Chapter 19 Section 5
Joseph Stalin
 1922 – made General secretary of
Communist Party
 Lenin didn’t trust him
 Stalin slowly gains control of
Communist Party
Stalin and Trotsky
 Lenin – multiple strokes, dies in 1924.
 Struggle for power  two possible leaders:
 Leon Trotsky – friend of Lenin (lived in
exile with him before Revolution).
 Joseph Stalin – exiled to
Siberia/imprisoned for anti-czar activities
(before Revolution).
STALIN WINS
 Stalin succeeds Lenin in 1929
(“great wise father”)
 Encourages “cult of personality”
 as an all-powerful, all-knowing
leader, and Stalin's name and
image became omnipresent
(heard all over/popular).
5 Year Plans
 Purpose – rapid industrialization
 10 years – catch up with Great Britain
and U.S.
 Ambitious quotas meet (steel, coal, oil,
& other goods).
 All economic activity – under state
control.
st
1
Five Year Plan
 Drastic!!
 Requirement – increase production
by 250% by 1933
 Direct all production to industrial
goods, not consumer.

Leads to:
 Shortages, delays, poor service

Leads to quantity not quality.
Worker Issues
Little pay, no food, long hours
Dangerous conditions,
overcrowded housing
Shipped off to factories in any part
of USSR
Raise Worker Morale
 Socialist competition
 Victory celebrations
 Make sacrifices for our beautiful new
world
 Socialist “realism” in literature and art
 Censored – pro-
communism/socialism
Collectivization of Agriculture
Stalin needs more food to export to
pay for industrialization.
His own people rebel & starve
Combine many small farms into
LARGE collective farms – use better
techniques and machinery.
Collectivization of Agriculture
(cont.)
 Kulaks (prosperous farmers) were
angry & targeted by Stalin
 Sent to gulags – forced labor camps
(millions killed)
 Many killed livestock & burned land
 Severe famine 1932-33
 Once accomplished – gave peasants
small pieces of land.
Political Terror
 Many were critical oh his plans (wife
included)
 Many favored Sergei Kirov to replace
Stalin
 1935-1939 – Great Purge – Stalin
paranoid
 Millions executed including Kirov and
Trotsky (Mexico)
 Used terror, intimidation, executions.
Political Terror (cont.)
Secret police who had quotas to fill
Interrogations/”confessions”
Totalitarian state
No free expression of any kind
under Stalin.
TEST TUESDAY