5
-14
-13
-12
-11
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-10
0
60
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
A''''
5
A''''
K-Tg
6
km
Geologic Map of the
Mt. Kailas-Gurla Mandhata Area,
southwest Tibet
Kailas Magmatic Complex
5000
5400
580
0
K-Tg
HIM Tibet
TIBET
ALA
YA
Mt. Kailas 6638 m
Karakoram fault
00
hin
ag
T
tyn
Al
Karakoram fault system
MK
T
Karakoram
Batholith
In
du
sM
ola
ss
e
ISZ
o
zha C
Fault
G reat Cou n ter Thr
ust
18 75
-Go
o
mu C
Long
Qal
Tcg2
sch
34 N
Tibetan Plateau
00
52
5400
Kc
sch
Tangtse
34 N
10
Kc
Qal
Hi
32
Ladakh-Gangdese
Batholith
65
42
Kailas Conglomerate
Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone
40
30
50
Darchan
Mt. Kailas
Kc
60
AWC
Ma
in
Lm
South Kailas Thrust
Bo
un
da
30 N
0
100
ry
Th
ru
s
200
Gurla
Mandhata
t
A'''
Qal
30 N
km
sch
Map Location
78 E
Tcg2
A'''
81 E
ss
32 N
South Kailas
ST Thrust
DS
Tcg1
Kc
a
ay
Shiquanhe Fault
32 N
lm
al
m
northernmost
strand of the Karakoram
fault system
Mandong-Cuobei thrust
Shiquanhe
Tso Morari
AWC
Hi
ss
Great Counter Thrust
gh
Domar-Wuijiang Thrust
northern strand of
Karakoram fault
Nanga
Parbat
5800
Tcg2
Accretionary Wedge Complex
lt
Ind
u
Sut s-Ya
ure lu
Zon
e
lt
au
h F36 N
Fau
Yiema Fm.
(Xigaze foreland basin deposits)
kax
K2
Tcg2
Q
90E
Kailas Magmatic Complex
70E
Kara
12
a
Tv
n
00
NA
HI
Sh
a
56
5600
n
INDIA
India
20N
Ku
nL
un
Tash
Gurgan
36 N
56
oOcC
InIdND
r
te
es
W
Kara
su fa
Aksu ult
-Mug
strik
e-sli ab
p zo
ne
Karako
ram
Batho
lith
30N
S. China
N 30 E
30N
Muztagh Ata
Gangdese Thrust
81 E
Tarim Basin
K-Tg
78 E
Kongur Shan
Aksu-R
angku
l
fault
38 N EPF
Kc
Pl
46
00
Quaternary units
Qal
Gurla Mandhata footwall
Landslide deposits
Mylonitic augen gneiss
agn
Qg
Glacial deposits coarse clastic deposits,
poorly sorted containing boulder-size clasts
mbl
Mylonitic marble
Qaf
Alluvial Fan Deposits cobble-pebble gravel,
sand and silt
bs
Mylonitic biotite schist, marble,
leucogranite dikes and sills
Qal
Alluvial Deposits cobble-pebble gravel,
sand, silt, and clay
gn
Mylonitic gneiss, leucogranite
dikes and sills
Qtr2
River Terrace deposits cobble-pebble gravel,
sand, silt, and clay
mig
Migmatite
Qtr1
Older river terrace deposits cobble-pebble
gravel, sand and silt
mlg
Qc
Colluvial deposits boulder-cobble-pebble
gravel and sand
Tcg2
middle conglomerate unit cobble-pebblegravel, sand, silt and clay
Tcg1
lower conglomerate unit pebble-gravel, sand
silt, and clay
Pl
Pl
Tud
Mt. Kailas Area
K-Tg
Pl
Permian limestone
Tcg2
Tertiary Kailas conglomerate
Dqs
Devonian quartzite
Kc
Cretaceous Yiema formation,
conglomerate and sandstone
Silurian phyllite with minor quartzite
Lm
Cretaceous limestone
49
Qc
schist of unknown age
Qal + Ql
Z-Cqs
25
Lithologic contact dashed where approximately
located or inferred, dotted where concealed or inferred.
37
44
Qaf
Tcg2
Ta1
Syncline
65
10
18
small-scale small-scale
syncline
anticline
Overturned anticline
5
43
inclined
overturned
Anticline
Qal + Ql
horizontal
31
32 31
32
Qaf
Qaf
6
Strike and dip of foliation
Tcg2
480
older
Cleavage
La'nga Co 4572 m
31
Qal + Ql
rock sample
and/or
mapping station
Detachment fault (low-angle normal fault)
box on hanging wall- open box on older
detachament (GMDF 1), closed box on
younger detachment (GMDF 2)
11
32
32
19
21
younger
Normal fault bar and ball on hanging wall
41
6
small-scale ductile normal fault
40 30
volcanic center?
mylonitic foliation
transposed bedding
45
45
39
39
44
44
0
16
12
12
volcanic center?
Ta2
Strike and dip of beds
Thrust fault barbs on hanging wall
59 50
5
5
65
54
Strike-slip fault opposing arrows indicate the
sense of horizontal motion along the fault.
32 25
QafQaf
Ta2
Ta2
Ta1
Tud + Js?
Faults dashed where approximately located or
inferred, dotted where concealed or inferred. Arrows
indicate dip of the fault and orientation of lineations.
Where two arrows exist, the greater number indicates
the dip.
72
11
?
Geologic Symbols
42
460
00
460
Folds Arrows indicate the dip direction of the fold
limbs. Arrow oriented parallel to the trace of the fold
axis indicates the plunge direction.Dashed where
approximately located and dotted where concealed.
37
15
47 70
Tud + Js?
Op1
20
82 56
Op1
00
48
Pl
AWC
Volcanic cone?
serpentinized ophiolitic rocks,
interpreted as accretionary wedge
complex
97-8-6-2
International border
spring
southern most strand of
the Karakoram fault
road
Tcg2
Mapam Yum Co 4586 m
Z-Cqs
sch
Qal
Precambrian-Cambrian calc-silicate
rocks
Z-Cqs 50
Km
Qal
Z-Ccs
4
59
Qaf
Z-Cqs
2
contour interval 200m
Ordovician phyllite-reddish purple crinoid
bearing shales
Precambrian-Cambrian quartzite
0
19 41
Jiwu Gompa
N
sandstone unit of unknown age
ss
25
30
Qaf
Ordovician limestone, quartzite, tan phyllite
75
47
45 20
19
45 25
Pl
Mapam Yum Co
Undifferentiated Triassic silty limestone,
sandstone, and siltstone
Kailas magmatic complex,
Cretaceous-Tertiary granitoids
Qal
Jurassic shale-contains ammonites
La'nga Co
Js
54
66
19
Tcg2
Cretaceous- shale and limestone
Tud
Qc
Kiogar/Jungbwa ophiolite
00
48
Op1
Tud
Kiogar/Jungbwa ophiolitic rocks
including mantle-type rocks,
norite, dunite, harzburgite
Ks
Op1
Pl
Z-Cqs
Ta1
Agglomerate, siltstone,
sandstone
Tud
Agglomerate interlayered
with vesiculated volcanic flows
Pl Pl
Ta2
Pl
Pl
Volcanic center?
Tethyan Metasedimentary Sequence
Op2
Tud
Qc
?
upper conglomerate unit boulder-cobblepebble gravel and sand
Sl
J-K
Mylonitic leucogranite
Mapam Yum Co area
Tcg3
Tud
Qc
Barga
Leucogranite
Tlg
Pulan basin strata
A'''
15.8 km on this thrust
?
20.2 fed into the Permian Triassic contact
Qal
N 28 E
Qls
31
72
23
11
31
51
?
21
Qal
36
50
00
47
60
97-8-17-2
Kiogar/Jungbwa ophiolite thrust sheet
Js
Qaf
30
Qal
33 31
Qg
Qaf
46
00
Qg
Qg
7
25
41
bs
Qaf
49
62
75
62
54 18
Qal
00
62
5600
50
00
19
6400
magn
276 46 35 5
36 21
21
15
620
Qtr2
0
00
Namarodi
Tso
60
00
19
5800
Tud + Js?
mig
0
36
54
00
Qtr
Qg
Tcg2
bs
18
Qtr
Op1
Qal
Tcg3
43
8
Greater Himalayan Crystalline Sequence
Nepal
85
10
380065
18
24
38
46
Lesser Himalayan Sequence
26
61
Qaf
4052
Qg
Qg
-14
00
Op1+2
China
18
-13
4400
00
Qaf
28
-5
Op1
A
44
Qal
-4
Qaf
-3
40
Sl
Dqs
32
Z-Cqs
-2
37
76
62
bs
65
36
12 Qls
-1
75
47
12
Qaf
Tlg
41
4405
32
Tud + Js
Qaf Qls
Qtr
Qc
Op1
Kejia
0
Qtr
Op1+2
3734
1
Qg
Qtr
0
36
Op1
Qal
Z-Ccs
Sl
42
0
Qls
Qtr
2
59
23
Dqs
61
Qtr
Dqs
Op2
47
0
520
15
Qc
Tud
Pl
Tcg2
69
55
35
12
4
Tinkar Lipu
Tcg2
Qaf
45
Qal
+
Qaf
5258
4939
5257
33
4
Qg
4334
Qc
35
Qtr
00
52
50
Nepal
35
34
4200
14
15
Js 28
China
24
31
25
18
Pl
Pl
22
12
26
0
Qg
31
45
63
00
43
16
15
Tcg2
Dqs
Qg
5098
32
40
Lipu Lak
4
21
15
480
10
20
59
29
8
29
Dqs
Tcg3
Tcg2
22
Pl
Dqs
12
37
5
9
Op1+2
5
Op1
India
25
Tcg3
Qtr
Pl
37
22
Qal
+
Qaf
14
Op1
12
Tcg3
Sl
46
6
5448
23
17
6
00
46
45
Tcg3
Op2
54
20
km
5248
25
Qtr
72
600
00
46
Tud
Op1
36
A'
4392
7
8
10
21
00
T
Op2
7
21
21
46
Pl
P
Tcg2
Dqs
4200
65
7 Tcg3
13
Pl
30
Dqs
th T
Tcg3
10
Pulan
Tcg1
4205
GMDF 2
18
Qtr
Tcg2
Sl
mig
3
A'
Op2
Op1
Sou
Tcg2
27
A
Op1
gn
Z-Cqs-cs
11
4600
S
17
60
0
4 7
Tcg2
27
3
Tcg2 5
500
Tcg3
15 31
11
12
26 12
GMDF 1
13
33
Op1+2
5
5
19
31
2
15
62
N 30 W
Tcg2
5000
Dqs
Pl
ibet
Qtr
t
00
Sl
Tcg3
ral T
hrus
40
-12
3937
Op2
Cent
58
0
Main
480
25
21
30
-11
45
Dqs
Op1
00
58
13
-10
Qg
-9
Qal
22
32
13
Ronggua Gorge
11
65
45
55
mbl
hme
Op2
22
22 41
6
35
4
Op1
51
Sl
12
gn
17
Pl
Sl
11
13
32
41
21
5600
Qg
2
22
China
Op1+2
Dqs
Qal + Qaf
5582
N 05 E
00
15
460
46
17
mbl
Nepal
5652
Tud + Js?
0
Qg
Qtr2
45
45
41
15
15 31
5
21
34
Sl
520
gn
Pl
A
Pl
6400
Qc
0
Sl
gn
7728m
15 22
-8
0
20 22
6085
an D
4200
4800
4400
420
Qtr2
Gurla Mandhata
Sl
00
bs
54
gn
25
68
Dqs
Qg
35
Qg
etac
mlg
21
A'
Qg
-7
Qal
15
24
Qc
gn
6800
18
Qaf
Qg
22
A''
Ks
agn
58
4104
Qal
-6
Qtr2
Qtr2
37 6 33
54 11
53
41
6
Qc
Z-Cqs-cs
59
50
8 30
Namarodi Gorge
Dqs
3
5
23
A''
Qtr2
agn
12
m
30
Qtr2
62
26
22
Dqs
9
65
21
km
Qal
15
Qaf
mlg
4 6
12
24
55
nt S
yste
44
Qal
Qaf
Tud + Js?
12
21 9
65
60
K Qtr2
34
Qal
00
A''
44
Tud + Js?
50
00
dunnite
and norite
Kiogar/Jungbwa ophiolite
0
480
76
65
southern strand of
Karakoram fault
4752