LA -Directed Activities!
1) Functional Groups
2) Stoichiometry-Yields!
What is the major functional group
in this molecule?
Hint:
z
Red: Oxygen
z
White: Hydrogen
z
Gray: Carbon
Alcohol
There is a hydroxide (-OH) group attached to
Carbon 2.
Draw the skeletal structure of the molecule.
Can you name it?
tert-Butanol, tert-butyl-alcohol,
2-methyl-2-propanol
What is the major functional group?
Amine
There is an amine (-NH2) group attached to the
Carbon 1 atom.
Now draw the skeletal structure.
Now name it.
Ethylamine
Which of the following images
depicts ethylamine?
A
B
C
Hint:
Gray: Carbon, White: Hydrogen, Blue: Nitrogen, Red: Oxygen
Choice A correctly depicts
ethylamine.
Identify the ketone.
How can you tell?
Hint:
Gray: Carbon, White: Hydrogen, Blue: Nitrogen, Red:
Oxygen
The first image depicts
Acetone, which is the
simplest example of a
ketone.
Can you draw the
skeletal structure for
acetone?
Acetone
What is the major functional group
in methanal?
Methanal is an aldehyde.
What is another name for methanal?
Formaldehyde is another name for methanal.
Which of the following depicts the compound?
A
B
C
Hint:
Gray: Carbon, White: Hydrogen, Blue: Nitrogen, Red: Oxygen
Answer choice C
shows Formaldehyde.
What is the structural
formula for
formaldehyde?
Formaldehyde
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter
Parkinson’s disease – too little dopamine
Schizophrenia – too much dopamine
Identify the functional group(s)
Amoxicillin
Penicillin antibiotic
Identify the functional group(s)
Morphine
Narcotic analgesic (pain reliever)
Identify the functional group(s)
CHAPTER 7: Organic Functional Groups
PRACTICE PROBLEM
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is a hormone secreted when the body is under
stress. Illicit drugs that are structurally similar to epinephrine are highly
addictive stimulants. For example, the illegal and addictive drug
methamphetamine is similar in structure to epinephrine. However,
pseudoephedrine, which is structurally similar to epinephrine, is a
decongestant and sold over the counter in pharmacies.
a. Circle and label all the amine functional groups in these
molecules.
b. In what way is methamphetamine structurally similar to
pseudoephedrine? How is it different?
c. In the body, the amine in epinephrine is in its ionic form. Write the
structure of the ionic form of epinephrine.
88g of propane are burnt! You are able to capture and weigh all the water produced and
it is found to be exactly 54g! What is the % yield of the reaction?
Step 1: Right the reaction with the correct reactants and products
Step 2: Balance it!
Step 3: Find the Molar mass for propane and water, (compounds involved in the problem)
using your periodic table
Step 4: START WITH WHAT YOU KNOW and CONVERT to find theoretical yield for water!
Step 5: Calculate % yield by dividing obtained amount by theoretical amount and multiply by
100%
88g of propane are burnt! You are able to capture and weigh all the water produced and
it is found to be exactly 54g! What is the % yield of the reaction?
Step 1: Right the reaction with the correct reactants and products
Step 2: Balance it!
Step 3: Find the Molar mass for propane and water, (compounds involved in the problem)
using your periodic table
Step 4: START WITH WHAT YOU KNOW and CONVERT to find theoretical yield for water!
Step 5: Calculate % yield by dividing obtained amount by theoretical amount and multiply by
100%
Saponification
Reaction converting fats to soap with glycerol as a
byproduct
Involves base hydrolysis
Reaction with NaOH
Saponification
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOCH
2)3CH
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOCH
2)3CH
+
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CO
O- Na+
3 NaOH Æ
3
C3H8O3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CO
O- Na+
+
C3H8O3
Saponification
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO
CH2)3CH
MW = 420.29
+
3 NaOH Æ
MW = 40
3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CO
O- Na+
+
MW = 166.07
1) What is the theoretical yield for the soap product if 5g of triglyceride react? OR
(same question)
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
How many grams of COO- Na+
are produced by reacting
5.0 grams of
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO
CH2)3CH
2) If 4.0 grams of
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
COO- Na+
then what is the percent yield?
with excess NaOH?
are recovered after the reaction,
C3H8O3
MW = 92.11
Saponification
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO
CH2)3CH
MW = 420.29
+
3 NaOH Æ
MW = 40
3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CO
O- Na+
+
MW = 166.07
1) What is the theoretical yield for the soap product if 5g of triglyceride react? OR
(same question)
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
How many grams of COO- Na+
are produced by reacting
5.0 grams of
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO
CH2)3CH
2) If 4.0 grams of
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
COO- Na+
then what is the percent yield?
with excess NaOH?
are recovered after the reaction,
C3H8O3
MW = 92.11
Saponification
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOCH
2)3CH
+
3 NaOH Æ
MW = 420.29
How many grams of
5.0 grams of
MW = 40
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
COO- Na+
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOCH
2)3CH
3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CO
O- Na+
MW = 166.07
C3H8O3
MW = 92.11
are expected to be produced by reacting
with excess NaOH?
Answer: 5.9 grams
3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2
If 4.0 grams ofCH
COO- Na+
+
are recovered after the reaction,
then what is the percent yield?
Answer: 67.8 %
Saponification
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO
CH2)3CH
MW = 420.29
+
3 NaOH Æ
MW = 40
3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CO
O- Na+
MW = 166.07
3) What is the theoretical yield for the glycerol if 5g of triglyceride react? OR
(same question)
How many grams of glycerol
are produced by reacting
5.0 grams of
4) If 0.8 g of
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO
CH2)3CH
glycerol
then what is the percent yield for glycerol?
with excess NaOH?
is recovered after the reaction,
+
C3H8O3
MW = 92.11
Saponification
+
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO
CH2)3CH
MW = 420.29
3 NaOH Æ
MW = 40
3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CO
O- Na+
MW = 166.07
3) What is the theoretical yield for the glycerol if 5g of triglyceride react? OR
(same question)
How many grams of glycerol
are produced by reacting
5.0 grams of
(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COO
CH2)3CH
with excess NaOH?
Answer: 1.1 grams
4) If 0.8 g of
glycerol
then what is the percent yield for glycerol?
Answer: 73 %
is recovered after the reaction,
+
C3H8O3
MW = 92.11