Biodiversity in 2010
State of Knowledge
Ireland’s Biodiversity in 2010: State of Knowledge
Editors: Úna FitzPatrick, Eugenie Regan and Liam Lysaght
Citation: FitzPatrick, Ú., Regan, E. and Lysaght, L. (editors)(2010) Ireland’s Biodiversity in 2010: State of Knowledge.
National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford.
© National Biodiversity Data Centre 2010
ISBN 978-1-906304-15-7
Contents
Foreword
1
Introduction
3
Habitats (non-marine)
7
Vegetation
8
Fungi
9
Lichens
11
Bryophytes
12
Algae
13
Vascular plants
15
Non-insect invertebrates
17
Insects
21
Tunicates & lancelets
24
Marine fishes
25
Freshwater fishes
27
Amphibians & reptiles
29
Birds
31
Land mammals
33
Bats
34
Marine mammals
35
References
36
Appendix
41
The National Biodiversity Data Centre is an initiative of the Heritage Council and is
operated under a service level agreement by Compass Informatics. The Centre is
funded by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.
Foreword
Dr Liam Lysaght
Ireland, along with its EU partners, agreed to ‘Halt biodiversity loss by 2010’.
Before we can halt biodiversity loss, we need to have some understanding
of what that biodiversity resource is. As a contribution to this target, and to
mark International Year of Biodiversity 2010, the National Biodiversity Data
Centre set out to produce an overview of the state of knowledge on Ireland’s
biodiversity. The scope of this task relates only to knowledge on what
species and habitats occur in Ireland, how they are distributed, and how their
range and/or populations are changing. Ecosystem function and conservation
management are outside the remit of the Centre thus are not addressed in
this document.
The Centre hosted a two day meeting in Waterford on 26 & 27 August 2010
entitled Biodiversity Knowledge Quest. Leading national experts presented
an overview of the state of knowledge on different aspects of Ireland’s
biodiversity.
Each overview was based on the following questions:
• Is there a published checklist?
• Have basic surveys been carried out?
• Is there a national database?
• Has a National conservation assessment been completed?
• Are there monitoring systems in place?
• Are there capacity building requirements?
• Are there other knowledge gaps?
These summaries have been brought together in two documents, and
provide an important overview of the state of knowledge on Ireland’s
biological diversity in 2010:
• Fitzpatrick, Ú., Regan, E. and Lysaght, L. (editors), 2010. Ireland’s
Biodiversity in 2010: State of Knowledge. National Biodiversity Data Centre,
Waterford
• National Biodiversity Data Centre, 2010. Ireland’s Biodiversity in 2010:
Knowledge Gaps. National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford
Top to bottom: Chafer beetle (L. Lysaght)
Grey seal (E.W. Delaney)
Bracket fungus (D. Heaphy)
1
This State of Knowledge document is the first inventory of the principal
sources of biodiversity data in the Republic of Ireland. The information herein
will be made available online at the National Biodiversity Data Centre’s
website www.biodiversityireland.ie, and will be added to and kept up to
date as the knowledge base expands over the coming years.
Building the knowledge base on Ireland’s biological diversity is important as
the goods and services provided by biodiversity are estimated to contribute a
minimum of €2.6 billion per annum to the Irish economy. This natural capital
is the foundation upon which our agriculture, forestry, fisheries and tourism
sector depends and is vital for sustaining vital societal services such as clean
water, productive soil and clean air. As the Irish economy seeks ways to
revitalise itself, gaining a greater understanding of Ireland’s biodiversity and
protecting Ireland’s natural capital should be one of the building blocks of
that recovery.
This document is laid out in sections following taxonomic grouping with
an overview introduction by Dr Don Cotton. Each section follows the same
format; Irish checklist, number of species, primary sources of distribution data,
National conservation assessment, and monitoring or repeat surveys in place.
This layout allows the reader to compare the state of knowledge of different
groups. The Gaps document expands on this by highlighting those areas with
knowledge gaps that could be addressed within the next ten years.
Acknowledgements
Many people were involved in the compilation of this document.
Their advice and support are much appreciated. They are: Paul Connolly
(Marine Institute), Mark Holmes (Natural History Museum), Ian O’Connor
(Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology), Eamonn Kelly (Department of
Environment, Heritage & Local Government), Julia Nunn (Centre for
Environmental Data and Recording), Cliona O’Brien (Heritage Council),
Deirdre Lynn (National Parks and Wildlife Service). Thanks to Nigel Monaghan
(Natural History Museum), Mick O’Toole (Marine Institute), Alan Lauder
(BirdWatch Ireland), Louise Scally (National Platform for Biodiversity
Research) and Colette O’Flynn (National Biodiversity Data Centre) for
chairing sessions during the Knowledge Quest event.
2
Introduction
Dr Don Cotton
Introduction to the state
of Ireland’s biodiversity
In the global effort to protect the planet’s biodiversity it might seem
that Ireland is an insignificant piece of land and marine continental shelf.
However, we have a moral and legal responsibility to protect our biodiversity.
As a developed nation we should also play a leadership role in this
endeavour. Ireland does not support a particularly rich biological diversity
due to its recent glacial history coupled with the geographical position. But
there are some special habitats, and there are unique species and genetic
variations within species in need of protection.
Ecosystem and habitat diversity
It is widely accepted by specialists working on diverse taxonomic groups
that habitat and ecosystem protection is paramount to the conservation
of species and genetic diversity. Describing the range of habitats is one of
the most difficult yet important aspects of biodiversity. The publication of
“A Guide to Habitats in Ireland” (Fossitt, 2000) was a great milestone, but
the time is now right for it to be revised and extended. The involvement
of people such as invertebrate ecologists and lichenologists is now needed
to add descriptions of the micro-habitats that are crucial to the existence
of their organisms. A modified system will make it easier for recorders to
standardise habitat data that should accompany every biological record.
A wide range of surveys have been carried out in Ireland over the last few
years which concentrated upon special habitats that are uncommon or rare
in the rest of Europe. Several surveys are on-going but attention is now
being given to sub-marine habitats which occupy ten times the area of the
terrestrial environment. Reports from these surveys are mostly unpublished,
they are often very long and detailed and are consequently not used as
widely as they deserve. A review that summarises the main findings of
these reports would be a most valuable publication.
Top to bottom: Connemara (S. Waldron)
Irish hare (E.W. Delaney)
Large carder bee (J. Breen)
3
Species diversity
Knowledge of which species are found in Ireland has depended upon there
being people with expertise in the taxa. In common with other countries
there is an imbalance in the state of our knowledge because organisms
that are larger, more attractive and terrestrial, tend to be the best studied
and have good identification works. For convenience one can divide our
knowledge of species diversity in Ireland into three categories :
(a) Taxa that have regularly up-dated species lists and we know their
geographical distributions and population trends
There are very few vascular plants waiting to be added to the Irish
list that stands at just over 1000 native species with another 1075 ‘alien’
species recorded. Not only that but we know their geographical distributions
quite well and work is progressing on studies of sub-species and hybrids.
A Red Data Book was published over 20 years ago but with all of the new
information available an up-date version is now considered overdue.
Vertebrates are also very thoroughly studied and it is generally possible to
give an account of the distribution and ecology for about 550 species
that includes all but the marine fish. There are organisations
dedicated to specific groups within the vertebrates which
has resulted in recent distribution maps, atlases and
updated red lists. There are repeat distribution and
abundance surveys in place for many of these groups
of species some of which are reviewed on a cyclic
basis.
It is notable that larger and more attractive
invertebrates have also received special attention.
The butterflies have been studied for many years but
this interest has now spread to the macro-moths and
is beginning to filter down to the micro-moths. This
means that 1,454 species in Order Lepidoptera are
receiving enough attention that distribution maps
and patterns of abundance can now be discerned.
Proportion of species known from Ireland
divided into five major catagories
4
The 34 Irish species of dragonflies and damselflies (Order Odonata) have
also had maps produced and habitat information has been gathered.
The Mollusca have been a very collectable group for many years and
consequently there are good species lists for marine littoral, terrestrial, and
freshwater species. There are also atlases and on-going studies as well as
published Red Lists for the molluscs.
The proportions of species by
threat category for each of the
taxonomic groups that have been
Red Listed in Ireland using the
IUCN methodology.
It is important to say that people studying all of the above taxa would point
out that their group of organisms is still under-studied and there is so much
more to do!
(b) Taxa for which there are species lists and a limited knowledge of
their distribution, but little else
Organisms in this category generally have species lists and publications
because they are championed by a small number of enthusiastic individuals,
often by amateur naturalists and sometimes by just one person. Some
of these groups contain thousands of species and this emphasises the
difference between our knowledge of these organisms in comparison with
the large, more appealing groups.
During the last 10 years things have been moving quite quickly for some of
these taxa, for example previously there were only species lists and vicecounty records for most of the lichens, bryophytes and spiders but due to
intensive efforts these organisms are probably now well enough known to
have Red Lists compiled.
5
(c) Taxa for which even basic species lists are lacking
In common with most other countries there are some taxa that have hardly
been studied. The enormity of the task can be comprehended when the
algal list stands at 1,054 documented species but there is an estimated
3,000 to 5,000 species; or the fungal list that stands at 5,500 species but
there is an estimated 9,000 species. Invertebrate taxa are a huge mixture of
unrelated groups of animals, many of which haven’t been studied in Ireland
in recent times, if at all. This would be particularly true of marine animals
and some soil organisms. For example, the tiny nematode worms could
account for thousands of species.
Genetic diversity
Ireland, being geographically isolated, is a candidate for genetic drift and the
evolution of unique subspecies and varieties. A few are already well known
but undoubteldly more will be described in the future. Talk about genetic
variety is regarded by some observers as premature when there are many
groups for which basic lists of species don’t exist.
Invasive species
Ireland with its low species diversity and empty niches is
particularly vulnerable to the arrival and the rapid, uncontrolled
spread of invasive species. The collection and collation of data
on such species is now routinely done and serves as an early
warning system to try and prevent further invasions. There is also
an issue around whether non-invasive alien species should be
regarded as contributing to biodiversity.
Concluding remark
In any final analysis, it is important that the data collected is put to
good use. Making lists and producing reports is just a first step but action
is needed which results in the protection of habitats and species if Ireland’s
biodiversity is to be conserved.
Heliophilus species (L. Lysaght)
6
Habitats
(non-marine)
Dr Julie Fossitt | National Parks and Wildlife Service
Irish checklist:
• Fossitt, J.A. (2000) A Guide to Habitats in Ireland. The Heritage Council, Kilkenny.
• Habitats Directive Annex I habitats (1992; subsequent modifications).
See European Commission (2007) Interpretation manual of European Union
habitats EUR 27, European Commission, DG Environment.
Number of habitats:
117 habitats at level 3 (Fossitt, 2000)
59 Annex I habitats in Ireland, 16 of which are or can be priority habitats.
Primary sources of habitat data:
• See Appendix for a list of key surveys (note this is not an exhaustive list).
National conservation assessment:
Assessment of Annex I habitats in Ireland: The state of EU protected habitats and
species in Ireland (2008) National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the
Environment, Heritage and Local Government.
Other habitats have not been assessed at the national level.
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
• Annex I habitats are monitored by the National Parks
and Wildlife Service (see Appendix).
Top to bottom:
Marram. Inis Oirr. (C. O’Rourke)
Green alga. (C. O’Rourke)
Kidney vetch (L. Lysaght)
7
Vegetation
Dr Úna FitzPatrick | National Biodiversity Data Centre
Irish vegetation classification system:
No complete Irish vegetation classification system.
Account of Irish vegetation types: White, J. & Doyle, G., 1982. The vegetation
of Ireland: a catalogue raisonnee. Studies on Irish Vegetation (ed. J. White), pp.
289–368. Royal Dublin Society, Dublin, Eire.
Number of vegetation classes:
Unknown
Primary sources of vegetation data:
A National Vegetation Database is held by the National Biodiversity
Data Centre. This database contains collated information on
22,000+ relevés from the Republic of Ireland. Information
on the national vegetation database, including all data
sources is available at http://nationalvegetationdatabase.
biodiversityireland.ie
National conservation
assessment:
No
Monitoring or repeat
surveys in place:
Annex I habitats are monitored by the National Parks and
Wildlife Service. For some of these habitats this includes sample
monitoring of vegetation
The percentage distribution of relevés in the National
(see Appendix)
Vegetation Database by broad habitat type (October
2010). Mixed relevé source refers to surveys that
contain relevés from a range of habitat types.
8
Fungi
Maria Cullen1 & Howard Fox2 | University of Limerick1; National Botanic Gardens2
Irish checklist:
No complete Irish checklist.
• Legon, N.W., Henrici, A., Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005.
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Henderson, D.M., 2000. A Checklist of the Rust Fungi of the British Isles. British Mycological Society, Cambridge, England, UK.
• Fox, H., 2001. Census catalogue of the lichenicolous fungi of Ireland
(~150 species). National Botanic Gardens, Dublin.
Number of fungi species:
Approximately 5,500 known species (estimated at 9,000)
Primary sources of distribution data:
There is no national fungal database, although there are many sources of
distribution data:
• The Fungal Records Database of Britain and Ireland (FRDBI) maintained
by the British Mycological Society, contains Irish records made by UK and
Irish recorders.
• National Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens, Dublin.
• Muskett & Malone (1978-1985) Catalogue of Irish fungi I-VI,
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy.
• The Northern Irish Fungus Group
(http://www.nifg.org.uk/species/atlas.htm)
• Outside the FRDBI, there are individuals with significant private databases
(more than 2000 records): M Cullen & H Fox (3,500+ records);
D. Mitchel (3,000+ records), R. McHugh (2,000+ records).
Top to bottom:
Chanterelle mushroom (A. Malcolm)
Boletus reticulatus (L. Lysaght)
Bracket fungus (D. Heaphy)
9
A bibliography of fungal work in Ireland was published in 2008: Mangan, A.,
2008. A bibliography of mycology and plant pathology in Ireland, 1976 to
2000. Glasra 4: 119 – 188.
Irish records from the Fungal Records Database of Britain and Ireland (FRDBI)
are held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible
through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).
National conservation assessment:
No
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
• Edible and biodiversity plot studies
(Maria Cullen 2007-2009, University of Limerick).
• Waxcap surveys in counties W. Dongeal, W. Mayo, W. Cork & Clare
(David Mitchell 2006-2009).
Fly agaric (shutterstock.com)
10
Lichens
Dr Mike Simms | National Museums Northern Ireland
Irish checklist:
Seaward, M.R.D., 2010. Census Catalogue of Irish Lichens (3rd Edition).
National Museums Northern Ireland, Belfast.
Number of lichen species:
1,134
Primary sources of distribution data:
A national database LichenIreland (2005-2010) has been compiled by the
Centre for Environmental Data and Recording (CEDaR) as part of a project
funded by the National Parks and Wildlife Service and the Northern Ireland
Environment Agency: http://www.habitas.org.uk/lichenireland/
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – Cladonia subgenus Clanina listed in EU Habitats Directive:
National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats
and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and
Local Government, Dublin.
No National conservation assessment of other species
Monitoring or repeat
surveys in place:
No
*Note – Lichens have been considered separately to other fungi.
Top to bottom:
Pseudocyphellaria crocata (M. Simms)
Woodland lichens (Shutterstock.com)
Xanthoria candelaria (Shutterstock.com)
11
Bryophytes
Nick Hodgetts1 & Dr Neil Lockhart2 | British Bryological Society1; National Parks and Wildlife Service2
Irish checklist:
Hill, M.O., Blackstock, T.H., Long, D.G. & Rothero, G.P., 2008. A checklist and
census catalogue of British and Irish bryophytes updated 2008. Middlewich,
Cheshire: British Bryological Society.
Number of bryophyte species:
797 (inclusive of 13 probable alien species)
Primary sources of distribution data:
A national database has been compiled by the National Parks and Wildlife
Service. It has been agreed that a copy of this database will be held by the
National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps
(http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Petalophyllum ralfsii, Leucobryum
glaucum, Sphagnum species, and Lycopodium (and related genera) are listed
in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status
of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the
Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.
Lockhart, N.D., Hodgetts, N.G. and Holyoak, D.T. (in prep, due 2011) Rare and
Threatened Bryophytes of Ireland - including a Red List and catalogue of
Important Bryophyte Areas. National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland.
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
Rare & threatened bryophyte conservation and monitoring (2008-2011).
The moss species under investigation include Bryum uliginosum, Catoscopium
nigritum, Ditrichum cornubicum, Hamatocaulis vernicosus and Paludella
squarrosa. The liverwort species include Petalophyllum ralfsii, Cephaloziella
nicholsonii, Cephaloziella massalongi, Leiocolea gillmanii and Leiocolea rutheana
var. rutheana. This is collaborative project between NPWS Research, Botany
Department, Trinity College Dublin, and the National Botanic Gardens.
Top to bottom:
Sphagnum (shutterstock.com)
Bryum sp. (C. Campbell)
Sphagnum cf warnstorfii II (C. Campbell)
12
Algae
Prof Michael D. Guiry | NUI Galway
Irish checklist:
No complete Irish checklist.
Of the 53 described classes of algae that potentially occur in Ireland, only 12
have been comprehensively checklisted, and these are mostly marine. The
desmids are the only freshwater group (part of the Zygnemophyceae) that has
been comprehensively catalogued.
National checklists are available for seaweeds (green algae belonging to
the Chlorophyceae, Bryopsidophyceae, Ulvophyceae, some Chlorophyceae,
some Trebouxiophyceae; red algae belonging to the Stylonematophyceae,
Compsopogonophyceae, Bangiophyceae and Florideophyceae; and brown
algae belonging to the Phaeophyceae). A desmid list has been completed and
will be published shortly. A checklist of Characeae is available for the British
Isles.
• Bryant, J.A., Stewart, N.F. & Stace, C.A., 2002. A checklist of Characeae of
the British Isles. Watsonia 24: 203-208.
• Guiry, M.D., 1979. A consensus and bibliography of Irish Seaweeds.
Bibliotheca Phycologica 44: 1-287 [513 species].
• John, D.M., Williamson, D.M. & Guiry, M.D., in prep. A catalogue of the
desmids (Streptophycophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Zygnematales) of
Ireland. Occasional Papers from the National Botanical Gardens [541 species]
Number of algal species:
1,079 known species (estimated at between 3,000 and 5,000)
Top to bottom:
Ascophyllum nodosum, a keystone species
in the west of Ireland (M. Guiry)
Fucus vesiculosus. Carraroe,
Co. Galway (M. Guiry)
Class
Cyanophyceae
Characeae
Xanthophyceae
Phaeophyceae
Compsopogonophyceae
Bangiophyceae
Florideophyceae
Ulvophyceae
Trebouxiophyceae
Chlorophyceae
Bryopsidophyceae
Zygnematophyceae
Total
13
Phylum
Cyanophycophyta
Charophyta
Heterokontophycophyta
Heterokontophycophyta
Rhodophycophyta
Rhodophycophyta
Rhodophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Chlorophycophyta
Streptophycophyta
No. of species
26
25
10
147
8
6
230
15
3
58
10
541
1,079
Literature sources
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Stewart & Church 1992
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
Guiry 1979 (marine only)
John, Williamson
& Guiry in prep.
Primary sources of distribution data:
• A national database of seaweeds in Ireland has been established by NUI
Galway in collaboration with the British Phycological Society.
• John, D.M., Williamson, D.M. & Guiry, M.D., in prep. A catalogue of the
desmids (Streptophycophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Zygnematales) of
Ireland. Occasional Papers from the National Botanical Gardens.
A copy of the national database of seaweeds in Ireland is held by the
National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity
Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon
calcareum listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service,
2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS,
Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.
Ireland Red List: Red, green and brown Seaweeds (in prep, due 2011)
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage
and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
Stewart, N.F. & Church, J.M.1992. Red Data Books of Britain
and Ireland: Stoneworts. The Joint Nature Conservation
Committee, Peterborough, UK.
Monitoring or repeat
surveys in place:
No
Estimated species diversity of Irish algae
14
Vascular plants
Dr Matthew Jebb | National Botanic Gardens
Irish checklist:
Checklist developed by the National Botanic Gardens and published on its
website at http://www.botanicgardens.ie/herb/census/lists.htm
Number of vascular plant species:
2,328
Primary sources of distribution data:
• Botanical Society of the British Isles: hectad and tetrad databases:
http://www.bsbimaps.org.uk/atlas/main.php
• National Botanic Gardens: herbarium & research databases
• National Biodiversity Data Centre: plant data held within the
National Vegetation Database
• National Parks and Wildlife Service:
rare and threatened plant database
• Environmental Protection Agency:
Q value database & funded research
Data is currently being centrally collated by the National Biodiversity
Data Centre.
National conservation assessment:
• Article 17 reporting – 3 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National
Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and
Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and
Local Government, Dublin.
• T.G.F. Curtis and H.N. McGough, 1988. The Irish Red Data Book: 1.
Vascular Plants. Wildlife Service Ireland, The Stationery Office, Dublin.
Top to bottom:
Marsh orchid (L. Lysaght)
Bluebell (L. Lysaght)
Dandelion (L. Lysaght)
15
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
• Rare plant surveys (National Parks and Wildlife Service, 1990s, 2000s)
• BSBI Local Change Project: 1987-1988 (Rich, T.C.G., Beesley, S. & Goodwillie, R. 2001. Changes in the vascular plant flora of Ireland between
pre-1960 and 1987-1988: the BSBI Monitoring Scheme. Irish Naturalists’
Journal 26: 333-350). 264 systematically selected tetrads were surveyed
in Ireland in 1987-88. This survey has not been repeated since.
The number of native and alien vascular plant species in Ireland.
*Apomictic species reproduce asexually, and while they maintain distinctions from other
apomicts, will have smaller differences than is normal between species of most genera
(e.g. Rubus species). Archeophytes are alien species that became established in Ireland
before ad 1500, whereas neophytes were introduced post this date.
Top to bottom:
Blackthorn in flower (L. Lysaght)
Navelwort (L. Lysaght)
16
Non-insect invertebrates
Prof Tom Bolger1, Dr Brendan O’Connor2, Dr Bernard Picton3, & Dr Eugenie Regan4
University College Dublin1; AQUAFACT International Services Ltd.2;
National Museums Northern Ireland3; National Biodiversity Data Centre4
Irish checklists
Phyla present in
Class
Ireland
Protozoa
Myxozoa
Porifera (sponges)
Cnidaria (jellyfish, sea
anemones, corals)
Ctenophora
Mesozoa
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
(flatworms)
Trematoda
Gnathostomulida (jaw
worms)
Gastrotricha (hairy
backs)
Rotifera
Kinorhyncha
Acanthocephala
(spiny-headed
worms)
Entoprocta
Nematoda
(roundworms)
Nemertea (ribbon
worms)
Nematomorpha
(horsehair worms)
Bryozoa
Phoronida
Brachipoda
(lampshells)
Mollusca
Top to bottom:
Common snail (L. Lysaght)
Moon jellyfish (shutterstock.com)
The by-the-wind-sailor (Tom Doyle)
17
Priapulida
Sipuncula (peanut
worms)
Echiura
No. of species
Published Irish
(Ferriss et al. 2009) checklists
Unknown
Unknown
290
302
Stephens, 1905; Jeal &
West, 1970†
3
Stephens, 1905
Unknown
130
Southern, 1936
85
Monogenea
30
Cestoda
55
Holland and Kennedy,
1997†
Holland and Kennedy,
1997†
Holland and Kennedy,
1997†
Unknown
6
306
5
14
Horkan, 1981
4
172
40
3
206
1-3
14
Smyth, 1994†
1,088
Nunn et al., 2002;
Anderson, 2005
1
23
7
Phyla present in
Ireland
Annelida
Class
Polychaeta
Aphanoneura
Oligochaeta
Hirudinea
Tardigrada
Pogonophora
Arthropoda
Subphylum
Chelicerata
Arachnida
Pycnogonida
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Myriapoda
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Symphyla
Subphylum Hexapoda
Collembola
Protura
Diplura
Insecta*
Echinodermata
Chaetognatha (arrow
worms)
Hemichordata (acorn
worms)
No. of species
Published Irish
(Ferriss et al. 2009) checklists
404
2
179
Cotton, 1978; Trodd et
al., 2005†
32
42
1
Van Helsdingen, 1996;
Legg & O’Connor, 1997;
1,109
Luxton, 1998;
20
Kelly et al., 2001;
Cawley, 2002;
Baker & Bayliss, 2005
3,000**
41
28
3
Foster, 1915
201
5
4
Bolger, 1986; Blackith &
Good, 1991
192
15
Nichols, 1902
Rossia macrosoma (B. Picton)
3
*Dealt with in separate section, **3,000 species of crustaceans have been
recorded in Ireland to date with an estimated total of 6,000 species
(Mark Holmes, pers. comm.), †Only partial checklists for
these groups.
Note: InvertebrateIreland
(www. habitas.org.uk/invertebrateireland/)
aims to put online all checklists of Irish invertebrates
compiled by acknowledged experts.
18
Non-insect invertebrates
Number of non-insect
invertebrate species:
8,000+
Primary sources of distribution data:
Top to bottom:
Flatworm (J. Breen)
Lithobius pilicornis (T. Barber)
Spider (L. Lysaght)
19
Arachnids: The Gibson Spider Collection*
Arachnids: The County Distribution of Irish Spiders (Van Helsdingen, 1996)
Arachnids: Harvestmen of Ireland*
Arachnids: Pseudoscorpions of Ireland*
Bryozoa: Freshwater Bryozoa (Smyth, 1994)
Bryozoa: Marine Bryozoa (Wyse Jackson, 1991)
Centipedes of Ireland*
Corals (Deegan, 2004)
Crustacea: records held by Mark Holmes, Natural History Museum, Dublin
Crustacea: Asellota (Isopoda)(Kavanagh, 2009)
Crustacea: Lobster (Tully et al., 2006)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara)
Crustacea: Brown crab (Tully et al., 2006)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara)
Crustacea: Clawed lobster (Nolan, 2004)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara)
Crustacea: Shrimp (Kelly et al., 2008)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara)
Crustacea: Nephrops under water TV surveys (Marine Institute)
Flatworms: Planarians (Anderson, 1986)
Irish New Zealand Flatworm Database*
Jellyfish: EcoJel Project (UCC)
Lice: Butler & O’Connor, 1994
Marine flora and fauna (Howson & Picton, 1999)
Mollusca: Marine molluscs (Conchological Society of
Great Britain and Ireland)
Mollusca: All-Ireland non-Marine Molluscan Database*
Mollusca: Scallops (Tully, 2006)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara)
Mollusca: Cockle (Hervas et al., 2008)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara)
Mollusca: Cephalopods (Lordan et al., 2001) (Marine Institute)
Millipedes of Ireland*
Nematoda: Brown et al., 1977
Oligochaetes: Earthworms of Ireland Database*
Oligochaetes: Freshwater Oligochaeta (Trodd et al., 2005)
Sponges of Rathlin Island*
Ticks: Martyn, 1988
Woodlice (Doogue & Harding, 1982)
*Databases held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made
accessible through Biodiversity Maps.
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – seven species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National
Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and
Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and
Local Government, Dublin.
Byrne, A., Moorkens, E.A., Anderson, R., Kileen, I.J.
and Regan, E.C., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 2 – Non-Marine Molluscs.
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage
and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
No national conservation assessment of other species
Monitoring or
repeat surveys
in place:
The seven non insect invertebrates
listed in the EU Habitats Directive
are monitored by the National Parks
and Wildlife Service: Austropotamobius
pallipes, Geomaculosus maculosus,
Margaritifera margaritifera, M. durrovensis,
Vertigo angustior, V. geyeri, and V. Moulinsiana.
Species richness of Irish non-insect invertebrates
20
Insects
Prof Tom Bolger1, Dr Maria Callanan1, Dr Mary Kelly-Quinn1, Dr Brian Nelson2, & Dr Eugenie Regan3
University College Dublin1; National Parks and Wildlife Service2; National Biodiversity Data Centre3
Irish checklists:
All Irish insects either have, or are currently being checklisted.
Order
Archaeognatha
Coleoptera
Dermaptera
Diptera
Ephemeroptera
Hemiptera
Hymenoptera
Lepidoptera
Mecoptera
Megaloptera
Neuroptera
Odonata
Orthoptera
Phthiraptera
No. of species
4
2,154
3
3,313
33
770
3,194
1,454
1
2
32
34
12
117
Plecoptera
Psocoptera
Siphonaptera
20
46
40
Strepsiptera
4
Thysanoptera
Thysanura
Trichoptera
40
2
147
Literature source
Delany, 1954
Anderson et al., 1997; 2005
Good, 1979; Cawley, 1999
Chandler et al,.2008
Kelly-Quinn and Bracken, 2000; Ashe et al., 1998; 2005
O’Connor and Nelson, in press
O’Connor et al., 2009
Bond et al., 2006; Bond et al., 2008
King and Halbert, 1910
Ashe et al., 1998
Barnard et al., 1991; O’Connor, 2003
Ashe et al., 2005
Marshall and Haes, 1988; Cawley, 2005
Butler and O’Connor, 1994; Doyle et al., 2004;
O’Connor, 2005; O’Connor et al., 2005
Ashe et al., 1998
Smithers et al., 2000
Smiddy and Sleeman, 1993; Sleeman and Smiddy,
1994; Sleeman et al., 1996
Ronayne and O’Connor, 2006; O’Connor and Ronayne,
2007
O’Connor, 2008
Delany, 1954
Ashe et al., 2005
Note: InvertebrateIreland (www. habitas.org.uk/invertebrateireland/) aims
to put online all checklists of Irish invertebrates compiled by acknowledged
experts.
Number of insect species:
11,422+ (Regan et al., 2010)
Top to bottom:
Large carder bee (John Breen)
Chafer beetle (L. Lysaght)
Common blue damselfly (L. Lysaght)
21
Primary sources of distribution data:
Beetles: Chrysomelidae and Bruchidae (accessible through NBN Gateway )
Beetles: Click Beetles (records held by Howard Mendel)
Beetles: Ground Beetles of Ireland (CEDaR)
Beetles: Ladybirds of Ireland (CEDaR)
Beetles: Steninae (records held by Jonty Denton)
Beetles: Water Beetles of Ireland*
Beetles: Weevils (records held by Mike Morris)
Butterflies: Irish Butterfly Monitoring Scheme*
Butterflies: Butterflies of County Waterford*
Butterflies: Irish Wood White Database*
Butterflies: Butterfly Ireland survey, Dublin Naturalists’ Field Club
Dragonfly Ireland*
Ephemeroptera of Ireland*
Fleas of Ireland*
Flies: Anisopodidae and Thaumaleidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of Ireland*
Flies: Chironomids (records held by Declan Murray)
Flies: Craneflies of Ireland*
Flies: Dixidae (Diptera) of Ireland*
Flies: Hoverflies (records held by Martin Speight)
Flies: Mosquitoes of Ireland*
Flies: Non-biting midges (records held by Peter Langton)
Flies: Biting midges (Blue Tongue Vector Surveillance Programme)
Flies: Simulidae (Tierney et al., 2005)
Hemiptera: Heteroptera (records held by Brian Nelson)
Hymenoptera: Bees of Ireland*
Hymenoptera: Braconidae (O’Connor et al., 1999)
Hymenoptera: BWARS database
Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea (O’Connor et al., 2000)
Hymenoptera: Diapriinae (O’Connor and Ashe, 1992)
Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae (O’Connor et al., 2007)
Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea and Proctotrupoidea (O’Connor et al., 2004)
Hymenoptera: Sawflies (O’Connor et al., 1997)
Microlepidoptera, National Museum of Ireland*
MothsIreland
Neuroptera of Ireland*
Thrips (O’Connor, 2008)
*Databases held by the National
Biodiversity Data Centre and made
accessible through Biodiversity Maps
(http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).
22
Insects
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – 1 species (Marsh fritillary) listed in EU Habitats
Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU
Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the
Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.
• FitzPatrick, Ú., Murray, T.E., Byrne, A., Paxton, R.J. and Brown, M.J.F., 2006.
Regional Red List of Irish Bees. National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)
& Environment & Heritage Service (Northern Ireland).
• Foster, G. N., Nelson, B. H. and O Connor, Á., 2009. Ireland Red List No.
1 – Water beetles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage & Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
• Regan, E.C., Nelson, B., Aldwell, B., Bertrand, C., Bond, K., Harding, J., Nash, D., Nixon, D., Wilson, C.J., 2010. Ireland Red List No. 4 – Butterflies. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
• A regional red list for dragonflies is in preparation.
• No National conservation assessment
of other species
Monitoring or repeat
surveys in place:
• Irish Butterfly Monitoring Scheme
(National Biodiversity Data Centre:
http://irishbutterflymonitoringscheme.biodiversityireland.ie)
Irish insect species diversity
• Water Framework Monitoring Programme
(EPA, includes freshwater invertebrates but is not species specific)
• Rothamsted Light Trap Network (Moths): currently 4 sites (Dublin Zoo,
Wexford Wildfowl Reserve, Fota Wildlife Park and Connemara National Park)
• Monitoring of pests in forests (Forest Service)
23
Tunicates & lancelets
Dr Eugenie Regan | National Biodiversity Data Centre
Irish checklist:
No
Number of species of
tunicates and lancelets:
Tunicates (Urochordata) = 72, Lancelets (Cephalachordata) = 1
(Ferriss et al. 2009)
Primary sources of distribution data:
There is no national tunicates and lancelets database.
National conservation assessment:
No
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
No
Top to bottom:
Blue bell tunicates (Shutterstock.com)
Filter feeding tunicates (Shutterstock.com)
Tunicates (Shutterstock.com)
24
Marine fishes
Declan Quigley | Sea-Fisheries Protection Authority, Howth, Co Dublin
Irish checklist:
No Irish specific-species checklist published since Went & Kennedy (1976).
General reviews by Wheeler (1992); Quigley (1996 & 2000), Purcell (1996),
Wheeler et al. (2004), Ferriss et al. (2009).
Updated draft List of Irish Marine Fishes (Quigley 2010, 563 species).
Number of species of marine fishes:
563+ (a complete checklist is being prepared by D. Quigley and will be
available in 2011)
• 245 species inshore (<200m depth) (130 exclusively inshore)
• 435 species offshore (>200m depth) (321 exclusively offshore)
Primary sources of distribution data:
• Comprehensive records held by Declan Quigley for 142+ species
(majority published in the Irish Naturalists Journal 1984-2010)
• Marine Institute: Acoustic Surveys, Mackerel and Horse Mackerel Egg
Surveys, Deepwater Survey, Biological Survey, Anglerfish Survey,
Irish Groundfish Survey
• Bord Iascaigh Mhara: Bluefin Tuna tagging (Cosgrove et al. 2008)
• Database of Elasmobranchs in Irish waters (National Biodiversity Data Centre)
• Inland Fisheries Ireland: Water Framework Directive Database - fish in
transitional waters (estuaries and lagoons), Marine Sports Fish Tagging
Database (elasmobranchs – shark, tope, monkfish, common skate and ray)
The database of Elasmobranchs in Irish waters is held by the National
Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps.
Top to bottom:
Black goby (Shutterstock.com)
Lesser spotted dogfish (Shutterstock.com)
Mackerel school (Shutterstock.com)
25
National conservation assessment:
Commercial species: Fisheries Science Service 2010. The Stock Book: Annual
Review of Fish Stocks in 2010 with management advice for 2011. Marine
Institute Galway.
King, J., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Roche, W. & Cassidy, D. 2011
Ireland Red List No. 5: Freshwater fish, amphibians and reptiles. National
Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and
Local Government, Dublin, Ireland (includes fish in transitional waters).
No National conservation assessment of other species.
Monitoring or repeat
surveys in place:
Commercial species: Fisheries Science Service. 2010.
The Stock Book: Annual Review of Fish Stocks in
2010 with management advice for 2011.
Marine Institute Galway.
Fish in transitional waters are monitored
through the Water Framework Directive Fish
Monitoring Programme, approx 65 species
(Inland Fisheries Ireland).
Irish marine fishes species diversity
26
Freshwater fishes
Dr Fiona Kelly | Inland Fisheries Ireland
Irish checklist:
Went & Kennedy (1976) and Maitland and Campbell (1992).
Number of species of freshwater fish:
29
Primary sources of distribution data:
• Water Framework Directive Database http://www.wfdfish.ie/
• Inland Fisheries Ireland http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/
• National Database of freshwater fish in Irish rivers
• National Database of freshwater fish in Irish lakes*
• Eel Database
• Sea Trout Database
• National Salmon Tagging Database
• Ireland’s Specimen Fish Database
• Database held by the Irish Char Conservation Group*
• Databases held by Irish angling groups
*Databases held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible
through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – 8 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks
and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species
in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local
Government, Dublin.
Top to bottom:
Bream (Inland Fisheries Ireland)
Brown trout (Inland Fisheries Ireland)
Pike (Shutterstock.com)
27
King, J., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Roche, W. & Cassidy, D. 2011
Ireland Red List No. 5: Fish, amphibians and reptiles. National Parks
and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local
Government, Dublin, Ireland.
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
• Water Framework Directive Fish Monitoring Programme
(Inland Fisheries Ireland)
• National Lamprey Monitoring Programme 2003 – 2010
(Inland Fisheries Ireland)
• National Monitoring Programme for Arctic Char (Inland Fisheries Ireland)
• National Eel Monitoring Programme (Inland Fisheries Ireland have
responsibility for the programme but the Marine Institute and other organisations are inputting data)
Connemara
(Steve Waldren)
28
Amphibians & reptiles
Dr Ferdia Marnell | National Parks and Wildlife Service
Irish checklist:
No up to date checklist, but a recent list of known Irish amphibians and
reptiles in:
King, J., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Roche, W. & Cassidy, D. 2011.
Ireland Red List No. 5: Fish, amphibians and reptiles. National Parks and
Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local
Government, Dublin, Ireland.
Number of amphibian and reptile
species:
6 (5 native: Common frog, Natterjack toad, Smooth newt, Viviparous lizard,
Leatherback turtle; one non-native species: Slow-worm)
Primary sources of distribution data:
• National Parks and Wildlife Service: threatened species database
• National Lizard Survey (Irish Wildlife Trust)
• Irish Frog Survey (Irish Peatland Conservation Council)
• CEDaR datasets
• Marine Turtles in Irish Waters database (G. King & S. Berrow)
• Marine Turtle database held by the Coastal and Marine Resources Centre
A copy of the Marine Turtles in Irish Waters database is held by the National
Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps
(http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).
National conservation assessment:
Top to bottom: Leatherback nesting in
French Guiana (T. Doyle)
Smooth newt (L. Lysaght)
Common frog (J. Dunleavy)
29
Article 17 reporting – 3 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks
and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species
in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local
Government, Dublin.
King, J., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Roche, W. & Cassidy, D. 2011.
Ireland Red List No. 5: Fish, amphibians and reptiles. National Parks
and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local
Government, Dublin, Ireland.
Monitoring or repeat
surveys in place:
• National frog survey - underway
(National Parks and Wildlife Service)
• Natterjack toad monitoring programme
(National Parks and Wildlife Service)
Viviparous lizard (Shutterstock.com)
30
Birds
Stephen Newton | BirdWatch Ireland
Irish checklist:
Irish Rare Birds Committee – The Irish List (31st December 2008)
http://www.irbc.ie/topbar/categories.php
Number of resident and regular
visiting bird species:
457
Primary sources of distribution data:
Hen harrier (Shutterstock.com)
• Bird Atlas 2007-11 (http://www.bto.org/birdatlas/)
• Atlas of Breeding Birds of Britain & Ireland: 1968-72*
• Atlas of Wintering Birds of Britain & Ireland: 1981/82 – 1983/84*
• Second Atlas of Breeding Birds of Britain & Ireland: 1988-91*
• BirdTrack( http://www.bto.org/birdtrack/)
• Countryside Bird Survey
• Irish Wetland Birds Survey **
*Copies of these databases are held by the National Biodiversity
Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps
(http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie). ** IWEBS data from
1994-2001 is accessible through Biodiversity Maps.
National conservation
assessment:
• Lynas, P., Newton, S.F. & Robinson, J.A., 2007.
The status of birds in Ireland: an analysis of
conservation concern 2008-2013. Irish Birds
8(2) 149-166.
• Newton, S., Donaghy, A., Allen, D. & D.
Gibbons., 1999. Birds of Conservation Concern
in Ireland. Irish Birds 6(3) 333-344.
31
The Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland. Red List
species are of high conservation concern and Amber List
species are of medium conservation concern.
Monitoring or repeat
surveys in place:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Countryside Birds Survey (annual)
Garden Bird Survey (annual)
Irish Wetland Birds Survey (annual)
Whooper & Bewick’s Swans (every 5 years, latest January 2010)
Barnacle Geese (every 5 years, latest March 2008)
Light-bellied Brent Geese (annual)
Non-Estuarine Coastal Waterfowl Survey (NEWS, every 9 years, latest 2006-07)
Common Scoter (breeding, not on regular cycle; overdue)
Corncrake (annual)
Twite (ongoing research & population monitoring)
Chough (every 10 years, latest 2002-03)
Machair Breeding Waders
Shannon Callows Breeding Waders
Lambay Ornithological Survey
(annual; includes full seabird census every 5 years, latest 2009)
Breeding Cormorants
(sporadic, latest 2010; east coast colonies counted annually)
Breeding Terns (national every 10 years, last 1995, overdue)
Roseate Terns (breeding, annual)
Little Terns (breeding, east coast only, annual)
Breeding Seabirds
(full national, every 15 years: 1969-70, 1985-87, 1998-2002)
Upland Birds 2002-2004 (Golden Plover, Ring Ouzel)
Red Grouse 2005 (pilot), 2007-2009 (national)
Waterways Birds (including Kingfisher) 2006-2010
Dipper (long-term monitoring in Cork & Laois-Offaly)
Irish Rare Breeding Birds (annual assessments published by the panel)
Grey Herons (& Little Egrets: done historically, to be re-launched soon)
Barn Owl (ongoing research & population monitoring)
Peregrine (every 10 years, latest 2002
Hen Harrier (every 5 years, latest 2010)
National Raptor Monitoring Scheme (in development, pilot underway)
Great tit (L. Lysaght)
32
Land mammals
Dr Paddy Sleaman | University College Cork
Irish checklist:
No up to date checklist, but a recent list of known Irish mammals in:
Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 3: Terrestrial
Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment,
Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
Number of land mammal species:
25
Primary sources of distribution data:
• Data is currently being collated and consolidated by the National
Biodiversity Data Centre as part of the Atlas of Mammals in Ireland initiative.
• Road Kill Survey (Biology.ie http://www.biology.ie/home.php?m=npws)
• Badger sett database (Wildlife Unit of Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food)
A subcomponent of the badger sett database is held by the National Biodiversity
Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.
biodiversityireland.ie).
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – 3 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and
Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland.
NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.
Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 3: Terrestrial
Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment,
Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
Top to bottom:
Red fox (Shutterstock)
Feral goat (L. Lysaght)
Irish hare (E.W. Delaney)
33
• National Otter Survey (National Parks and Wildlife Service)
• National Pine Marten Survey (National Parks and Wildlife Service)
• National Hare Survey (National Parks and Wildlife Service)
• Ongoing Badger Sett Surveys (Wildlife Unit of Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food)
Bats
Dr Niamh Roche1, Daniel Buckley2, & Dr Kate McAney3 Bat Conservation Ireland (BCIreland)1;
Centre for Irish Bat Research2; Vincent Wildlife Trust3
Irish checklist:
No up to date checklist, but a recent list of known Irish bats in:
Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 3:
Terrestrial Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the
Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
Number of bat species:
9
Primary sources of distribution data:
• A National Bat Database is compiled and managed by BCIreland (this will
include data from the BATLAS 2010 project).
A copy of the National Bat Database is held by the National Biodiversity
Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.
biodiversityireland.ie).
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – 9 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks
and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species
in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local
Government, Dublin.
Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 3:
Terrestrial Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the
Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
• National Lesser Horseshoe Bat Monitoring Programme
(National Parks and Wildlife Service)
• All-Ireland Car-based Monitoring Programme (BCIreland)
• All-Ireland Daubenton’s Bat Waterways Survey (BCIreland)
• Brown Long-eared Bat Roost Monitoring (currently ROI only, BCIreland)
Top to bottom:
Brown long-eared bat (E.W. Delaney)
Daubenton’s bat (F. Greenaway)
Leisler’s bat (D. Heaphy)
34
Marine mammals
Dr Simon Berrow | Irish Whale and Dolphin Group (IWDG)
Irish checklist:
No up to date checklist, but a recent list of all known Irish marine mammals in:
National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats
and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and
Local Government, Dublin.
Number of marine mammal species:
24 cetaceans + 2 seals
Primary sources of distribution data:
• Irish Whale and Dolphin Group: cetaceans
• European Seabirds at Sea (maintained by the Joint Nature
Conservation Committee): seals and cetaceans
• The Coastal and Marine Resources Centre, Cork: seals and cetaceans
• National Parks and Wildlife Service: seal data
An All-Ireland Marine Mammals Database is compiled and managed by the
National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity
Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).
National conservation assessment:
Article 17 reporting – all 26 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National
Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and
Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and
Local Government, Dublin.
Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:
Top to bottom:
Bottlenosed dolphin (S. Berrow)
Grey seal pup (E.W. Delaney)
Humpback whale (P. Whooley)
35
• Land-based monitoring (IWDG under contract to the National Parks
and Wildlife Service)
• Seal counts (NPWS rangers)
• Ferry Surveys (IWDG)
References
Anderson, R. 1986 The land planarians of Ireland (Tricladia: Terricola), a summary of distribution
records. Irish Naturalists’ Journal 22: 141-147.
Anderson, R. 2005 An Annotated List of the Non-Marine Mollusca of Britain & Ireland, Journal of
Conchology, London, 38: 607-638.
Anderson, R., Nash, R. and O’Connor, J.P. 1997 Irish Coleoptera. A revised and annotated list. Irish
Naturalists’ Journal Special Entomological Supplement.
Anderson, R., Nash, R. and O’Connor, J.P. 2005 Checklist of Irish Coleoptera. InvertebrateIreland
Online, Ulster Museum, Belfast and National Museum of Ireland, Dublin.
Ashe, P., O’Connor, J.P. and Murray, D.A. 1998 A checklist of Irish Aquatic Insects. Occasional
Publication of the Irish Biogeographical Society Number 3.
Ashe, P., O’Connor, J.P. and Murray, D.A. 2005 A checklist of Irish Aquatic Insects. InvertebrateIreland
Online, Ulster Museum, Belfast and National Museum of Ireland, Dublin.
Baker, R. A. and Bayliss, R. A. 2005 A review and update of the mesostigmatid and prostigmatid
mites of the marine littoral and supralittoral in Ireland based on the work of J. N. Halbert (18721948), including a checklist, revised nomenclature, collecting sites and recent records of mites.
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society 29: 280-299.
Barnard, P.C., O’Connor, J.P. and Speight, M.C.D. 1991 A review of the published distribution data
for Irish Neuroptera (Insecta), together with additional records and a checklist of the Irish species.
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society 14, 109-123.
Blackith, R.E. and Good, J.A. 1991 Protura in Ireland. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society
14, 84-89.
Bolger, T. 1986 The Collembola of Ireland - a checklist and bibliography. Proceedings of the Royal
Irish Academy 86B, 183-218.
Bond, K.G.M., Nash, R. and O’Connor, J.P. 2006 An annotated checklist of Irish butterflies and moths
(Lepidoptera). Irish Biogeographical Society and National Museum of Ireland, Dublin.
Bond, K.G.M., Nash, R. and O’Connor, J.P. 2008 An annotated checklist of Irish butterflies and moths
(Lepidoptera). InvertebrateIreland Online, Ulster Museum, Belfast and National Museum of Ireland,
Dublin.
Brown, D. J. F., Taylor, C. E., Boag, B., Alphey, T. J. W. and Orton-Williams, K. J. 1977 Provisional atlas
of the nematodes of the British Isles: Part 1-3, Longidoridae, Trichodoridae and Criconematidae.
Biological Records Centre, Huntingdon, UK.
Butler, F. T. and O’Connor, J. P. 1994 A review of Irish Ischnocera and Amblycera (Phthiraptera). Irish
Naturalists’ Journal 24: 449-457.
Cawley, M. 1999 Forficula lesnei Finot 1887, an earwig (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) new to Ireland.
Irish Naturalists’ Journal 26, 272-273.
Cawley, M. 2002 A review of the Irish harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones). Bulletin of the Irish
Biogeographical Society 26, 106-137.
Cawley, M. 2005 Notes and records on some Irish Orthoptera and Dermaptera. Bulletin of the Irish
Biogeographical Society 29, 300-307.
Chandler, P.J., O’Connor, J.P. and Nash, R. 2008 An annotated checklist of the Irish two-winged flies
(Diptera). Irish Biogeographical Society and National Museum of Ireland, Dublin.
Cosgrove, R., Stokesbury, M., Browne, D., Boustany, A., Block, B. and Farrell, M. 2008 Bluefin Tuna
Tagging in Irish Waters. Fisheries Resource Series, Bord Iascaigh Mhara (Irish Sea Fisheries Board),
Dun Laoghaire, Ireland. Vol. 6, 2008.
36
References
Cotton, D.C.F. 1978 A revision of the Irish earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) with the
addition of two species. Irish Naturalists’ Journal 19: 257-260.
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40
Appendix
Primary data sources for non-marine habitats
(J. Fossitt, 2010)
NPWS Datasets
Scope/purpose of dataset
Coastal Monitoring Project
2004-2006
Comprehensive baseline monitoring survey of Irish sand dune
sites (10 Annex I coastal habitats) – 181 sites
Lagoon Surveys and Database
1996-2006
Comprehensive national inventory and survey of 80 lagoon
sites
Saltmarsh Monitoring Project
2006-2009
Baseline monitoring survey of a representative sample of Irish
saltmarshes (5 Annex I habitats) – 131 sites
2005
Desk study which identified ~140 ‘potential coastal heath and
cliff sites’
2009-ongoing
Baseline monitoring survey of Irish seacliffs (1 Annex I habitat)
1999
Inventory survey of shingle beach sites and their conservation
value
National Seacliff Inventory
National Seacliff Survey
National Shingle Beach Survey
Survey of intertidal mudflats and sandflats
2006-2007
Detailed survey of sedimentary and biological facies in
representative sites
National Survey of Native Woodlands
2003-2007
Extensive inventory and survey of 1320 woodland sites
(1667 relevés) in Ireland (4 Annex I habitats). New woodland
classification
National Fen Database – review of available data on springs,
fens and flushes
Up to 2006
To consolidate information on the extent and conservation
status of Irish springs, fens and flushes based on existing
information held by NPWS and other interested parties
Petrifying springs
2010-2013
Survey and conservation assessment of petrifying springs (PhD)
2006
Grassland monitoring of a representative sample of the Annex
I priority habitats: 6230 (Species-rich Nardus grasslands) and
6210 (Semi-natural dry grasslands) in Natura 2000 sites
2007-ongoing
Survey of semi-natural grasslands and marsh communities in
Roscommon, Offaly (2007); Cork, Waterford (2008); Cavan,
Monaghan, Leitrim, Longford (2009) [2143 relevés from 580
sites in 8 counties]; Donegal, Sligo, Dublin and Kildare (2010) (6
Annex I habitats). Scheduled to extend to additional counties
2008
Survey of metalliferous mine waste sites in Ireland which hold
areas of the Annex I habitat 6130 (Calaminarian grassland)
Grassland Monitoring Project – sample of Annex I priority
habitats
Irish Semi-natural Grassland Survey
Metalliferous Mine Waste Survey
National Limestone Pavement Survey
Consolidated Turlough Dataset
41
Dates
2008-ongoing
Up to 2008
Survey and mapping of the range, extent and condition of
limestone pavement in Ireland
Documenting the distribution of the national turlough resource
– consolidation of existing data
NPWS Datasets
Integrated Turlough Study
Dates
2006-ongoing
Scope/purpose of dataset
Multidisciplinary project (TCD) integrating hydrological,
biological and chemical nutrient data from 22 selected
turloughs
Turf Cutting Assessment Projects (raised bogs)
1994-2006
Raised bog restoration/assessment of impacts of turf cutting on
designated raised bog sites
Raised Bog Monitoring Project
2004-2005
Monitoring survey of 48 raised bog sites
National Survey of Upland Habitats (12-15 upland habitat
complexes)
2008-ongoing
Baseline monitoring survey of Irish upland habitats (over 150m
altitude and other continuous open land) (10 Annex I habitats;
12-15 upland complexes)
Ongoing
Data on the condition of lands in commonages. Habitat mosaics
are identified within condition assessment units
Commonage Datasets
Conservation Planning Habitat Maps for Natura 2000 sites
1995-ongoing
Conservation Assessments Data
2007
Habitat data for conservation planning of SACs / SPAs
Datasets used for the 2007 Conservation Assessment under
Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, with habitats mapped at
10km grid square level. Data derived from sources varying in
quality and currency, and include best expert judgment where
necessary. Full details are available in the backing documents
which accompany the datasets
Local Authorities / Heritage or Biodiversity Plans
Hedgerow surveys (sample surveys of 1km grid squares in the southwest corner of each 10km grid square)
Westmeath, Roscommon, Laois, Offaly, Longford, Kildare, Cavan,
Leitrim, Galway, Kerry, Mayo, Donegal, Sligo, Dublin (Fingal, Dublin
City) – for links to reports see www.hedgelaying.ie
Whole county surveys of selected habitats or features
Monaghan Fen/Wetland Survey; Sligo Wetlands; Waterford Wetlands
(20 sites); Westmeath Fen Survey; Clare Wetlands (Phase 1); Meath
Wetlands and Coastal Survey; Laois Eskers; Offaly Eskers …
Part county/city habitat mapping – baseline information, Development
Plan and Local Area Plan areas
Carlow, Clare, Cork County, Dun-Laoighre-Rathdown, Galway City,
Fingal, Kerry, Laois, Sligo …
42
Other sectors (sample)
EPA
Lakes/rivers datasets
Pilot survey to establish suitability of a rules-based feature extraction
and classification processing methods to provide a habitat mapping
solution for a study area (Clare/Galway) in Ireland
Bord na Móna
Habitat surveys of all Bord na Móna lands (ongoing);
exploited bog areas
Coillte
Biodiversity surveys of Coillte lands; conifer plantations, other
woodlands and open lands
Forest Service (DAFF)
FIPS (Forest Inventory Planning System) – all forested areas. Forest07
Environmental assessments
Environmental assessments (no central repository/database)
EISs and supporting reports (e.g. Constraints and Route Section Reports
for major road schemes)
Appropriate assessments
Strategic Environmental Assessments
Other Sources
43
CORINE landcover/biotopes
CORINE Land Cover (CLC) 1990; CLC2000; CLC2006
Based on satellite imagery and standardized nomenclature. Repeat
surveys but minimum mapping unit of 25ha
Teagasc
National Landcover Map and National Habitat Indicator Map
BOGLAND Research Programme – UCD under funding from EPA
Derived Irish Peatland Map (Version 2)
Notes:
44
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