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Chapter Review
Water, wind, and ice shape Earth’s surface.
CONTENT REVIEW
CLASSZONE.COM
Human
activities SUMMARY
affect soil
KEY CONCEPTS
1
Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface.
VOCABULARY
erosion p. 573
deposition p. 573
mass wasting p. 575
Water, wind, and ice move sediment
in the process called erosion. The
placement of sediment in a new
location is deposition, part of the
erosion process.
2
Moving water shapes land.
VOCABULARY
drainage basin p. 579
divide p. 579
floodplain p. 580
alluvial fan p. 581
delta p. 581
sinkhole p. 583
Water drains from land
in drainage basins, which
are separated by divides.
As water flows over land
and underground, it
moves sediment and
changes land features.
3
Waves and wind shape land.
VOCABULARY
The action of
water moves sand
and builds up new
landforms, such
as sandbars and
barrier islands.
Wind forms dunes.
4
Glaciers carve land and move sediments.
Glaciers are large
bodies of ice that
change landscapes
as they move.
600 Unit 4: Earth’s Surface
longshore drift p. 587
longshore current
p. 587
sandbar p. 588
barrier island p. 588
dune p. 589
loess p. 590
VOCABULARY
glacier p. 593
till p. 596
moraine p. 596
kettle lake p. 597
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Reviewing Vocabulary
Copy and complete the chart below. Explain
how each landscape feature is formed.
Feature
How It Forms
EXAMPLE
delta
A river deposits sediment
as it enters the ocean.
1. alluvial fan
2. sinkhole
3. sandbar
4. barrier island
5. dune
6. loess
13. Drainage basins are separated by a
a. moraine
c. tributary
b. divide
d. barrier island
14. In high mountains, a valley carved by a stream
has the shape of a
a. U
c. plate
b. crescent
d. V
15. An oxbow lake is formed by the cutting
off of a
a. meander
c. sinkhole
b. drainage basin
d. glacier
16. Sandbars, spits, and barrier islands can all be
built up by
a. glaciers
c. wind
b. ocean waves
d. mass wasting
7. moraine
8. kettle lake
Reviewing Key Concepts
Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the
best answer.
9. The first stage in the erosion process is
a. deposition
b. mass wasting
c. drainage
d. weathering
10. The main natural force responsible for mass
movements of rocks and debris is
a. rainwater
c. gravity
b. wind
d. fire
11. A sinkhole is formed by the collapse of
a. an alluvial fan
b. a cavern
c. a moraine
d. a kettle lake
12. Rivers transport sediment to
a. drainage basins
b. oceans and lakes
c. the water table
d. moraines
17. A dune is a sand mound built up primarily by
a. gravity
c. glaciers
b. running water
d. wind
18. Strong winds can transport large quantities of
a. gravel
c. dry sand
b. wet sand
d. clay
19. A mountain valley carved by a glacier
has the shape of a
a. U
c. bowl
b. crescent
d. V
Short Answer Answer each of the following
questions in a sentence or two.
20. How is deposition part of the erosion process?
21. How can rainwater in the Rocky Mountains
end up in the ocean?
22. What is the effect of a longshore current on
a beach?
23. Why is a mass movement of mud called a flow?
24. What visual evidence is a sign of creep?
25. What is the connection between icebergs
and glaciers?
Chapter 17: Erosion and Deposition 601
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Thinking Critically
This photograph shows two glaciers joining to
form one (A). Make a sketch of the glaciers to
answer the next three questions.
34. COMPARE AND CONTRAST How are mudflows
and mass wasting of rock similar? How are
they different? Include references to speed
and types of material in your answer.
35. INFER If the wind usually blows from west to
east over a large area of land, and the wind
usually slows down over the eastern half of
the area, where would you be likely to find
loess in the area? Explain your answer.
36. APPLY If you were considering a location for a
house and were concerned about creep, what
two factors about the land would you consider?
A
B
26. APPLY Place an arrow to show in which
direction the main glacier (A) is moving.
27. ANALYZE Mark the places where you think till
would be found.
28. APPLY Mark the location of a lateral moraine.
29. ANALYZE Why does the main glacier not have
an end moraine?
30. COMPARE AND CONTRAST Compare the main
glacier valley in the photograph with the valley
at the far right (B). How are the valleys different? Explain why they might be different.
31. APPLY In exploring an area of land, what clues
would you look for to determine whether
glaciers were once there?
32. COMPARE AND CONTRAST How is a deposit of
till from a glacier similar to a river delta? How
is it different?
33. EVALUATE If you were growing crops on a field
near a slow-moving, curvy river, what would
an advantage of the field’s location be? What
might be a disadvantage?
602 Unit 4: Earth’s Surface
37. SYNTHESIZE Describe how the processes of
erosion and deposition are involved in the
formation of kettle lakes.
38. SYNTHESIZE Describe how snow falling onto
the Continental Divide in the Rocky Mountains
can be part of the process of erosion and
deposition. Include the words divide, glacier,
stream, and ocean in your answer.
39. PROVIDE EXAMPLES Choose three examples of
erosion processes—one each from Sections
17.2, 17.3, and 17.4. Explain how gravity is
involved in each of these processes.
Evaluate all the data, results, and information in
your project folder. Prepare to present your project.
Be ready to answer questions posed by your classmates about your results.
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For practice on your
state test, go to . . .
Standardized Test Practice
TEST PRACTICE
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Analyzing a Diagram
Use the diagram to answer the questions below.
E
F
H
I
West River
Green River
G
J
1. Where would a glacier be most likely to form?
a. E
c. G
b. F
d. H
2. Where is a divide?
a. E
b. F
c. H
d. I
3. Where is a delta?
a. E
b. F
c. G
d. J
5. Which word best describes the building up of
sediment at point G?
a. weathering
c. deposition
b. erosion
d. drifting
6. Why might the water in the Green River move
faster at point H than at point I?
a. The river at point H is warmer.
b. The river at point H is smaller.
c. The slope at point H is steeper.
d. More rain falls at point H.
4. Which process could move sediment from point E
to point G?
a. weathering
c. deposition
b. erosion
d. drifting
Extended Response
Answer the two questions below in detail. Include
some of the terms shown in the word box. In your
answers, underline each term you use.
7. Each year, Clark and his family visit the ocean.
Clark notices that a sandbar near the coast is
slightly larger each year. Predict what will happen
if this trend continues.
ocean waves
grass
currents
glaciers
barrier island
kettle lakes
8. Annika often goes fishing at one of several small,
round lakes that are within 20 miles of her house
in Minnesota. How might these lakes have formed?
Chapter 17: Erosion and Deposition 603
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604 Unit 4: Earth’s Surface