Acids
 Acids give the hydrogen ion, H , or hydromium ion, H3O1+, in water.
 There are two types: Binary and Oxyacids
 Formula has the subscript (aq), “aqueous” to show that it is a water solution.
1+
Binary Acids
contain hydrogen and a nonmetal atom.
Naming:
1) Classical – have the prefix “hydro” followed by the name of the non-metal ending in “ic”.
2) IUPAC – have the word “aqueous” then the name of the dissolved compound.
Formula Classical Name
hydrofluoric acid
HF(aq)
hydrochloric acid
HCl(aq)
hydrobromic acid
HBr(aq)
hydroiodic acid
HI(aq)
hydrosulfuric acid
H2S(aq)
Special Exception:
Hydrogen cyanide
IUPAC Name
aqueous hydrogen fluoride
aqueous hydrogen chloride
aqueous hydrogen bromide
aqueous hydrogen iodide
aqueous hydrogen sulfide
HCN
Hydrocyanic acid
Oxyacids These are the H compounds of the oxyanions.
Naming:
1) Classical – the main acids all end in “ic”.
2) IUPAC – same as binary acids.
Formula
HNO3 (aq)
HClO3 (aq)
HBrO3 (aq)
HIO3 (aq)
H2CO3 (aq)
H2SO4 (aq)
H3PO4 (aq)
Classical Name
nitric acid
chloric acid
bromic acid
iodic acid
carbonic acid
sulfuric acid
phosphoric acid
IUPAC Name
aqueous hydrogen nitrate
aqueous hydrogen chlorate
aqueous hydrogen bromate
aqueous hydrogen iodate
aqueous hydrogen carbonate
aqueous hydrogen sulfate
aqueous hydrogen phosphate
 Derivatives: IUPAC naming is the same, but the Classical changes the suffixes
– “ate” to “ic” and “ite” to “ous”
Change
1 “O” more
MAIN
1 “O” less
2 “O”s less
Special:
Name
per…ic acid
…ic acid
…ous acid
hypo…ous acid
HClO4
HClO3
HClO2
HClO
Example ( all (aq) )
perchlorc acid
chloric acid
chlorous acid
hypochlorous acid
CH3COOH or (C2H3O2) is acetic acid (vinegar)
Acid Salts
 Oxyacids that have more than 1 H, can lose them one at a time and form acid salts with
metal ions.
Diprotic acids (2 H’s) are H2SO4 and H2CO3 and ALL their derivatives.
 loss of 1 H:
HSO41hydrogen sulphate or bisulphate
1HCO3
hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate
Triprotic (3 H’s) Phosphoric acid and its derivatives can form two different polyatomic ions:
 loss of 2 Hs:
HPO42hydrogen phosphate or biphosphate
 loss of 1 H:
H2PO41dihydrogen phosphate
 exception! (prefix with hydrogen)
Naming:
eg. NaHCO3
eg. CuH2PO3
sodium hydrogen carbonate or
sodium bicarbonate
copper (I) dihydrogen phosphate or
cuprous dihydrogen phosphate
Bases
 give the hydroxide ion, OH-1, when in solution.
 These are water solutions of metal hydroxides
eg. NaOH(aq) is aqueous sodium hydroxide
Special:
NH3 is
ammonia