arab name, fully flexible
ً
‫مح َمد‬
‫مح َمدا‬
‫مح َمد‬
َ ُ
َ ُ
َ ُ
Non-Arab name, partly flexible.
‫إ ْبراهي‬
‫إ ْبراهي‬
‫إ ْبراهي‬
ُ
َ
َ
Exception: Non-Arab name three
ً ْ
‫ن ُ ْوح‬
‫نُوحا‬
‫ن ُ ْوح‬
letters, fully flexible
Are the following words Fully(F), Partly(P), or Non Flexible(N)?
ْ
ْ
1. ‫موس‬
2. ‫جنَة‬
3. ‫يوسف‬
4. ‫عيسى‬
5.
ُ ُ
َ ُ
َ
َ
ْ
ْ
7. ‫لُوط‬
8. ‫مد‬
‫م‬
9. ‫سفينة‬
10. ‫صاحب‬
11.
َ ‫ح‬
َ
َ ُ
َ
َ
ْ
13. ‫دالَس‬
14. ‫آدم‬
15. ‫لم‬
‫َق‬
16. ‫مصيطر‬
17.
َ
َ
َ ُ
ْ
19. ‫إطعام‬
20. ‫يتي‬
21. ‫نار‬
22. ‫رسول‬
23.
َ
َ
ُ َ
َ
ْ
ْ
25. ‫رب‬
26. ‫لق‬
‫ع‬
27. ‫الرجعى‬
28. ‫إبراهي‬
29.
َ
َ
َ ُ
َ
َ
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ْ
‫رْحة‬
َ َ
‫م ْسجد‬
َ
‫ف ْرع ْون‬
َ
ْ
‫اْلُنثَى‬
‫ََلَب‬
6.
12.
18.
24.
30.
ْ
‫سلطَان‬
ُ
‫َهـ َذا‬
ْ
‫الكرى‬
َ
‫ا ْبت َغاء‬
‫أَحد‬
َ
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Number
1)
2)
3)
4)
Normal masculine plural (Muslim chart)
Normal feminine plural (Muslim chart)
Human broken plural
Non human broken plural
Broken Plurals
BPs don’t have plural endings like those in the Muslim chart. Broken
plurals have ending sounds. They can only be identified through
vocabulary, otherwise they look singular.
Human Broken Plurals:
 BPs representing intelligent beings. eg: ‫ع َلمآء‬
ُ ‫َمَلئكة ُ ُر ُسل‬
ُ
 Treated as “she” or what they really are “they”.
Non Human Broken Plurals:
 BPs representing non intelligent beings. eg: ‫د كُتُب‬
ُ ‫كَلب َمساج‬
ALL non human plurals (broken or not) are treated as a “she”.
Word
1.
2.
ْ
‫ي‬
َ ‫الم‬
َ ‫كذب‬
ُ
ْ
‫ال‬
‫ب‬
‫ج‬
َ َ ‫ال‬
‫وجوه‬
ُ ُ
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
‫نساء‬
َ
ْ
‫البحار‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫ال ُمتنَافسون‬
َ
َ ُ
ْ
‫ال ُقبور‬
ُ
ْ
‫البينَ ُة‬
َ
Meaning
the perpetual liars
the mountains
faces
women
seas
those who
race/compete
the graves
clear proof
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Treatment?
plural
Word
9.
10.
‫آيات‬
‫ش‬
َ َ‫ب‬
ْ
‫الجحي‬
َ َ
ْ
12. ‫الفيل‬
ْ ْ
13. ‫اْلرض‬
ُ َ
ْ
14. ‫أَعمال‬
َ
11.
Meaning
miraculous
signs
a person
Treatment?
sing, fem
hellfire
the
elephant
the earth
deeds
ْ the angels
َ ‫ال َم ََلئ‬
ُ ‫كة‬
ْ
two men
16. ‫لي‬
‫ر‬
َ‫ج‬
ُ َ
15.
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FEMININE BECAUSE THE ARABS SAID SO…
During a ‫ح ْرب‬, a soldier was daydreaming looking up at the ‫َسآء‬
َ
ْ
until the ‫ ََشس‬came up. When he snapped out of it, he realized
ْ
he was the only ‫ َنفس‬left on the battlefield. He was surrounded
ْ
by ‫ نار‬so he used a ‫ دلو‬full of water to make a ‫ سب ْيل‬and a ‫طر ْيق‬
َ
َ
َ
all the way to safer ‫أ َ ْرض‬. In the hot blowing ‫ ر ْيح‬he was
ْ
desperately looking for a ‫ بئر‬to draw water from. In his search,
ْ
ْ He
he found an empty ‫ دار‬inside which he finds a ‫كأس‬
َ full of ‫َخر‬.
َ
is tempted despite his fear of ‫ ج َه َن‬and ‫السعي‬
َ to take a sip but
َ
wards off his temptation and uses his ‫ عصا‬to strike the drink.
َ
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Gender
Masculine
 Default
Feminine
 Real Feminine eg: ‫( أُم‬mother) ‫( ب َقرة‬cow)
َ َ
 Fake Feminine
o ‫( آء ى ة‬in some cases)
o
o
o
o
Word
ْ
‫ي‬
َ ‫الم‬
َ ‫كذب‬
ُ
ْ
‫ال‬
َ ‫الج َب‬
‫وجوه‬
ُ ُ
‫نساء‬
َ
ْ
‫البحار‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫ال ُمتنَافسون‬
َ
َ ُ
ْ
‫ال ُقبور‬
ُ
ْ
ُ ‫ال َبينَة‬
‫رسل‬
ُ ُ
‫السائ َل‬
َ
Non Human Broken Plurals
Places
Body parts in pairs
Page 12
Meaning
the perpetual liars
the mountains
faces
women
seas
those who
race/compete
the graves
clear proof
messengers
the one who asks
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How’s it
treated?
plural, masc
Word
Meaning
‫آيات‬
miraculous
signs
a person
‫ش‬
َ َ‫ب‬
ْ
‫الجحي‬
َ َ
ْ
‫الفيل‬
ْ ‫ْاْل‬
‫ض‬
‫ر‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫أَعمال‬
َ
ْ
‫ك ُة‬
َ ‫ال َم ََلئ‬
ْ ْ
‫اليُسى‬
َ
‫نار‬
ْ ْ
‫ي‬
‫ن‬
‫م‬
‫ؤ‬
‫ال ُم‬
َ
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How’s it
treated?
sing, fem
hellfire
the elephant
the earth
deeds
the angels
the easiest
a fire
the believers
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Tell the Status, Number and Gender of the following words:
Word
‫حج ْور‬
ُ ُ
‫أ َ ْيمان‬
ُ
ْ
ْ
‫ي‬
‫ن‬
‫ص‬
‫ح‬
‫م‬
َ
ُ
1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
10.
11.
13.
14.
16.
R/S/F
ُ ‫عاق َبة‬
ْ
‫ي‬
َ ‫قانت‬
ْ
‫كي‬
َ ‫الم َل‬
َ
12.
15.
J/S/F
‫سيئات‬
َ
ْ
ْ
‫ي‬
‫ض‬
‫ْع‬
‫م‬
َ
ُ
ْ
‫للرجال‬
ْ
‫ي‬
َ ‫مُسافح‬
ْ
‫ضة‬
َ ‫الفري‬
َ
4.
9.
Status/Number/Gender
ُ
‫تجار ًة‬
َ
ْ
‫م َئتي‬
َ
ً‫ط ْوال‬
َ
ْ
‫اإلنسان‬
‫سنَن‬
َ ُ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
Word
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
ْ
‫َتذكرة‬
َ
‫يل‬
َ ‫السب‬
َ
ْ
‫الماء‬
َ َ
‫عنَ ًبا‬
Status/Number/Gender
‫ح َدائ َق‬
َ
ْ
‫ي‬
‫ف‬
‫ف‬
‫ط‬
‫م‬
‫ل‬
َ
َ
ُ ‫ل‬
‫َمجيد‬
ْ
‫ال َغاشية‬
َ
‫ع َذاب‬
َ
ْ
26. ‫الملك‬
ُ َ َ
ْ
27. ‫النَفس‬
ُ
ْ ْ
28. ُ ‫المطمئنَة‬
َ ُ
25.
29.
30.
31.
32.
‫واِل‬
َ
‫َنار‬
ْ
‫ال َقمر‬
َ
‫السائ َل‬
َ
www.bayyinah.com/10Day
Page 14
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Common vs. Proper
Common
 Default
7 Kinds of Proper
1) Words with ‫ال‬
2) Proper names
3) The one being called
4) Pronouns (page 18)
5) Ism ishaarah(pointer words) eg: ‫تلك‬
‫( هذه‬page 30)
َ
ْ ‫الي ما م‬
6) Ism Mowsool eg: ‫ن‬
َ
7) The word before “of” if the word after “of” is proper
For example, in the following ayaat, the hightled words are proper.
ْ
‫ول‬
َ ُ ‫حف اْل‬
ُ ‫إ َن َهـ َذا لَفي‬
ُ ‫الص‬
Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, (87:18)
‫حف إ ْبراهي وموس‬
The scriptures of Abraham and Moses. (87:19)
ُ ‫ص‬
ُ
َ ُ َ َ
َ
ْ
‫ل‬
‫ وأَنت حل‬And you, [Muhammad], are free of restriction in this city (90:2)
َ ‫ِبـ َذا ال َب‬
َ َ
َ
ْ
ْ
‫اها‬
‫ي‬
‫ق‬
‫س‬
‫و‬
‫ـه‬
‫الل‬
‫ة‬
‫اق‬
‫ن‬
‫ـه‬
‫الل‬
‫ول‬
‫س‬
‫ر‬
َ
َ
َ
َ َ
ُ ُ َ ‫ال لَ ُُه‬
َ ‫ ف َ َق‬And the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do
َ َ ُ َ
not harm] the she-camel of Allah or [prevent her from] her drink." (91:13)
ْ
َ
‫كى‬
‫الي يؤت م‬
َ ‫ال ي َتز‬
َ
ُ
َ َُ َ
[He] who gives [from] his wealth to purify himself (92:18)
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Indicate whether the words are common(C) or proper(P).
Word
C/P
ْ
ْ
‫ال َق ْر َني‬
1.
Reason
Word
2.
َ‫َماكثي‬
4.
‫نُوحا‬
6.
!‫يا و َِل‬
ُ َ
8.
3.
ً
‫الشجر َة‬
َ
َ َ
10.
11. ‫المؤمني‬
12.
‫النَاس‬
13. ‫رسول الل‬
14.
the messenger of Allah
a scourge of punishment
7.
َ
‫الي‬
9.
ْ ْ
ُ
َ
ُ
ُ َ
ْ‫م‬
15. ‫ري‬
ََ َ
ً
17. ‫مصدقا‬
َ ُ
ً ‫محم‬
19. ‫دا‬
َ َ ُ
ْ
21. ‫السفينة‬
َ َ
16.
18.
20.
22.
‫ط ع َذاب‬
‫س ْو‬
َ َ َ
‫ف ْرع ْون‬
َ َ
َ
‫الين‬
َ
ْ
‫اليتي‬
َ َ
ْ
‫الكرى‬
َ
ْ
‫أ َ ْصحاب الم ْيمنَة‬
َ َ ُ َ
23. ‫نار اللَـه‬
24.
the fire of Allah
the people of the right
25. ‫نساء‬
26.
ُ َ
ُ
ْ
ْ
27. ‫مؤمني‬
28.
29. ‫كنز‬
َ
30.
َ
ُ
ْ
ْ
‫الصالحات‬
َ َ
‫خاط َئة‬
َ
‫م ْوس‬
َ ُ
31. ‫الشمس‬
َ ‫مطلع‬
32.
rising of the sun
freeing of a slave
33. ‫وجوه‬
ُ ُ
34.
‫ك‬
َ ‫ذَل‬
35. ‫غَلم‬
ُ
36.
‫النَعي‬
َ
َ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
Reason
‫يا آدم‬
ُ َ َ
‫مر ًضا‬
َ َ
‫هو‬
َُ
‫أ َ ْر ًضا‬
5.
C/P
‫ك ر َقبة‬
‫ف‬
َ َ ُ َ
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Page 16
‫‪Bayyinah Institute‬‬
‫‪10 Day Arabic Intensive‬‬
‫)‪Write the four properties of each of the words (Status/Number/Gender/Type‬‬
‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬
‫‪Word‬‬
‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪J/S/M/P‬‬
‫ساجدين‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫آتية‬
‫َ‬
‫أُم‬
‫ْ‬
‫جار‬
‫ف‬
‫ال ُ َ‬
‫‪6.‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬
‫‪12.‬‬
‫ساحران‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ساحر ‪18.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫الفُ ْر َقان ‪21.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫‪15.‬‬
‫السماوات‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫اْل ْرض‬
‫َ‬
‫وًَ‬
‫ِلا‬
‫َ‬
‫قائم‬
‫ْ‬
‫ي‬
‫ل‬
‫اف‬
‫غ‬
‫ال َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ف‬
‫يُو ُس ُ‬
‫النساء‬
‫َ َ‬
‫م ْصر‬
‫َ‬
‫كتاب‬
‫َ‬
‫أ َ َساطي ُ‬
‫‪24.‬‬
‫‪27.‬‬
‫‪30.‬‬
‫‪33.‬‬
‫‪36.‬‬
‫‪39.‬‬
‫‪42.‬‬
‫‪45.‬‬
‫‪48.‬‬
‫‪51.‬‬
‫‪stories‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫َمحفُوظ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ول‬
‫اْل‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫‪Page 17‬‬
‫‪Word‬‬
‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪N/S/M/P‬‬
‫اللَـه‬
‫إ ْبراهي‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫أ ُ َمة‬
‫عيسى‬
‫َ‬
‫النَاس‬
‫الثَمرات‬
‫َ َ‬
‫سبيل‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫كة‬
‫ال َم ََلئ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫يثرب‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫الف ْيل‬
‫راج ُعون‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫القيامة‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫مخرج‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ح ْسنَى‬
‫ال ُ‬
‫ق ُ ْرآنًا‬
‫ْ‬
‫ال َقصص‬
‫َ‬
‫َنبات‬
‫َ‬
‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬
‫‪14.‬‬
‫‪17.‬‬
‫‪20.‬‬
‫‪23.‬‬
‫‪26.‬‬
‫‪29.‬‬
‫‪32.‬‬
‫‪35.‬‬
‫‪38.‬‬
‫‪41.‬‬
‫‪44.‬‬
‫‪47.‬‬
‫‪50.‬‬
‫‪54.‬‬
‫‪57.‬‬
‫‪www.bayyinah.com/10Day‬‬
‫نُوحا‬
‫ً‬
‫َماكثيَ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ال َق ْر َني‬
‫ذراع ْي‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫اْلْنار‬
‫َ َ ُ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ي‬
‫ن‬
‫م‬
‫ؤ‬
‫ال ُم‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫مُؤمنيَ‬
‫م ْري‬
‫َ ََ‬
‫دالَس‬
‫َ‬
‫والن‬
‫َر ُس َ‬
‫آي ًة‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫رج َلي‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫الجنَتي‬
‫َ َ‬
‫إ ْبليس‬
‫َ‬
‫الر ْيح‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫محجوبون‬
‫ُ‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫اْل ْسواق‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬
‫‪10.‬‬
‫‪13.‬‬
‫‪16.‬‬
‫‪19.‬‬
‫‪22.‬‬
‫‪25.‬‬
‫‪28.‬‬
‫‪31.‬‬
‫‪34.‬‬
‫‪37.‬‬
‫‪40.‬‬
‫‪43.‬‬
‫‪46.‬‬
‫‪49.‬‬
‫‪markets‬‬
‫‪plants‬‬
‫َشاهد‬
‫ْ‬
‫ال َقمر‬
‫َ َ‬
‫‪Word‬‬
‫‪53.‬‬
‫‪56.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫ال‬
‫ع‬
‫ال َ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫النَجم‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive‬‬
‫‪52.‬‬
‫‪55.‬‬
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Pronouns
‫هما‬
ُ
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ْ‫ ه‬or ْ‫ه‬
ُ
Raf
“Both of them” Raf
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫هما‬
ُ
Nasb/Jarr(attached)
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫ن‬
ُ
َ ‫ ه‬or ‫ن‬
َ ‫ه‬
ْ‫أ ْنت‬
ُ َ
“You (m. pl)”
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫كُ ْم‬
Raf
ْ
‫ن‬
َ ُ ‫أَنت‬
“You (f. pl)”
“She”
‫هي‬
َ
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫ هما‬or ‫هما‬
ُ
‫ها‬
ْ
‫أَنتُما‬
ْ
‫أَنت‬
َ
Raf
“Both of you” Raf
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
“You(m.s)”
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫كُما‬
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫َك‬
ْ
‫أَنتُما‬
ْ
‫أَنت‬
Raf “Both of you(f)”
Raf
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫ن‬
َ ُ‫ك‬
Raf
‫ ه‬or ‫ه‬
ُ
Raf “Both of them(f)” Raf
‫ن‬
ُ
َ ‫ه‬
Raf
‫هو‬
ُ
َ
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫ هما‬or ‫هما‬
ُ
“They(f)”
“He”
‫كُما‬
ْ
‫َنحن‬
ُ
Nasb/Jarr (attached)
‫نا‬
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
3rd Person Pronouns
ْ‫ه‬
ُ
Raf
“You(f.s)”
2nd Person Pronouns
“They(m)”
‫ك‬
“We”
Raf
“I”
‫أَنا‬
ْ nasb / ‫ ي‬jarr
‫ن‬
1st Person
Pronoun
Raf
(both are attached)
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Write your pronoun notes here:
1) An independent pronoun is always in the __________ status
2) An attached pronoun is nasb in two cases:
i.
ii.
3) An attached pronoun is jarr in two cases:
i.
ii.
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Pronoun Practice: Give the 4 properties of the pronouns below, and translate the
pronoun. Some examples have been done for you.
1. ‫هو‬
َُ
R/S/M/P he/it
2. ‫َنصرها‬
َ َ
3. ‫ع َل ْينا‬
َ
4. ‫َق ْومي‬
NorJ/S/F/P her/it
5. ‫وع َدكُم‬
َ َ
ْ
11. ‫َنحن‬
ُ
ْ
21. ‫َتنصركُما‬
ُ ُ
ْ
22. ‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫ن‬
َ ُ َ‫أ‬
13. ‫ن‬
ُ ‫كتابُـ‬
َ ‫ك‬
23. ‫أَنت‬
َ
24. ‫استغف ْره‬
َ
ُ
ْ
12. ‫أَخرج ُهما‬
َ َ
14. ‫ُه‬
15. ‫هما‬
ُ
25. ‫ن‬
َ ‫فهي‬
6. ‫بأ َ َْنم‬
ُ
16. ‫هما‬
ُ ‫ناص ُر‬
17. ‫ن‬
ُ
َ ‫ه‬
26. ‫هي‬
َ
27. ‫كُل ُ ُُه‬
8. ‫أَنا‬
18. ‫َيديه‬
َ
ْ
19. ‫أَلقها‬
28. ‫إنَني‬
10. ‫به‬
20. ‫ربك‬
َ
30. ‫يعل ُمنا‬
َُ
7. ‫إنَـني‬
ْ
9. ُ ‫منه‬
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
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29. ‫كم‬
‫ع َل ْي‬
ُ
َ
Page 20
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Primary Rules for the Idhafah
1. The ‫( مضاف‬word before “of”) should be:
ُ
a. Light
b. No alif-laam (‫)ال‬
2. The ‫( مضاف إليه‬word after “of) should be
ُ
a. In ‫ جر‬status
َ
3. No long distance relationship
4. The last property of the ‫مضاف‬, type, is dictated by the ‫مضاف إليه‬
ُ
ُ
5. Both the ‫ مضاف‬and the ‫ مضاف إليه‬should be isms.
ُ
ُ
Basic Kinds of Idafah
1. “of” translation eg: Imam of the masjid ‫إمام الم ْسجد‬
َ ُ
2. Pronoun attached to an ism eg: His house ُ ‫ب ْيتُه‬
َ
ْ
3. Special Mudhafs
eg: Under the earth ‫ْل ْرض‬
‫َتح‬
َ ‫تا‬
َ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Special Mudhafs
(don’t give an “of” meaning)
after
behind
right in
front of
especially
from
ْ
‫بع َد‬
َ
ْ
‫ف‬
َ ‫خل‬
َ
‫قُدام‬
َ
ْ
‫َِلن‬
ُ
some,
some of
ْ
‫ض‬
‫ع‬
َ ‫َب‬
besides,
other
than
‫د ْون‬
ُ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
below
in front of
behind,
beyond
other
than
ْ
‫َتحت‬
َ
above
‫أَمام‬
َ
‫ورآء‬
َ
َ
ْ
‫َغي‬
with
‫مع‬
ََ
which,
any
‫أَي‬
before
between
around,
surrounding
with, at,
has,
by/beside
each, all,
every, the
whole
www.bayyinah.com/10Day
‫فَ ْو َق‬
‫َق ْب َل‬
ْ
َ‫َبي‬
‫ح ْو َل‬
َ
ْ
‫عن َد‬
‫كُل‬
Page 22
‫‪10 Day Arabic Intensive‬‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ال ُمجرمون النَار‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫كُل مثَل‬
‫َ‬
‫أ َ ْكثر ْ‬
‫َشء‬
‫ََ َ‬
‫منَع النَاس‬
‫َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫مجمع البحر ْين‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫َغي َنفس‬
‫‪Idafah Practice: Tell whether each instance is an idafah or not‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬
‫‪12.‬‬
‫‪16.‬‬
‫‪20.‬‬
‫‪24.‬‬
‫أَبواه‬
‫ََ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫أَقرب رْحًا ‪32.‬‬
‫َ َ ُ‬
‫ْ ْ ْ‬
‫ي الحزبي ‪36.‬‬
‫أَ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫الشمس ‪40.‬‬
‫مغب‬
‫َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫زبر الحديد ‪44.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫َُ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫بي الصدفي ‪48.‬‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ذا رْحة ‪52.‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫وعد رب ‪56.‬‬
‫َ ُ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ُه ‪60.‬‬
‫ض ُ‬
‫َبع َ‬
‫‪28.‬‬
‫عبادي‬
‫َ‬
‫عم ًَل صال ً‬
‫حا‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ملك النَاس‬
‫َ‬
‫‪Page 23‬‬
‫‪Bayyinah Institute‬‬
‫‪64.‬‬
‫‪68.‬‬
‫‪72.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫َتحِت ْم‬
‫ْ‬
‫َمثَ ًَل رج َلي‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ب ْي ََنُما‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫كلتا الجنَتي‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ه َو اللَـه ُ‬
‫ك‬
‫جن َ َت َ‬
‫َ‬
‫اؤ َها‬
‫َم ُ‬
‫دون اللَـه‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫الو َالية ُ للَـه‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َمثَ َل الحياة‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫اْل ْرض‬
‫ات َ‬
‫َن َب ُ‬
‫كل ْ‬
‫َشء‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ات‬
‫ح‬
‫ال‬
‫الص‬
‫ات‬
‫ي‬
‫اق‬
‫ب‬
‫َ َ ُ‬
‫ال َ َ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫وضع الكتاب‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫أ َ ْمر ربه‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫السماوات‬
‫ق‬
‫ل‬
‫خ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ي ْرجو ل َقاء‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫َن ْصر اللَـه‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬
‫‪15.‬‬
‫‪19.‬‬
‫‪23.‬‬
‫‪27.‬‬
‫‪31.‬‬
‫‪35.‬‬
‫‪39.‬‬
‫‪43.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫بأ ًسا شد ً‬
‫يدا‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ات َ‬
‫خ َذ اللَـه ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫الحديث أَس ًفا‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫أ ْ‬
‫حسن عم ًَل‬
‫َ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫كهف‬
‫أ َ ْصح‬
‫اب ال َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫السماوات‬
‫ب‬
‫َر ُ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫سلطَان بي‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫آيات اللَـه‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ـه‬
‫الل‬
‫د‬
‫َي‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ك ْم‬
‫ُ‬
‫َربُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫وع َد اللَـه‬
‫َ‬
‫َال تُمار‬
‫َ‬
‫‪47.‬‬
‫‪51.‬‬
‫ائة‬
‫َث ََل َ‬
‫ث م َ‬
‫مع َ‬
‫الين‬
‫ََ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪55.‬‬
‫‪59.‬‬
‫‪63.‬‬
‫‪67.‬‬
‫‪71.‬‬
‫دونه‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ات عدن‬
‫جن‬
‫َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫لَنَف َد البحر‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫طعام الم ْسكي‬
‫ََ‬
‫‪www.bayyinah.com/10Day‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬
‫‪10.‬‬
‫‪14.‬‬
‫‪18.‬‬
‫‪22.‬‬
‫‪26.‬‬
‫‪30.‬‬
‫‪34.‬‬
‫‪38.‬‬
‫‪42.‬‬
‫‪46.‬‬
‫‪50.‬‬
‫‪54.‬‬
‫‪58.‬‬
‫‪62.‬‬
‫‪66.‬‬
‫‪70.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫يدخُ َل الجن َ َة‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ك ْم‬
‫هان‬
‫ُ‬
‫بُر َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ي‬
‫كُن ُت صادق َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫أ َ ْربع َة أَش ُهر‬
‫ََ‬
‫ي ْوم الحج‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫و أَذان من الل‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ظ قُلُوِب ْم‬
‫َغي َ‬
‫بعذاب أَل ْي‬
‫َ‬
‫م َدِت ْم‬
‫ُ‬
‫كُ َل م ْرصد‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َغفُ ْور رح ْي‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫عن َد الم ْسجد‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫عن َد رس ْول‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫َلة‬
‫و أَقام ْوا‬
‫َ‬
‫الص َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫أْ‬
‫ماْن ْم‬
‫ي‬
‫َ‬
‫َُ‬
‫دور َق ْوم‬
‫ص‬
‫ُ ُ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ً‬
‫الف ْرد ْوس نُزال‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ً‬
‫َمجع ماال‬
‫ََ َ‬
‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬
‫‪13.‬‬
‫‪17.‬‬
‫‪21.‬‬
‫‪25.‬‬
‫‪29.‬‬
‫‪33.‬‬
‫‪37.‬‬
‫‪41.‬‬
‫‪45.‬‬
‫‪49.‬‬
‫‪53.‬‬
‫‪57.‬‬
‫‪61.‬‬
‫‪65.‬‬
‫‪69.‬‬
‫‪Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive‬‬
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Idafah with pronouns. Fill in the blanks with the pronouns
ْ
1. ‫ك ْم‬
‫س‬
‫ف‬
‫ن‬
‫أ‬
ُ
ُ ُ َ
ْ
2. ‫ك ْم‬
‫ي‬
‫غ‬
ُ ُ ‫َب‬
ْ
3. ‫ُزخرفَها‬
ُ
4. ‫أ َ ْمرنا‬
ُ
ْ
5. ‫َق ْوم ُُه‬
َ
ْ
6. ‫أَهلُها‬
7. ‫د ْوده‬
‫ح‬
ُ َ ُ ُ
8. ‫ك ْم‬
‫كان‬
ُ
َ ‫َم‬
ْ
9. ‫بمثل‬
10. ‫فَِلُمه‬
ْ
11. ‫ن‬
‫ه‬
‫ل‬
‫ه‬
َ‫أ‬
َ
ْ ‫إ‬
12. ‫ن‬
‫داه‬
‫ح‬
َ ُ
13. ‫كآؤكُ ْم‬
ُ
ُ ‫ش َر‬
14. ‫ن‬
ُ ‫َص‬
َ ‫دقاِت‬
ْ ‫عم‬
15. ‫ل‬
َ َ
16. ‫ك‬
َ ‫َرب‬
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
___________selves
___________ rebellion
___________ glitter
___________ command
___________ nation
___________ family/people/dwellers
___________ boundaries
___________ place
With ___________ example/likeness
Then for ___________ mother
___________ family
One of ___________
___________ associates
___________ marriage gifts
___________ action/work
___________ lord
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Page 24
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Special Mudhaf Practice. Fill in the blanks with the correct meanings
ْ
1. ‫ب َغي الحق‬
َ
2. ‫ك ْم‬
‫رآئ‬
ُ
َ ‫َو‬
ْ ْ
3. ‫خلفُه‬
َ
ْ ْ
4. ‫ف َ ْو َق اثنَتي‬
َ
ْ
5. ‫َق ْبلُه‬
ْ
6. ‫ك ْم‬
ُ ‫َبع‬
َ ‫ض‬
7. ‫ب ْينَنا‬
َ
8. ‫أ َ َُي ْم‬
ُ
ْ ْ
ْ
9. ‫بيَ اْلُختي‬
َ
َ
10. ‫ك ْم‬
‫ورآء ذَل‬
ُ
َ
َ
11. ‫َِلنَا‬
ُ
ْ ‫ب ْعد الفر‬
12. ‫ضة‬
‫ي‬
َ
َ َ َ
ْ
13. ‫ك‬
َ ‫دُو َن ذل‬
ْ
14. ‫عن َد َك‬
15. ‫ف َ ْو َقها‬
ْ
16. ‫الشجرة‬
‫َتحت‬
َ
َ
َ َ
17. ‫ب ْي ََنُما‬
َ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
______________ the right justification
______________ all of you
______________ them
______________ two women
______________ them
______________ you all
______________ us
______________ them
______________ two sisters.
______________ that for all of you
______________ behalf
______________ the obligation
______________ that
______________ have
______________ her/it
______________ the tree.
______________ both of them.
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Page 25
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Primary Rules for Mowsoof + Sifah
1. Mowsoof ( ‫ ) م ْوصوف‬must be
ُ َ
a. First
b. Only one
2. Sifah( ‫) ص َفة‬
a. Has the same 4 properties as the Mowsoof
b. Is after the Mowsoof
c. May be more than one
d. Can tolerate a long distance relationship
Note:
 The mowsoof is never a pronoun, pointer word, or ism mowsool
 The sifah is never a proper name, pronoun, or pointer word.
 Look out for non human plurals and their feminine sifahs. For example:
‫ الكت‬the small books ‫يل‬
‫ حقائ‬beautiful bags
َ ‫ب َمج‬
ُ ‫ية‬
َ ‫ب ال‬
َ ‫صغ‬
َ
ُ ُ ُ
ُ
Examples of Mowsoof Sifah. Write the 4 properties of the highlighted word.
a heavy word
ً ‫ق ْو ًال ثق‬
‫يَل‬
َ
َ
ْ
ْ
the greatest calamity
‫بى‬
‫َامة ُ ال‬
ُ
َ ‫الط‬
َ ‫ك‬
purified scriptures
‫ح ًفا ُمطَ َهر ًة‬
ُ ‫ص‬
ُ
َ
a great test from your Lord
‫ك ْم عظي‬
‫ب ََلء من َرب‬
َ ُ
َ
elevated beds
‫سرر َم ْرفُوعة‬
َ
ُ ُ
ْ
like eaten straw
‫كع ْصف َمأكُول‬
ََ
ْ
the great attainment
ْ ‫الْف‬
‫ي‬
‫ب‬
‫ك‬
‫ال‬
‫ز‬
‫و‬
َ
ُ َ
ُ
an intensely hot fire
‫َنار حامية‬
َ َ
ْ
ْ
for two orphan boys
‫لغ ُ ََلمي يتيمي‬
َ َ
َ
abundant gains
‫ية‬
َ ُ ‫َم َغان‬
َ ‫كث‬
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
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Page 26
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Primary Rules for Harf of Jarr
1. The harf of jarr makes its ism jarr.
2. No long distance relationship.
3. There are 17 harf of jarr. We will learn 11 that are in the Quran.
ْ
4. The harf of jarr is called the ‫ جار‬and the ism it makes jarr is the ‫مجرور‬
ُ َ
for/have
(pronoun ‫ َل‬all else ‫)ل‬
about/away from
‫ل‬
like
(comparison)
‫َك‬
ْ ‫ع‬
‫ن‬
َ
in/about
ْ
‫ف‬
to/towards
‫إل‬
‫ت‬
َ
swear by Allah
only
from/because of
ْ ‫)م‬
(not ‫ن‬
َ
until (2)
ْ ‫م‬
‫ن‬
‫حتى‬
َ
with
‫ب‬
oath
‫و‬
َ
(Not the ‫ و‬for“and”)
on/upon/against
‫عىل‬
َ
Additional notes:
 When attached to a pronoun, the ‫ ل‬is pronounced ‫ َل‬otherwise it is ‫ل‬.
ْ ‫لر‬
For example: ‫ك ْم‬
َ‫ ل‬vs. ‫سول‬
ُ
ُ َ
 Don’t confuse the harf of jarr lam with the lam for emphasis. The lam for
emphasis does not make isms jarr. For example:
ْ
‫ – لَنَحن‬Most certainly, I swear to it, we.
‫ – لَنا‬For us (harf of jarr).
ُ
 Don’t confuse the ‫ و‬harf of jarr (for oaths only) with the connector ‫و‬
َ
َ
which means “and”
ْ ‫ م‬and ‫ن‬
ْ ‫ ع‬are attached to ‫ ما‬they are written as ‫ مما‬and ‫عما‬.
 When ‫ن‬
َ
َ َ
َ
 When attached to a pronoun, ‫ إل‬and ‫ عىل‬are pronounced with a ‫ي‬. For
ْ
example: ‫ ع َل ْيه‬or ‫ك‬
َ ‫إلَي‬
َ
Identify if the following are harf of jarr fragments
ْ
ْ
ْ
1. ‫بالحق‬
2. ‫كعصف مأكُول‬
3.
َ
َ
ََ
ْ ْ
5. ‫كل همزة‬
‫ل‬
6. ‫من خوف‬
7.
ُ
ُ
َ
َ َ
ْ ‫عىل طعام الْم‬
9. ‫ددة‬
‫م‬
‫م‬
‫د‬
‫م‬
‫ع‬
‫ف‬
10.
‫ي‬
‫ك‬
‫س‬
11.
ََ َ َ
َ َ َ ُ َ َ
ْ
ْ
13. ‫بأَصحاب الفيل‬
14. ‫لربك‬
15.
َ َ
َ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
‫ك‬
‫ب‬
‫ر‬
‫د‬
‫م‬
‫ب‬
َ َ ‫ح‬
َ
‫ف جيد َها‬
‫ومن َشر‬
َ
ْ
ْ
ْ
‫ح َتى مط َلع ال َفجر‬
َ
َ
www.bayyinah.com/10Day
4.
8.
12.
16.
‫بحجارة من سجيل‬
َ َ
‫ف دين اللَـه‬
ْ ْ
‫مع ال ُعس‬
ََ
ْ ْ
‫ن أَعطَى‬
‫م‬
َ
Page 27
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Primary Rules for Harf of Nasb
1. The harf of nasb makes its ism nasb.
2. Can tolerate a long distance relationship.
‫ن‬
َ ‫لَـك‬
however
‫لَع َل‬
َ
‫لَ ْيت‬
َ
so that, hopefully, maybe
alas (express regret)
certainly, for sure
‫إ َن‬
that
‫أ َ َن‬
as though, as if
‫كأ َ َن‬
َ
because
‫بأ َ َن‬
Note:
The nasb form of the pronoun ‫ أَنا‬is ‫ ن‬and the nasb form of ‫ نحن‬is ‫نا‬. When attached
to a harf of nasb, these pronouns can be written fully, or the ‫ ن‬can be dropped. ‫إنَني‬
or ‫ إن‬and ‫ إنَنا‬and ‫إنَا‬. For example:
َ Those who say, "Our Lord, indeed we have believed…." (3:16)
‫الين ي ُقولُون ر َبنَا إنَنَا آمنَا‬
َ
َ َ
َ َ
ْ
ْ ْ
‫ إنَا أَنزلنَاه ف لَ ْي َل ال َقدر‬Indeed, We sent it down during the Night of Decree. (97:1)
ُ َ
‫ك‬
َ ُ‫إن أ َ َنا َرب‬
Indeed, I am your Lord (20:12)
‫إنَني أ َ َنا اللَـه ُ َال إلَـه إ َال أ َ َنا‬
َ
Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me (20:14)
Determine if the following contains a harf of nasb fragment.
ْ ْ
‫أ َ َن ل َ ُُه أَجرً ا‬
1.
ْ
‫ك‬
‫س‬
‫ف‬
َ َ َ‫ك َباخع ن‬
َ َ‫ف َ َل َعل‬
5.
9.
13.
17.
‫كذ ًبا‬
‫إن يقول‬
َ ‫ون إ َال‬
َ ُ ُ َ
ْ
‫إنَا جعلنَا‬
َ َ
ْ
ْ
‫كهف‬
‫أ َ َن أ َ ْصح‬
َ ‫اب ال‬
َ َ
2.
6.
10.
14.
18.
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
‫إ َْن ْم فتية‬
َ
ُ
ْ
‫عو‬
‫لن ند‬
َ ُ َ َ
‫َل وليًا‬
َ ُ
ْ
‫إ َن اإلنسان‬
َ َ
‫أن مال‬
َُ َ َ َ
3.
‫إ َْنا ع َل ْهيم‬
َ َ
4.
7.
‫ك‬
َ ‫إ َن َشان َئ‬
8.
11.
‫و ص َد َق‬
َ َ
12.
15.
19.
‫من بخ َل‬
َ َ
‫إ َن َهـ َذا‬
www.bayyinah.com/10Day
16.
20.
‫إ َن إلَ ْينَا إياِب ْم‬
ُ َ َ
‫ُث إ َن ع َل ْينَا حساِبم‬
َ َ
ُ َ َ
ْ
‫أَن لَن يقدر‬
َ َ
ْ
‫َنار ُمؤص َدة‬
َ
ْ
ْ ْ
ً ُ ‫إ َن مع العس ي‬
‫سا‬
ُ ََ
Page 28
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Harf of Jarr: Examples from the Quran
With the believers (with, because of, by, at, in, etc)
َ‫المؤمني‬
ُ ‫ب‬
‫ب‬
They said, “By Allah!”
‫َقالُوا َتالل‬
ْ
‫كع ْصف مأكُول‬
ََ
َ
‫ت‬
َ
Like eaten straw
‫َك‬
‫ك ْم‬
َ ‫َو ل‬
ُ
‫و الع ْصر‬
َ َ
ْ ْ
‫ك ْم‬
‫ن أَنفُس‬
‫م‬
ُ
And for you(pl).
(I swear) By the fleeting passage of time!
From amongst yourselves.
‫ل‬
‫و‬
َ
ْ ‫م‬
‫ن‬
‫ف القصاص حياة‬
َ
ْ
ْ
‫نفال‬
‫اْل‬
َ َ ‫ك َعن‬
َ ‫ون‬
َ ُ ‫يَسأَل‬
ْ
ْ ْ
‫كل ال ُمؤمنُون‬
‫و ع َىل اللَـه فَليتو‬
َ
َ َ
َ
َََ
ْ
ْ
‫الفجر‬
َ ‫حتى َمطلَع‬
َ
ْ
‫حتى حي‬
َ
ْ
ْ
‫َيدي إل الرشد‬
ُ
َ
In just retribution there is life
They ask you regarding the spoils of war
And upon Allah the believers should place their trust.
Until the rise of dawn(1).
Until a time(2).
It (the Quran) guides towards what is right.
ْ
‫ف‬
ْ ‫ع‬
‫ن‬
َ
‫عىل‬
َ
‫حتى‬
َ
‫حتى‬
َ
‫إل‬
Harf of Nasb: Examples from the Quran
‫إ َن الل‬
Certainly Allah is
َ
That they are/ that certainly they are
As though there is a deafness in his ear (literally barrier)
That is because they said….
Woe is me! I only I didn’t take so-and-so for a friend.
On the contrary, righteousness is
So that you may be grateful.
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
‫أ َ َْن ْم‬
ُ
ً ْ
ْ ‫كأن‬
‫ف أُذ ُ َن ْيه وقرا‬
َ َ َ
َ
‫ك بأ َ َْن ْم َقالُوا‬
َ ‫ذَل‬
ُ
ً ‫يا و ْيلتى ل ْيتني ل ْم أتخ ْذ فَلنًا خل‬
‫يَل‬
َُ
ََ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ
َ
‫الب‬
‫ن‬
َ
َ ‫لَـك‬
ْ
‫ك ْم تَشكُرون‬
َ ‫لَ َعل‬
ُ
َ ُ
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‫إ َن‬
‫أ َ َن‬
‫كأ َ َن‬
َ
‫بأ َ َن‬
‫لَ ْيت‬
َ
‫ن‬
َ ‫لَـك‬
‫لَع َل‬
َ
Page 29
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
Pointing Words ‫أَساء اإل َشارة‬
ُ
Near
‫َهـ ُؤ ََلء‬
‫َهـ َذان‬
‫َهـ ُؤ ََلء‬
‫َهـ َذ ْين‬
‫َهـ ُؤ ََلء‬
‫َهـتان‬
َ
‫َهـ ُؤ ََلء‬
ْ
‫ك‬
‫ئ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ل‬
‫و‬
‫أ‬
ُ
َ
َ
ْ‫أ‬
‫ك‬
‫ئ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ل‬
‫و‬
َ َ ُ
ْ
‫ك‬
‫ئ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ل‬
‫و‬
‫أ‬
ُ
َ
َ
ْ‫أ‬
‫ك‬
‫ئ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ل‬
‫و‬
َ َ ُ
ْ
‫َهـتي‬
َ
‫َهـ َذا‬
Masculine
‫َهـ َذا‬
‫ َنصب‬or ‫جر‬
‫َهـذه‬
Feminine
‫َهـذه‬
‫ َنصب‬or ‫جر‬
‫ك‬
‫ل‬
‫ذ‬
َ
Masculine
‫ك‬
َ ‫ذل‬
‫ َنصب‬or ‫جر‬
Far
‫ك‬
‫ان‬
‫ذ‬
َ
َ
ْ‫ذ‬
‫ك‬
‫ن‬
‫ي‬
َ َ
‫ك‬
‫ان‬
‫ت‬
َ َ
ْ‫ت‬
‫ك‬
‫ن‬
‫ي‬
َ َ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
‫ك‬
‫ل‬
‫ت‬
َ
ْ
‫ك‬
َ ‫تل‬
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Feminine
‫ َنصب‬or ‫جر‬
Page 30
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Using pointers:
1. To make a fragment:
a. The pointer must be followed immediately by ‫ال‬
b. 4 properties of the pointer (‫ )إسم اإلشارة‬and “pointed at” (‫)مشار إليه‬
ُ
ُ
must match
2. To make a sentence:
a. Pointer should not have ‫ ال‬after it
ْ
fragment this house
ْ ْ
‫ب َهـ َذا الب ْيت‬
‫ر‬
‫وا‬
‫د‬
‫ب‬
‫ع‬
‫ي‬
‫ل‬
‫ف‬
ُ
َ
َ َ
ُ َ
َ
ْ
ْ
fragment in this worldly/lowest life
‫اِلنيا‬
‫ف َهـذه الحياة‬
ُ
َ
َ َ
ْ
fragment this Quran
‫َهـ َذا ال ُق ْرآن‬
ُ
ْ
‫دود اللَـه‬
‫ح‬
‫ك‬
‫ل‬
‫ت‬
ُ ُ ُ َ
‫ك أ َ ْصحاب النَار‬
َ ‫أُولَـئ‬
ُ َ
‫اقة ُ اللَـه‬
َ ‫َهـذه َن‬
sentence
Those are the boundaries of Allah.
sentence
Those are the companions of the fire
sentence
This is the she-camel of Allah
Determine if the following are sentences or fragments
1.
4.
7.
10.
13.
16.
ْ
‫ِبـ َذا الحديث‬
َ
َ
‫َهـذه سبيل‬
َ
‫اؤ َنا‬
ُ ‫َهـ ُؤ َالء‬
ُ ‫ش َف َع‬
‫و َهـ َذا النَبي‬
ُ
َ
ْ
‫ف َهـ َذا ال ُق ْرآن‬
‫الشجر َة‬
َ ‫َهـذه‬
َ َ
2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
ْ
ْ
‫ات الكتاب الحكي‬
‫آي‬
‫ك‬
‫ل‬
ُ َ َ ‫ت‬
َ
َ
ْ
ْ
‫اِلنيا‬
‫اة‬
‫ي‬
‫ح‬
‫ذلك متاع ال‬
َ ُ
َ َ ُ ََ َ َ
‫خ ْصمان‬
‫هـذان‬
َ َ َ َ
‫َهـ َذا رب‬
َ
‫ك‬
ُ ‫إ َن َهـ َذا َع‬
َ َ ‫دو ل‬
ْ ‫هـذه م‬
‫ن عند َك‬
َ
www.bayyinah.com/10Day
3.
6.
9.
12.
15.
18.
ْ
‫َهـ ُؤ َالء ال َق ْوم‬
ْ
ْ
‫اِلار اَلخر ُة‬
‫ك‬
‫ل‬
‫ت‬
ُ َ َ
َ
ْ
‫ك أ َ ْصحاب الجنَة‬
َ ‫أُولَـئ‬
َ ُ َ
ْ
ْ
‫إ َن َهـ َذا ال ُقرآن‬
َ
ْ
ْ ‫ت ْلك م‬
‫ن أَنباء ال َغ ْيب‬
َ
َ
‫اقة ُ اللَـه‬
َ ‫َهـذه َن‬
Page 31
Bayyinah Institute
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ْ
Jumlah Ismiyyah ‫مج َل إسيَة‬
ُ
Finding the Invisible IS:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Independent pronouns are usually followed by “IS”
‫ أَنا م ْسلم‬I am a Muslim.
ُ
Pointer word followed by other than ‫ال‬.
‫َهذا ب ْيت‬
This is a house
َ
Harf of nasb and its ism is usually followed by “IS”
ْ ‫ إن الل عىل كل‬Indeed, Allah is…
‫َشء َقد ْير‬
َ ُ
َ َ َ
Proper followed by common
ْ
‫ية‬
‫ الكت‬The books are small.
َ ‫ب َصغ‬
ُ ُ ُ
A break in the chain
ْ
‫اِلار‬
‫ الر‬The man is in the house.
َ ‫ج ُل ف‬
ُ َ
Additional examples from the Quran:
ْ
ْ
ْ
ْ
ْ
ْ
‫ك من آيات اللَـه‬
‫اْلرض‬
‫إ َن يأجوج ومأجوج مفسد‬
َ ‫ون ف‬
َ ‫ذَل‬
َ ُ
ُ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ
َ
ْ
ْ ‫إلـهك‬
‫ك ْم‬
‫ب‬
‫ر‬
‫ن‬
‫م‬
‫ق‬
‫ح‬
‫ال‬
‫د‬
‫اح‬
‫و‬
‫ه‬
‫ـ‬
‫ل‬
‫إ‬
‫م‬
ُ
َ
ُ
ُ
ُ َ
َ
َ
َ
ْ
ً
ْ ‫ذلك عيسى‬
‫نك ماال‬
‫م‬
‫ر‬
‫ث‬
‫ك‬
‫أ َ َنا أ‬
‫ابن م ْري‬
َ
َ
َ َ
َ
َ
َ
ُ
ََ َُ
ْ
‫ك‬
‫س‬
‫ف‬
‫ك‬
َ َ َ‫ك َباخع ن‬
َ َ ‫ف َ َل َعل‬
َ ُ‫أ َ َنا َرب‬
ْ ْ
ْ
‫نت ُمسل ُمون‬
‫د للَـه‬
‫ال‬
ُ ‫حم‬
ُ َ‫أ‬
َ
َ
ْ
ْ
ْ
‫هو ال َغفُور الودود‬
‫و‬
‫ة‬
‫ر‬
‫ك‬
‫ذ‬
‫إ َن َهـذه َت‬
ُ ُ َ ُ
َُ َ
َ
‫هو الل‬
َُ َُ
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‫واللَـه ُمن وراِئم ُمحيط‬
َ
َ َ
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Past Tense ‫الفعل الماضي‬
Plural
They helped.
Pair
‫ُه‬
They (2) helped. ‫هما‬
ُ He helped.
‫َنصروا‬
ُ َ
They(f) helped.
‫َنصر‬
َ َ
‫َنصرتا‬
َ َْ
ْ
‫َنصرت‬
َ َ ْ
ْ‫ أ ْنت‬You (2) helped. ‫أنتما‬
ُ َ
ُ َ
‫َنص ْر ُت‬
َ
‫َنص ْرتُما‬
َ
ْ ‫نص‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫ر‬
َ ُ َ َ
‫َنص ْرتُما‬
َ
You helped.
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ُ
‫َنحن‬
‫َنص ْرنا‬
َ
‫هي‬
َ
‫أَنت‬
َ
ْ ‫نص‬
‫ت‬
‫ر‬
َ َ َ
ْ
ْ
You all(f) helped. ‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫ن‬
‫أ‬
You
(2f)
helped
‫ما‬
‫ت‬
‫ن‬
َ
َ ُ
ُ َ ‫ أ‬You helped(f).
We helped.
‫هو‬
َُ
‫َنصرا‬
َ
‫ن‬
ُ They (2f) helped ‫هما‬
ُ She helped.
َ ‫ه‬
‫َنص ْرن‬
َ َ
You all helped.
Singular
ْ
‫أَنت‬
‫َنص ْرت‬
َ
I helped.
‫أَنا‬
Masculine 3rd
person
Feminine 3rd
person
Masculine 2nd
person
Feminine 2nd
person
1st Person
ْ ‫نص‬
‫ت‬
‫ر‬
ُ
َ َ
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‫‪Bayyinah Institute‬‬
‫‪10 Day Arabic Intensive‬‬
‫?‪What is the pronoun behind each past tense‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫قُل ُت ‪1.‬‬
‫ع َما أ َ ْر َضعت ‪2.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ناف َ ُقوا ‪3.‬‬
‫جعلنا ‪4.‬‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َتول َ ْي ُتْ ‪5.‬‬
‫خ َلقنا ‪6.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫أُشربوا ‪7.‬‬
‫اهت َزت و ربت و أَنبتت ‪8.‬‬
‫َ ََ‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫أ َ ْقر ْر ْ‬
‫ت ‪9.‬‬
‫‪10.‬‬
‫ة‬
‫ر‬
‫اَلخ‬
‫و‬
‫يا‬
‫ن‬
‫اِل‬
‫خ‬
‫س ُ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫حق ع ل ْ‬
‫خ َلت ‪11.‬‬
‫د‬
‫ق‬
‫ة‬
‫م‬
‫أ‬
‫ك‬
‫ل‬
‫ت‬
‫‪12.‬‬
‫اب‬
‫ذ‬
‫الع‬
‫ه‬
‫ي‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫و لك ْ‬
‫ختصموا ف رِب ْ‬
‫كس ْب ُتْ ‪13.‬‬
‫ما‬
‫م‬
‫‪14.‬‬
‫م‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ا َ َ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ال ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫اتبعوا ‪15.‬‬
‫ن‬
‫ي‬
‫أ‬
‫ب‬
‫ت‬
‫ذ‬
‫كُلَما أَرادوا ‪16.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫إ َ َ َ‬
‫َ ََ ُ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ت ‪17.‬‬
‫السماء ‪18.‬‬
‫كأَنَما خر م‬
‫َ‬
‫خذ ُ‬
‫ا َت َ‬
‫ن َ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫فَإذا َتطَ َه ْرن ‪19.‬‬
‫كُن ُتْ ‪20.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ن ‪21.‬‬
‫ه‬
‫ل‬
‫ج‬
‫أ‬
‫ن‬
‫غ‬
‫خانتا ‪22.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫فَ َ‬
‫ف َ َب َل َ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫َتعل َ ُموا ‪23.‬‬
‫ت َق ْومي ‪24.‬‬
‫إن دع ْو‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ن ‪25.‬‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
‫ل‬
‫‪26.‬‬
‫ت‬
‫د‬
‫راو‬
‫ُ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫اتق ْ‬
‫قاال ‪27.‬‬
‫ن ‪28.‬‬
‫ت‬
‫ي‬
‫ََ ُ َ‬
‫‪Page 34‬‬
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‫‪Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive‬‬
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Attaching Pronouns to Fi’ls
Recall that pronouns attached to fi’ls are nasb because they are details.
To translate fi’ls with attached pronouns. Eg: ‫َنصرن‬
َ َ
1) Identify and ignore the attached pronoun: ‫ ن‬is the attached pronoun.
2) Translate the fi’l by itself: ‫ َنصر‬means “he helped”.
َ َ
3) Translate the attached pronoun by itself: ‫ ن‬means “me”
4) Put it all together: ‫َنصرن‬
َ َ
“He helped me”
Examples:
‫َنصر‬
َ َ
ْ ‫ن‬
I helped
‫ت‬
ُ ‫صر‬
َ َ
ْ
She helped
‫َنصرت‬
َ َ
ْ
We taught
‫علَمنا‬
َ
ْ
Both of you taught ‫علَمتُما‬
َ
ْ‫عل ْمت‬
All of you taught
ُ َ َ
He helped
They said
‫قالُوا‬
‫َنصرها‬
َ َ
ْ ‫ن‬
I helped him
ُ ‫صرت ُه‬
َ َ
ْ
She helped me ‫َنصرتن ْي‬
َ َ
ْ
We taught all of you(f)
‫ن‬
َ ُ‫َعلَمنا ك‬
He helped her
ْ
Both of you taught both of them ‫هما‬
ُ ‫َعلَمتُما‬
ْ
All of you taught us ‫علَمت ُ ُمونا‬
َ
They said it
‫قالوه‬
ُ ُ
Circle the attached pronoun:
1.
5.
9.
ْ ْ
‫ك‬
‫ت‬
‫ت‬
َ ُ َ ‫ اخ‬2.
ْ
‫اها‬
‫ن‬
‫ل‬
‫ ف‬6.
َ َ ‫ج َع‬
َ َ
ْ
‫قُلت ُ ُه‬
10.
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
‫جاءِت ْم‬
3.
ُ َ َ
ْ‫قت ْلتموه‬
7.
ُ ُ ُ ََ
ْ
‫ن‬
ُ ‫آتيت ُ ُم‬
َ 11.
َ ‫وه‬
‫وها‬
َ ‫ح‬
ُ ‫ ف َ َذ َب‬4.
ْ
‫خ َلقنَاكُ ْم‬
8.
َ
ْ ْ
‫أَك َب َن ُه‬
12.
www.bayyinah.com/10Day
ْ ْ
‫أَكرهتنا‬
َ َ
ْ
‫وه‬
‫م‬
‫ت‬
‫د‬
‫و‬
ُ ُ ُ ‫ج‬
َ َ
‫َنصركُم‬
َ َ
Page 35
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Translate based on the English clues
ْ
ْ
1. ‫( أَه َلكناها‬to destroy)
2. ْ‫( جاء ُه‬to come)
َ
ْ
3. ُ ‫( َث ُق َلت مواز ْينُه‬to become heavy)
َ
َ ‫( م‬to settle someone/something)
4. ‫كناكُ ْم‬
َ
5. ‫ك‬
َ ‫( ما َمنَ َع‬to forbid)
ْ
6. ‫( أَغو ْيتني‬to put in error)
َ َ
7. ‫ك‬
َ ‫( َتب َع‬to follow)
ْ
8. ‫الش ْيطَان‬
َ ‫ف َ َوس َو َس ََل ُ َما‬
ُ
(to whisper evil suggestions)
9. ‫اس ُهما‬
‫وق‬
َ َ َ َ َ
(to swear to someone)
10. ‫الشجر َة‬
َ ‫اقا‬
َ َ‫( ذ‬to taste)
َ َ
ْ
11. ‫ظ َلمنَا أَنفُسنَا‬
َ (to wrong)
َ
ْ
ْ
ْ ‫خرج أبو‬
12. ‫كم من الجنَة‬
‫ي‬
َ
َ ‫( أ‬to expel)
ُ
َ َ
ََ َ َ
13. ‫ش ًة‬
َ ‫( َوإذَا ف َ َعلُوا فَاح‬to do)
ْ
14. ‫( أَمر رب بالق ْسط‬to command)
َ َ َ
ْ
ْ ‫( م‬to make illegal/forbid)
15. ‫الل‬
‫ن‬
َ ‫ح َر َم زينَ َة‬
َ َ
ْ
16. ‫( جاء أَجل ُ ُُه‬to come)
َ َ َ
ْ ْ
ْ
َ ‫و‬
17. ‫استك َب ُوا عَنا‬
‫ك َذبوا بآياتنا و‬
‫الين‬
َ َ
َ َ َ َ
ُ َ َ
َ
(to deny/to be arrogant)
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronouns.
1. ‫ك ْم‬
‫خ َل َق‬
ُ
َ
ْ
2. ‫كم‬
ُ ُ ‫جئت‬
ْ
3. ‫م َتع َِت ْم‬
ُ
َ
ْ
4. ‫جعلناكُ ْم‬
َ َ
ْ
5. ‫و جاءِت ْم‬
ُ َ
َ
ْ
6. ‫فَجعلناها‬
َ َ
7. ‫ع َقلُوه‬
َ
ُ
8. ‫حوها‬
ُ ‫ف َ َذ َب‬
ْ
9. ‫سِت ْم‬
‫م‬
ُ َ َ
10. ‫آت ْيناكُ ْم‬
َ
11. ‫ظ َل ُمونا‬
َ
ْ
12. ‫ك ْم‬
‫خ َذت‬
ُ
َ َ ‫فَأ‬
13. ‫ج ْيناكُ ْم‬
َ ‫َن‬
ْ
14. ‫ك ْم‬
‫ت‬
‫ل‬
َ َ‫ف‬
ُ ُ ‫ض‬
ْ
15. ‫فَأَخرج ُهما‬
َ َ
ْ
16. ‫علَمتنا‬
َ َ
ْ
17. ‫ََع َض ُُه‬
َ
ْ
18. ْ‫اه‬
‫ن‬
‫ث‬
ُ َ ‫َب َع‬
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
___________ created ___________.
__________ came to __________.
_________ provided comforts for ____________.
_________ made ____________.
and ___________ came to ___________.
Then __________ made ___________.
__________ understood ____________.
Then ___________ slaughtered _____________.
___________ touched _____________.
___________ gave _____________.
__________ wronged ____________.
___________ seized _____________.
__________ rescued ____________.
_________ favored ______________.
__________ expelled __________________.
___________ taught ____________.
______________ brought before _____________.
_____________ raised ______________.
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Page 37
Bayyinah Institute
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
ْ ْ
‫أَكرهتنَا‬
َ َ
‫وها‬
َ ‫ف َ َع َق ُر‬
ْ ‫فأ‬
‫ك ْم‬
َ ََ
ُ
ُ ‫نذرت‬
ْ
‫أَنزلنَاه‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫ك ْم‬
‫طع َن‬
َ َ‫أ‬
ُ
ْ
‫له‬
‫خ‬
َ‫أ‬
ُ ََ
ْ
‫فَجع َل ُُه‬
ََ
ْ ْ
‫اك‬
َ َ‫أَعطَين‬
ْ
‫ن‬
ُ ‫آتيت ُ ُم‬
َ
َ ‫وه‬
ْ
‫ن‬
‫وه‬
‫م‬
‫ت‬
‫ه‬
َ
َ ُ ُ ُ ‫كر‬
ْ‫قت ْلتموه‬
ُ ُ ُ ََ
30. ‫َنصركُم‬
ُ َ َ
10 Day Arabic Intensive
____________ forced _____________.
____________ hamstrung _____________.
____________ warned _________________.
___________ sent ___________ down.
_____________ obey _____________.
____________ made ____________ immortal.
_____________ made ________________.
____________ gave ______________.
___________ gave _______________.
____________ hated ________________.
______________ killed ________________.
__________ helped ____________.
31. ‫فَت َق َب َل َها‬
َ
__________ accepted ____________.
32. ‫وأَنب َِتا‬
َ َ َ
and ___________ caused __________ to grow.
33. ‫ط َهرك‬
َ
َ
ْ
34. ‫كم‬
‫ت‬
‫ئ‬
ُ ُ ‫ج‬
35. ‫وك‬
َ
َ ُ ‫ك َذب‬
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
___________ purified ___________.
__________ came to ____________.
___________ lied against _____________.
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Present Tense ‫المضارع‬
ُ ‫الفعل‬
Plural
They help.
Pair
‫ ُه‬They (2) help . ‫هما‬
ُ He helps.
ْ
ْ
‫ينصرون‬
َ ُ ُ َ
They(f) help.
‫ن‬
ُ
َ ‫ه‬
ْ
ْ
‫ينصرن‬
َ ُ َ
You all help.
ْ‫أ ْنت‬
ُ َ
ْ
ْ
‫َتنصرون‬
َ ُ ُ
You all(f) help.
ْ
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫ن‬
َ ُ َ‫أ‬
Singular
ْ
ْ
‫َتنصرن‬
َ ُ
Masculine 3rd person
‫هي‬
َ
Feminine 3rd person
ْ
‫ينصران‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫ينصر‬
ُ ُ َ
ْ
‫َتنصران‬
ُ
ْ
‫َتنصر‬
ُ ُ
They (2f) help ‫هما‬
ُ She helps.
ْ
You (2) help. ‫ أَنتُما‬You help.
ْ
‫َتنصران‬
ُ
ْ
‫أَنت‬
َ
Masculine 2nd person
ْ
‫أَنت‬
Feminine 2nd person
ْ
‫َتنصر‬
ُ ُ
ْ
You (2f) help. ‫ أَنتُما‬You help(f).
ْ
ْ
ْ
‫َتنصرين َتنصران‬
ُ
ُ
َ
We help.
ُ
‫هو‬
َُ
‫َنحن‬
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I help.
ْ
‫َننصر‬
ُ ُ
‫أَنا‬
1st Person
ْ
‫أَنصر‬
ُ ُ
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Present Tense Tips
Remember a present tense will start with a ‫ت ي ي‬
ُ ُ ‫ ن َ ن ُ أَ أ‬.
َ ‫ت‬
َ ُ
Below are the present tense tips, along with two example words and translation.
he teaches ‫يعلم‬
ُ َُ
they(2,m) teach ‫يعلمان‬
َ َُ
they(pl, m) teach ‫يعل ُمون‬
َُ
َ
ْ
they(pl,f) teach ‫يعلمن‬
َُ
َ
she teaches ‫تُعلم‬
ُ َ
you(m, s) teach ‫تُعلم‬
ُ َ
they(2,f) teach ‫تُعلمان‬
َ َ
you(2) teach ‫تُعلمان‬
َ َ
he helps ‫ينصر‬
ُ ُ َ
they(2,m) help ‫ينصران‬
َ ُ َ
she helps ‫َتنصر‬
ُ ُ
you(m, s) help ‫َتنصر‬
ُ ُ
they(2,f) help ‫َتنصران‬
َ ُ
you(f, s) teach َ‫تُعلمي‬
َ
ْ
you(pl, f) teach ‫تُعلمن‬
َ
َ
I teach
I help
‫أُعلم‬
ُ َ
we teach ‫نُعلم‬
ُ َ
‫ ون = ُه‬+ ‫ ي‬/ ‫ي‬
ُ َ
َ
‫ن‬
/‫ي‬
ُ = ‫ ْ َن‬+ ‫ي‬
َ ‫ه‬
ُ َ
‫ أَنت‬or ‫= هي‬
َ
‫ت‬
ُ /‫ت‬
َ
‫ أَنتُما‬or (f) ‫هما‬
ُ /‫ت‬
ُ = ‫ ان‬+ ‫ت‬
َ
‫أ َنصر‬
ُ ُ
we help ‫َننصر‬
ُ ُ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
‫ي‬/‫ي‬
ُ َ
)m( ‫هما‬
/‫ي‬
ُ = ‫ ان‬+ ‫ي‬
ُ َ
they(pl,m) help ‫ينصرون‬
َ ُ ُ َ
they(pl,f) help ‫ينص ْرن‬
َ ُ َ
you(2) help ‫َتنصران‬
َ ُ
you(pl, m) help ‫َتنصرون‬
َ ُ ُ
you(f, s) help ‫َتنصرين‬
ُ
َ
you(pl, f) help ‫َتنص ْرن‬
َ ُ
you(pl, m) teach ‫تُعل ُمون‬
َ
َ
‫هو‬
ُ =
www.bayyinah.com/10Day
‫نت‬
+‫ت‬
ُ /‫ت‬
َ
ُ َ ‫ون = أ‬
َ
‫ ين = أَنت‬+ ‫ت‬
ُ /‫ت‬
َ
َ
ُ
‫ن‬
ُ /‫ت‬
َ
َ ُ ‫ ْ َن = أَنت‬+ ‫ت‬
‫= أَنا‬
ُ ‫أ‬/َ ‫أ‬
‫= َنحن‬
‫ن‬/‫ن‬
ُ َ
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Translate based on the English clues
ً ‫ قل‬to remember
1. ‫كرون‬
‫يَل َما َت َذ‬
َ
َ
َ ُ
ْ
2. ‫ بآياتنَا يظل ُمون‬to wrong/do injustice
َ
َ
َ
3. ‫وفهيا َت ُموتُون‬
َ
َ َ
to live and to die
4. ‫كأ ُع َل ْهيا‬
َ ‫أ َ َتو‬
َ
َ َ
to lean
5. ‫ول‬
ُ ‫ ف َ َت ُق‬to say
6. ‫كر‬
َ ‫ لع َل يتذ‬to take a reminder
ُ َ ََ ُ ََ
7. ‫اف‬
ُ ‫خ‬
َ ‫ إنَنا َن‬to fear
8. ‫يدان‬
َ ‫ يُر‬to want
ْ
9. ‫ يخص َفان‬to put together
َ
ْ
10. ‫شون ف مساكَن ْم‬
‫م‬
‫ ي‬to walk
َ َ َ ُ َ
11. ‫ ي ُقولُون‬to say
َ
َ
ْ
12. ‫ فَستع َل ُمون‬to know
َ َ
َ
ْ
13. ‫ َال يخل ُ ُقون َش ْي ًئا‬to create
َ
َ
14. ‫ك ن ُ َفص ُل اَليات‬
َ
َ ‫كذل‬
15. ‫ت َب ْصن‬
َ َ ‫َي‬
َ
to explain
to wait
16. ‫ يعلمان‬to teach
َ َُ
ْ
17. ‫فَيتعل َ ُمون مَنُما‬
َ
َََ
َ
to learn
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10 Day Arabic Intensive
Present tense and pronouns. Translate based on the English cues
ْ
ْ
1. ‫ يأتياْنا‬to bring
2. ‫كم‬
‫ون‬
ُ
َ ُ ‫ ي ُ َقاتل‬fight
َ
ْ
ْ
3. ‫كم‬
4. ‫ يعجبك‬to impress
ُ ُ ‫ َيعظ‬to advise
َ ُ ُ
ْ
5. ‫ذه‬
6. ‫كم‬
‫ون‬
‫ ي ْبغ‬to want
ُُ ُ‫ َتأخ‬to take
ُ
ُ
َ
َ
ُ
ْ
ْ
7. ‫ يَسأَلُونك‬ask
8. ‫ك‬
َ ‫ َيلم ُز‬to criticize
َ َ
ْ
ْ
9. ‫ يحاوره‬converse with
10. ‫كم‬
‫ أَْحل‬to carry
ُ
ُ
ُ
ُ ُ
ْ
ْ
ْ
11. ‫ ينصرونه‬to help
12. ‫ُه‬
‫م‬
‫ل‬
‫ع‬
ُ
َ
ُ َ ُ ُ َ
ُ ‫ َت‬to know
ْ
13. ‫ذونه‬
14. ‫ يصيُبم‬to afflict
ُ َ ُ ‫ ف َ َت َتخ‬to take
ُ
ُُ
ْ
ْ
15. ‫ه‬
16. ‫ يَستأذنك‬to seek
ُ ‫ ي ُ َؤاخ‬to hold
ُ ‫ذ‬
َ ُ َ
accountable
ْ
‫شه‬
‫ َنح‬to gather
ُ
ُ ُ
ْ
19. ‫ يحزنني‬to sadden
ُ ُ َ
17.
21.
23.
‫ك‬
َ ‫ ي ُ َعل ُم‬to teach
ْ
‫ن‬
‫ه‬
‫ل‬
‫ك‬
َ ُ ُ ُ ‫ َيأ‬to eat
permission from
18.
20.
22.
24.
25.
‫كم‬
ُ
ُ ‫ أ ُ َنبئ‬to inform
26.
27.
‫ يبشك‬to give good news
ُ َُ
28.
29.
‫ يحذركُم‬to warn
ُ َ ُ
30.
ْ
‫ُه‬
‫ل‬
‫خ‬
‫د‬
‫ ي‬to place in
ُُُ
ُ
‫ك ْم‬
‫يع‬
ُ
ُ ‫ َسنُط‬obey
ْ
‫ككم‬
‫ يدر‬reach
ُ
ُ
ُ
ْ
‫ك‬
َ ُ ‫ يَسأَل‬to ask
ْ
‫ونني‬
َ ُ ‫ تُؤذ‬to harm
ْ‫ تنذره‬to warn
ُ ُ ُ
‫ك ْم‬
ُ
ُ ‫ يُميت‬to cause to
die
31.
33.
35.
37.
‫وْنم‬
‫ تحدث‬to inform
َُ ُ َ ُ
‫ضر ُه‬
‫ ي‬to harm
ُ ُ َ
‫وْن ْم‬
‫ يحب‬to love
َُ ُ ُ
ْ
‫وْنا‬
ََ ‫ يُنف ُق‬to spend
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
32.
34.
36.
38.
‫ك ْم‬
‫ون‬
‫ ي‬hurt
ُ
َ ُ ‫سوم‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫ يأمركُ ْم‬to command
ُ ُ َ
‫ ي‬to distort
َ ُ ‫حرف‬
ُ ‫ونه‬
َ ُ
‫كم‬
‫اجو َن‬
‫ ي‬argue
ُ
ُ ‫ح‬
َ ُ
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10 Day Arabic Intensive
Inside Doer vs. Outside Doer
ْ ‫كت‬.
If the doer of the fi’l is a pronoun, then it is an inside doer. Eg: I wrote ‫ت‬
‫ب‬
ُ ََ
If the doer is NOT a pronoun, it is an outside doer. Muhammed wrote. ‫كتب مح َمد‬
َ ُ َ ََ
Rules for the Outside Doer:
The outside doer must be:
ْ
 After the ‫( فعل‬doesn’t have to be directly after)
ْ
 In ‫ رفع‬status
َ
The ‫ فعل‬should be in the ‫هو‬
or ‫ هي‬form ONLY.
َُ
َ
Examples:
A Muslim said.
Two Muslims said.
Muslims said.
‫قال م ْسلم‬
ُ َ
‫قال م ْسلمان‬
ُ َ
‫قال م ْسل ُم ْون‬
َ
ُ َ
A Muslim woman said.
Two Muslim women said.
Muslims(f) said.
ْ
‫قالَت م ْسلمة‬
َ ُ
ْ
‫قالَت م ْسلمتان‬
َ ُ
ْ
‫قالَت م ْسلمات‬
ُ
What is the doer (‫)فاعل‬, if any, in the following sentences? The fi’l is highlighted.
1.
4.
7.
ْ
ْ ْ
ْ
‫ن أَفواهُه‬
‫َتخرج م‬
ُ ُ
َ
ْ
ْ
‫ك‬
ُ ‫نَحن ُ َن ُق‬
َ ‫ص َع َلي‬
‫ك ْم‬
ُ
ُ‫َقالُوا َرب‬
‫ما ش‬
ُ ‫اء اللَـه‬
َ َ َ
ْ ْ
13. ‫أَعتدنا للظَالمي‬
َ
َ َ
ْ
16. ‫اط ِبم سرادقُها‬
‫أ‬
َ ‫ح‬
َ َ ُ
َ َ
ْ ْ
ْ
19. ‫يعملُون ف البحر‬
َ َ
َ
َ
ْ ْ
22. ‫ه يحسبون‬
َ ُ َ َ ُ
10.
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
2.
5.
8.
11.
14.
17.
20.
23.
‫ودخل‬
ُ ‫جن َ َته‬
َ َ َ َ َ
‫ال موس‬
‫ق‬
َ ُ َ َ
ْ ‫ي ْدرككم الْم‬
‫ت‬
‫و‬
ُ
ُ َ
ُ
ْ
‫ك‬
َ
َ ُ‫ف ف َ َع َل َرب‬
َ ‫كي‬
ْ ْ
‫إذَا جاء َن ْصر اللَـه وال َفتح‬
ُ
َ
َ َ
ُ
‫دن‬
ُ ‫َس َتج‬
ْ
‫د رب‬
‫جاء وع‬
ُ
َ َ َ
َ
ْ
ْ
‫اْلعمى‬
‫جاءه‬
َ َ ُ َ َ
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3.
6.
‫سيقول السفهاء‬
ُ ََ ُ ُ ُ َ َ
‫يد‬
ُ ‫َواللَـه ُ يُر‬
ُ ‫يُر‬
ُ ‫يد اللَـه‬
ْ
ْ
12. ‫نحن مصلحون‬
ُ
َ
ُ ُ َ
ْ
15. ‫فما ربحت تجارِتم‬
َ َ ََ
ُُ َ َ
ْ
ْ
ْ
18. ‫لها‬
ََ ‫اس َتط َع َما أَه‬
ْ ْ َ ‫ض‬
21. ‫ل سعهيم‬
ُُ َ َ
ْ ْ
24. ‫علمت نفس‬
َ َ َ
9.
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Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Making Present Tense Light
To make the present tense light:
ْ
1) The ‫ن‬
‫ه‬
and
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫ن‬
َ ُ
َ ُ َ ‫ أ‬versions do not change.
2) If the present tense ends in a
ُ then change the ُ to a ُ.
3) If the present tense ends in a ‫ ن‬then remove the ‫ن‬.
Light Present Tense Chart
ْ
‫ينصر ْوا‬
ُ ُ َ
ْ
‫ينص ْرن‬
َ ُ َ
ْ
‫َتنصر ْوا‬
ُ ُ
ْ
‫َتنص ْرن‬
َ ُ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
‫ينصرا‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫َتنصرا‬
ُ
ْ
‫َتنصرا‬
ُ
ْ
‫َتنصرا‬
ُ
ْ
‫َننصر‬
َ ُ
ْ
‫ينصر‬
َ ُ َ
ْ
‫َتنصر‬
َ ُ
ْ
‫َتنصر‬
َ ُ
ْ
ْ
‫َتنصري‬
ُ
ْ
‫أَنصر‬
َ ُ
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Light Present Tense Harf ‫المضارع‬
ُ ُ ‫حرف ناص َبة‬
َ
The following harfs make the present tense light
Word
ْ
‫أَن‬
ْ ‫ل‬
‫ن‬
َ
Meaning/Notes
to
Used as a connector. Eg: I want to read.
will not
‫ك ْي‬
َ ‫ل‬
so that
ْ
ً
‫إذا إذَن‬
in that case
‫حتى‬
َ
ْ ‫ل‬
This word has three forms: ‫ك ْي‬
َ
َ ‫كي ل‬
until
Examples of light harf in the Quran
ْ
Indeed, Allah is not timid to present any
ْ ْ
ً ‫ضرب مث‬
‫ا‬
‫م‬
‫َل‬
‫ي‬
‫ن‬
‫أ‬
‫ي‬
‫ي‬
‫ح‬
‫إ َن اللَـه َال يَست‬
َ
example
َ َ َ َ
َ
َ
َ
ْ
ْ
Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter
‫حوا ب َقر ًة‬
‫إ َن اللَـه يأمركُ ْم أَن َتذب‬
a cow.
ُ
َ
ُ ُ َ َ
َ َ
ْ
We will not associate anyone with our
ً ‫شك بربنا أَح‬
ُ ‫و لَن ن‬
‫ا‬
‫د‬
Master.
َ َ َ َ
َ
So that we may exalt You much
ْ
ً
So that he may be to the nations a
warner
Until the Messenger says
And do not marry polytheistic women
until they believe
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
‫كثيا‬
‫كي ن س ب‬
َ ‫ك‬
َ ‫ح‬
َ َُ َ
ْ
‫يرا‬
‫لي‬
ً ‫كون للعالَميَ َنذ‬
َ َ ُ َ
‫ول‬
‫حتى يقول‬
ُ ‫الر ُس‬
َ َ ُ َ َ َ
ْ ْ
ْ
‫ن‬
‫م‬
‫ؤ‬
‫ي‬
‫ى‬
‫ت‬
‫ح‬
‫ات‬
‫ك‬
‫ش‬
‫حوا ال ُم‬
َ
َ
ُ ‫َو َال َتنك‬
ُ َ َ
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Bayyinah Institute
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ْ
Making Present Tense Lightest (‫)مجزوم‬
ُ َ
To make the present tense lightest:
ْ
1) The ‫ن‬
‫ه‬
and
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫ن‬
ُ
َ
َ ُ َ ‫ أ‬versions do not change.
2) If the present tense ends in a
ُ then change the ُ to a ُ.
3) If the present tense ends in a ‫ ن‬then remove the ‫ن‬.
Lightest Present Tense Chart
ْ
‫ينصر ْوا‬
ُ ُ َ
ْ
‫ينص ْرن‬
َ ُ َ
ْ
‫َتنصر ْوا‬
ُ ُ
ْ
‫َتنص ْرن‬
َ ُ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
‫ينصرا‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫َتنصرا‬
ُ
ْ
‫َتنصرا‬
ُ
ْ
‫َتنصرا‬
ُ
ْ
‫َننص ْر‬
ُ
ْ
‫ينص ْر‬
ُ َ
ْ
‫َتنص ْر‬
ُ
ْ
‫َتنص ْر‬
ُ
ْ
ْ
‫َتنصري‬
ُ
ْ
‫أَنص ْر‬
ُ
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Lightest Present Tense Harf ‫المضارع‬
ُ ُ ‫حرف جاز َمة‬
َ
The following harfs make the present tense lightest
Word
Meaning/Notes
if
ْ
‫إن‬
Can be used with past and present tense.
did not.
‫لَ ْم‬
Only used with present tense, pushes meaning to past tense
not yet.
‫لَ َما‬
If used with present tense it means “not yet”
If used with past tense it means “when”
‫ل‬
should
Examples of lightest harf in the Quran
Indeed, if You leave them, (then)
they will mislead Your servants
All of you didn’t find a scribe
Rather, they have not yet tasted My
punishment
Then (as a result) they should
respond to Me and they should
believe in Me that they may be
[rightly] guided.
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
‫ك إن َت َذ ْر ُهْ يضلُوا عباد َك‬
َ َ ‫إن‬
َ َ
ُ
ْ
‫كات ًبا‬
َ ‫دوا‬
ُ ‫لَم َتج‬
‫ذوقُوا ع َذاب‬
ُ ‫َبل ل َ َما َي‬
َ
ْ ‫ف ْلي ْستجيبوا ل ولْي ْؤمنوا ب لعلَُهْ ي‬
‫دون‬
‫ش‬
‫ر‬
ُ ُ َ
َ ُ ُ َ ُ ََ
ُ َ َ َ
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‫‪Bayyinah Institute‬‬
‫‪10 Day Arabic Intensive‬‬
‫)‪Determine if the present tense is Normal(N), Light(L) or Lightest(T‬‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ن أَفواهُه‬
‫َتخرج م‬
‫ُ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫عو‬
‫لن ند‬
‫َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ليتَساءلُوا‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫حوا‬
‫ل‬
‫ف‬
‫لَن ت ُ ُ‬
‫وإن ي َ ْستغيثُوا‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ف َ َل ْم ن ُ َغاد ْر‬
‫كثيًا‬
‫ك ْي نسب‬
‫ك َ‬
‫ح َ‬
‫َ َُ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫لتُغ َق‬
‫ْ‬
‫و َال ت ُ ْرهقني‬
‫َ‬
‫أَن َت ُقولُوا‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬
‫‪12.‬‬
‫‪15.‬‬
‫‪18.‬‬
‫‪21.‬‬
‫‪24.‬‬
‫‪27.‬‬
‫‪30.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫َتطلُع ع َىل َق ْوم‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ل ‪36.‬‬
‫أَن َتج َع َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫أَن يظهروه ‪39.‬‬
‫َ َ ُ ُ‬
‫‪33.‬‬
‫وهما‬
‫أن يضيف‬
‫َ ُ َ ُ ُ َ‬
‫أَن ي ْبد ََلُما ر ُِبما‬
‫َ َ َُ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ف َ َسو َف ن ُ َعذبُه ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َال يَشكُرون‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ن ُ َقاتل‬
‫ْ‬
‫ذه سنَة‬
‫ال تأخ‬
‫َ َ ُ ُ ُ‬
‫‪Page 48‬‬
‫‪42.‬‬
‫‪45.‬‬
‫‪48.‬‬
‫‪51.‬‬
‫‪54.‬‬
‫‪57.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫لينذر بأ ًسا شديداً‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ك‬
‫َن ُق ُ‬
‫ص َع َلي َ‬
‫ن ُ َقلُب ْم‬
‫ُُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ظهروا عل ْ‬
‫ك ْم‬
‫ي‬
‫إن َي َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ك‬
‫ش‬
‫ُ‬
‫َو َال ي ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ال‬
‫ب‬
‫ج‬
‫ن ُ َسي ُال َ َ‬
‫ول‬
‫حتى يقول‬
‫الر ُس ُ‬
‫َ َ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫دوا‬
‫لَن َيج ُ‬
‫ح َتى أ َ ْبل ُ َغ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ك‬
‫َهل أ َ َتب ُع َ‬
‫دن‬
‫َس َتج ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ف َ ََل ت َ ْسأَلني‬
‫ْ‬
‫ك‬
‫ح َتى أُحد َ‬
‫ث لَ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫فلي ْعمل عم ًَل صال ً‬
‫حا‬
‫َ َ َ َ َ َ‬
‫أَن ي ْره َق ُهما‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫أَلَ ْم أَقُل‬
‫ْ‬
‫ي ُموج ف بعض‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ف َنفس‬
‫َال ت ُ َ‬
‫كلَ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ك ُة‬
‫َتحم ُل ُال َم ََلئ َ‬
‫‪www.bayyinah.com/10Day‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬
‫‪14.‬‬
‫‪17.‬‬
‫‪20.‬‬
‫‪23.‬‬
‫‪26.‬‬
‫‪29.‬‬
‫‪32.‬‬
‫‪35.‬‬
‫‪38.‬‬
‫‪41.‬‬
‫‪44.‬‬
‫‪47.‬‬
‫‪50.‬‬
‫‪53.‬‬
‫‪56.‬‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫لَ ْم يجعل‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫لنَع َلم‬
‫َ‬
‫ً‬
‫ْ‬
‫َتحسُب ْم أ َ ْي َقاظا‬
‫َ ُُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫وليت َلط َف‬
‫َ ََ‬
‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬
‫‪10.‬‬
‫أَن يش‬
‫اء اللَـه ُ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫يقلب ك ْ‬
‫فيه ‪16.‬‬
‫َُ ُ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫لم الل ‪19.‬‬
‫لَ َما يع‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ل َم يؤمنوا ‪22.‬‬
‫ُ ُ‬
‫‪13.‬‬
‫ف َ َلن َتج َد‬
‫ْ‬
‫فَلينظ ُ ْر‬
‫َ‬
‫يتنازعون ب ْيَن ْم أ ْمرهْ‬
‫ََ َ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ف َ َلن ت َ ْستطيع‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ف َ َل ْم ي َ ْستجيبوا‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ات رب‬
‫أن تنفد كلم‬
‫َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫أَن أَعيُبا‬
‫ََ‬
‫هما‬
‫أن ي ْبلغا أشد‬
‫َ َ َُ َ ُ َ ُ َ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ف َ َهل َنجع ُل‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ن‬
‫أَن ينكحن أَزو‬
‫اج ُه َ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫أ َ َال ن ُ َقات َل‬
‫‪25.‬‬
‫‪28.‬‬
‫‪31.‬‬
‫‪34.‬‬
‫‪37.‬‬
‫‪40.‬‬
‫‪43.‬‬
‫‪46.‬‬
‫‪49.‬‬
‫‪52.‬‬
‫‪55.‬‬
‫‪Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive‬‬
Bayyinah Institute
10 Day Arabic Intensive
Common Sense Observations about Commanding and Forbidding:
1) You can’t command/forbid in the past tense.
2) You can’t command yourself.
3) You can’t command/forbid someone who’s not there.
4) It’s easier to forbid than to command.
5) A grammatical command isn’t always really a command. It could be a
suggestion, motivation, permission, advice, request, imperative or sarcasm.
Forbidding
‫ ال‬+ lightest present tense 2nd person.
Examples:
Don’t go! (you sing. Masc)
ْ
1) 2nd person present tense. ‫َتذ َهب‬
ُ
ْ
ْ ‫تذه‬
2) Make it lightest. ‫ب‬
َ َ
ْ ‫ال ت ْذه‬
3) Put ‫ ال‬in front: !‫ب‬
َ َ
Additional examples:
English Command
Normal Verb Lightest Verb
ْ
ْ ْ
ْ ‫تأك‬
Don’t eat!(you f.)
‫ي‬
‫ل‬
‫ك‬
‫أ‬
‫ت‬
‫ل‬
ُ َ
َ ُ َ
Don’t learn (all of you)
‫َتتعلَ ُم ْون‬
‫َتتعلَ ُم ْوا‬
ََ
ََ
َ
ْ ْ
ْ ْ
Don’t write (all you fem)
‫ب‬
‫ب‬
َ ُ ‫َتكت‬
َ ُ ‫َتكت‬
Forbidding
ْ
ْ ‫ال تأك‬
‫ل‬
ُ َ
‫ال َتتعل َ ُم ْوا‬
ََ
ْ ْ
‫ب‬
َ ُ ‫ال َتكت‬
ْ
ً
Statement/Observation: ‫“ ال َتكتُب كُتُبا‬You don’t write books.”
ُ
ْ
ً
ْ ‫“ ال تكت‬Don’t (you sing masc) write books!”
Forbidding: ‫ب كُتُبا‬
ُ َ
Note: The difference between a statement and a command
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
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Commanding
Creating a command:
1) Start with the lightest 2nd person.
2) Remove the first ‫ت‬.
3) If the word can be read, leave it alone.
4) If the word can’t be read, add a helper alif.
5) Harakaat for the helper alif:
a. If the second to last letter in the ‫ هو‬present tense has a ُ then the
helper alif gets a ُ.
b. Otherwise the helper alif gets a
ُ
Examples:
1) Go! (you masc).
ْ
Start with normal 2nd person present tense: ‫َتذ َهب‬
ُ
ْ
ْ
ْ
ْ
Remove
Make
Add
helper
ْ ‫تذه‬
ْ ‫ذه‬
ْ ‫اذه‬
‫َتذ َهب‬
‫ب‬
‫ب‬
‫ب‬
lightest
alif
َ َ first ‫ت‬
َ
َ
ُ
Determine
harakah for alif
ْ ‫ا ْذه‬
‫ب‬
َ
2) Help! (all of you fem)
ْ
Normal 2nd person present tense: ‫َتنص ْرن‬
َ ُ
ْ Add helper
Make
Remove
ْ
ْ
‫ َتنص ْرن‬lightest ‫ َتنص ْرن‬first ‫نص ْرن ت‬
alif
َ ُ
َ ُ
َ ُ
ْ
‫انص ْرن‬
َ ُ
Determine
harakah for alif
ْ
‫اُنص ْرن‬
َ ُ
3) Learn! (you fem)
ْ
Normal 2nd person present tense: َ‫َتتعلَمي‬
ََ
ْ
Remove
Make
‫ َتتعلَم ْي‬first ‫( َتعلَم ْي ت‬no helper alif needed)
َ‫ َت َت َعلَمي‬lightest
ََ
َ
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
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10 Day Arabic Intensive
Label each as Commanding(C), Forbidding(F) or Observation(O). Then translate.
Can you retrace the commanding and forbidding to the original fi’l?
ْ ‫ا ْذه‬
‫ب‬
َ
1.
C
to go
3.
ْ ‫فب‬
‫ش ُه‬
ََ
Go!(you masc)
ْ
‫َتذ َهب‬
ُ
2.
to taste
4.
to congratulate
5.
‫َال تُط ْع‬
‫َال ي َغادر‬
ُ ُ
6.
‫َنادوا‬
ُ
8.
11.
10.
ْ ْ
‫يد ْين‬
‫ه‬
‫ش‬
‫وا‬
‫د‬
‫ه‬
‫ش‬
َ َ ُ
َ ‫َواست‬
12.
14.
‫الص َلوات‬
‫حافظُوا عىل‬
َ
َ َ َ َ
16.
‫و َقاتلُوا‬
َ
18.
‫ال َتخافا‬
‫ال َت ُقل ََل ُما أُف‬
20.
‫وانص ْر َنا‬
ُ َ
help
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
ْ
‫ا ْبعث‬
َ
to send
22.
to say
23.
ْ
‫اع َل ُموا‬
Know
to be afraid
21.
‫و قُوموا للَـه‬
ُ
َ
to stand
fight
19.
‫ق ُ ْو َال‬
say
to protect
17.
ْ
‫فَاكتُبوه‬
ُ ُ
Write
bring a witness
15.
ْ
‫ف َ ََل ت َ ْسأَلني‬
to ask
hold accountable
13.
ْ
‫دوا‬
ُ ُ‫ا ُسج‬
prostrate
to call
ْ
‫َال تُؤاخذن‬
َ
‫َال نُضيع‬
ُ
waste
leave out
9.
ْ
‫ك‬
‫ب‬
‫ر‬
‫ر‬
‫ك‬
‫اذ‬
‫و‬
ُ
َ َ َ
َ
mention
Obey
7.
‫ذوقُون‬
ُ ‫َال َي‬
َ
ْ ْ
‫َثبت أَق َدامنَا‬
َ
to make firm
24.
ْ
‫خُذ‬
to take
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10 Day Arabic Intensive
Cummulative Practice. Grammatically label the parts of these ayaat
ْ
ْ
‫طعامه‬
‫ل‬
‫إ‬
‫ان‬
‫نس‬
‫اإل‬
‫ر‬
‫ظ‬
‫ن‬
‫ي‬
‫ل‬
‫ ف‬Then let mankind look at his food 80:24
ُ
ََ َ ُ َ
َ َ
‫ فإذا ج‬But when there comes the Deafening Blast 80:33
ُ ‫اخة‬
َ ‫الص‬
َ ‫اءت‬
َ َ َ َ
ْ
‫كري‬
َ ‫ل َر ُسول‬
ُ ‫ إنَه ُلَ َقو‬Verily this is the word of a noble messenger 81:19
ْ
‫جار لَفي جحي‬
‫ف‬
‫ وإن ال‬And indeed, the wicked will be in Hellfire. 82:14
َ
َ َ ُ َ َ
ْ ‫ فب‬So give them tidings of a painful punishment, 84:24
‫ش ُه بع َذاب أَلي‬
ََ
َ
‫ إنَه ُلَ َق ْول ف َ ْصل‬Verily, it is a conclusive word, 86:13
‫ك ْي ًدا‬
‫ إ َْن ْم يكيد‬Indeed, they are planning a plan, 86:15
َ ‫ون‬
َ ُ
َ ُ
‫ك ْي ًدا‬
َ ‫يد‬
ُ ‫ َوأَك‬But I am planning a plan. 86:16
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Fundamentals of Classical Arabic - Class Map
Ism Studies
Fragments
Bayyinah Institute
4 Properties of the Ism:
1. Status
a. Forms pg2
 Raf(doer)
 Nasb(detail)
 Jarr(after of)
b. How to Tell pg4
 Ending sounds
 Ending Combination
 Pronouns are weird pg 18
o Raf: Independent pronouns
o Nasb/Jarr: attached pronouns
 Nasb: attached to HoN or fi’l.
 Jarr: attached to HoJ or ism.
c. Light vs. Heavy pg7
 Heavy: Default, page 6
 Light: Remove extra “n” sound.
Only 4 reasons for light.
d. Flexibility pg9
 Fully Flexible (page 6)
 Non Flexible: Only 1 form can only tell R,
N or J by context.
 Partly Flexible: No Kasrah, always light.
Location names , non-Arab names.
2. Number pg11
a. Singular/Pair/Plural
 Masculine/Fem page 6
 Brkn Plural pg 6
b. Brkn Plurals
 NHBP treated as “she” grammatically
 HBP treated as “she” or reality.
c. Note: All non human plurals are treated as
a “she”. Page 6 masc pair and plural
include fem also. Fem pair and plural fem
only.
3. Gender pg12-13
a. Feminine
 Real fem (biological)
 Fake Fem
o Words ending in ‫آء ى ة‬
o Body parts in pairs
o Broken plurals
o Arabs said so pg12
4. Type pg15
a. Proper. Seven reasons for proper:
1. Words with ‫ال‬
2. proper names
3. the one being called
4. pronouns
Bayyinah 10 Day Arabic Intensive
5. pointing words
6. ‫ الذي‬words
7. The mudahf if the MIL is proper.
Fi’ls
10 Day Arabic Intensive
1. Idafah pg21
 Mudhaf: ism before “of”
 Mudhaf Ilayh: ism after “of”
 No distance
 MIL determines type of Mudhaf
 Three kinds:
i. “Of” translation
ii. Attached pronoun pg 18
iii. Special Mudhafs pg22
2. Mowsoof Sifah (Noun Adjective) pg26
 Mowsoof(noun):
o Only one
o Always first
o never a pronoun, pointer
word, or ism mowsool
 Sifah(adj):
o 4 properties match mowsoof
o Can be more than one
o Long distance ok.
o never a proper name,
pronoun, or pointer word
3. Harf of Jarr pg 27
 HoJ makes ism after it jarr
 No distance.
 17 HoJ, 11 in Quran
ْ ‫نف ع‬
ْ ‫بت ك ل وم‬
 ‫ن عىل حتى إل‬
َ
َ
َ
4. Harf of Nasb pg 28
 HoN makes its ism nasb.
 Distance ok.
 ‫ن لَع َل‬
‫كأ َ َن بأ َ َن لَ ْيت لَـك‬
َ ‫إ َن أ َ َن‬
َ
َ َ
5. Ism Isharah pg30
 Either a sentence or a fragment:
o Sentence: no ‫ ال‬after pointer.
o Fragment:
 ‫ ال‬right after pointer.
 4 properties of pointer
match 4 properties of
pointed-at (musharun ilyahi)
Finding the Invisible “IS” pg32
1. Independent pronouns usually
followed by “IS”
2. Pointer word followed by other than
‫ال‬
3. HoN and its ism
www.bayyinah.com/10Day
4. Proper followed by common
5. Break in the chain
1. Fi’ls are not verbs. Every fi’l
contains an in-built doer.
2. 2 kinds:
i. past tense
ii. present/future tense.
3. Past Tense Chart pg 33
4. Present Tense Chart pg 39
 Pg 39 words are “normal”
 Light Present Tense pg44
 ‫ هن‬and ‫ أنتن‬don’t change
 If ends in ُ change to ُ
 Else, remove last ‫ن‬
ْ ْ
 ‫ك ْي إذا ً حتى‬
َ ‫أَن لَن ل‬
َ
 Lightest Present Tense p46
 ‫ هن‬and ‫ أنتن‬don’t change
 If ends in ُ change to ُ.
 Else, remove last ‫ن‬
ْ
 ‫إن لَ ْم لَما ل‬
 Forbidding: pg49
 ‫ ال‬+ lightest 2nd person.
 Commanding pg49
 Start with lightest 2nd
person
 Remove first ‫ت‬
 Add helper alif if
needed.
5. Attaching Pronouns to Fi’ls p35
 Pronouns attached to fi’ls
are nasb because they are
details.
 Steps to translate:
 Identify and ignore
attached pronoun
 Translate the fi’l
 Translate attached
pronoun
 Put it all together
6. Inside vs. Outside Doer pg43
 Inside doer: doer is a
pronoun.
 Outside doer: doer is not a
pronoun.
 Outside doer rules:
o Fi’l is in ‫ هو‬or ‫هي‬
form only.
o Doer is after fi’l and
raf. 53
Page
o Doer does not have
to be right after the
fi’l.