CHAPTER
Chapter Review
10
10-1 Probability
Use the table to find the probability of each event.
Outcome
Probability
A
B
C
D
0.6
0.05
0.25
0.1
1. C occurring
2. B, C, or D occurring
3. There are 4 students in a race. Horace has a 40% chance of winning. Paul,
Lance, and Jameson all have the same chance of winning. Create a table
of probabilities for the sample space.
10-2 Experimental Probability
An experiment consists of spinning a spinner with the colors red, green,
blue, and yellow. The experiment is repeated 200 times with the following
results.
Outcome
red
green
blue
yellow
Spins
59
22
106
13
4. Estimate the probability of each outcome. Create a table of probability for
the sample space.
5. Find P(blue or green).
6. Find P(not yellow).
7. Find P(red, blue, or yellow).
8. Find P(not red).
10-3 Theoretical Probability
An experiment consists of rolling two fair number cubes. Find the
probability of each event.
9. P(product shown ⫽ 12)
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10. P(two prime numbers)
239
Holt McDougal Mathematics
CHAPTER 10 REVIEW CONTINUED
10-4 Independent and Dependent Events
11. An experiment consists of tossing three fair coins, two quarters and a dime.
Determine whether the outcome of the events is dependent or
independent. Find the probability of heads on both quarters and tails on the
dime.
12. A jar contains 10 blue marbles and 6 purple marbles. If three marbles are
chosen at random, what is the probability that the first two will be purple
and the next will be blue?
10-5 Making Decisions and Predictions
13. A spinner is divided into fourths with two sections reading “1;” one section
reading “2;” and the last section reading “Go Back 1.” Players use the
spinner for a game. Suppose the spinner is spun 75 times. Predict how
many times it will land on “Go Back 1.”
14. A bag is filled with 9 green marbles, 5 yellow marbles, and 4 orange
marbles. Player A wins if a green marble is drawn from the bag. Player B
wins if a green marble is not drawn from the bag. Determine whether the
game is fair.
10-6 The Fundamental Counting Principle
License plate combinations in Ohio contain 3 letters followed by
4 digits. All numbers are equally likely.
15. Find the number of possible license plate combinations in Ohio.
16. Find the probability of being assigned the license plate combination
BEC 1312.
10-7 Permutations and Combinations
Evaluate each expression.
17. 5!
Copyright © by Holt McDougal.
All rights reserved.
7!
8!
18. ᎏ4ᎏ!
ᎏ
19. ᎏ
(4 ⫺ 2)!
240
Holt McDougal Mathematics
CHAPTER
Big Ideas
10
Answer these questions to summarize the important concepts from
Chapter 10 in your own words.
1. A marble is randomly drawn out of a bag and then replaced. There were
40 red marbles drawn, 65 green marbles drawn, 85 blue marbles drawn,
and 10 yellow marbles drawn from the bag. Explain how to find the
probability of randomly drawing a blue marble from the bag.
2. An experiment consists of rolling a fair number cube. Explain how to find
the probability of rolling an odd number.
3. An experiment consists of tossing three coins. Explain how to find the
probability of each coin landing on heads.
4. Explain the difference between a permutation and a combination.
For more review of Chapter 10:
• Complete the Chapter 10 Study Guide and Review on pages 578–580 of
your textbook.
• Complete the Ready to Go On quizzes on pages 556 and 574 of your
textbook.
Copyright © by Holt McDougal.
All rights reserved.
241
Holt McDougal Mathematics
CHAPTER
Chapter Review
10
10-1 Probability
Use the table to find the probability of each event.
Outcome
Probability
A
B
C
D
0.6
0.05
0.25
0.1
0.25
1. C occurring
0.4
2. B, C, or D occurring
3. There are 4 students in a race. Horace has a 40% chance of winning. Paul,
Lance, and Jameson all have the same chance of winning. Create a table
of probabilities for the sample space.
Outcome
Probability
Horace
Paul
Lance
Jameson
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
10-2 Experimental Probability
An experiment consists of spinning a spinner with the colors red, green,
blue, and yellow. The experiment is repeated 200 times with the following
results.
Outcome
red
green
blue
yellow
Spins
59
22
106
13
4. Estimate the probability of each outcome. Create a table of probability for
the sample space.
Outcome
Probability
5. Find P(blue or green).
red
green
blue
yellow
0.295
0.11
0.53
0.065
0.64
7. Find P(red, blue, or yellow).
0.935
6. Find P(not yellow).
0.89
8. Find P(not red).
0.705
10-3 Theoretical Probability
An experiment consists of rolling two fair number cubes. Find the
probability of each event.
9. P(product shown ⫽ 12)
Copyright © by Holt McDougal.
All rights reserved.
1
ᎏᎏ
9
10. P(two prime numbers)
239
1
ᎏᎏ
4
Holt McDougal Mathematics
CHAPTER 10 REVIEW CONTINUED
10-4 Independent and Dependent Events
11. An experiment consists of tossing three fair coins, two quarters and a dime.
Determine whether the outcome of the events is dependent or
independent. Find the probability of heads on both quarters and tails on the
dime.
independent; 0.125
12. A jar contains 10 blue marbles and 6 purple marbles. If three marbles are
chosen at random, what is the probability that the first two will be purple
5
and the next will be blue?
ᎏᎏ
56
10-5 Making Decisions and Predictions
13. A spinner is divided into fourths with two sections reading “1;” one section
reading “2;” and the last section reading “Go Back 1.” Players use the
spinner for a game. Suppose the spinner is spun 75 times. Predict how
many times it will land on “Go Back 1.”
about 19
14. A bag is filled with 9 green marbles, 5 yellow marbles, and 4 orange
marbles. Player A wins if a green marble is drawn from the bag. Player B
wins if a green marble is not drawn from the bag. Determine whether the
1
1
game is fair.
fair: ᎏᎏ ⫽ ᎏᎏ
2
2
10-6 The Fundamental Counting Principle
License plate combinations in Ohio contain 3 letters followed by
4 digits. All numbers are equally likely.
15. Find the number of possible license plate combinations in Ohio.
175,760,000
16. Find the probability of being assigned the license plate combination
BEC 1312.
艐0.00000000569
10-7 Permutations and Combinations
Evaluate each expression.
17. 5!
120
Copyright © by Holt McDougal.
All rights reserved.
8!
18. ᎏ4ᎏ!
7!
1680
ᎏ
19. ᎏ
(4 ⫺ 2)!
240
2520
Holt McDougal Mathematics
CHAPTER
Big Ideas
10
Answer these questions to summarize the important concepts from
Chapter 10 in your own words.
1. A marble is randomly drawn out of a bag and then replaced. There were
40 red marbles drawn, 65 green marbles drawn, 85 blue marbles drawn,
and 10 yellow marbles drawn from the bag. Explain how to find the
probability of randomly drawing a blue marble from the bag.
85
number of blue marbles drawn
ᎏ ⴝ 0.425. The
Probability 艐 ᎏᎏᎏᎏ
ⴝᎏ
200
total number of draws
probability of drawing a blue marble is about 0.425 or 42.5%.
2. An experiment consists of rolling a fair number cube. Explain how to find
the probability of rolling an odd number.
There are 3 possible odd numbers: 1, 3, and 5. P(odd number) ⴝ
3
1
number of possible odd numbers
ᎏᎏᎏᎏᎏ ⴝ ᎏᎏ ⴝ ᎏᎏ. The probability of rolling an
6
6
2
1
odd number is ᎏ2ᎏ.
3. An experiment consists of tossing three coins. Explain how to find the
probability of each coin landing on heads.
The result of each toss does not affect the result of the other
tosses, so the coin toss results are independent. For each toss,
1
1 1 1
1
P(H) ⴝ ᎏ2ᎏ . P(H, H, H) ⴝ ᎏ2ᎏ ⴢ ᎏ2ᎏ ⴢ ᎏ2ᎏ ⴝ ᎏ8ᎏ ⴝ 0.125. The probability of each
1
coin landing on heads is ᎏ8ᎏ or 0.125.
4. Explain the difference between a permutation and a combination.
A permutation is an arrangement of things in a certain order. A
combination is a selection of things in any order.
For more review of Chapter 10:
• Complete the Chapter 10 Study Guide and Review on pages 578–580 of
your textbook.
• Complete the Ready to Go On quizzes on pages 556 and 574 of your
textbook.
Copyright © by Holt McDougal.
All rights reserved.
241
Holt McDougal Mathematics