Brigham Young University
BYU ScholarsArchive
All Theses and Dissertations
1992
Family Life Education in The Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-Day Saints in the 20th Century: A
Historical Review
Ray W. Stringham
Brigham Young University - Provo
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Part of the Cultural History Commons, Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research
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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
Stringham, Ray W., "Family Life Education in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in the 20th Century: A Historical
Review" (1992). All Theses and Dissertations. Paper 5149.
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family life
education in
jesus
of
church
christ of
the
latter day saints in the 20th century
A
historical review
A
thesis
presented to the
department of family sciences
brigham young university
in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
master of science
by
ray
W stringham
december 1992
this thesis
by
ray
W stringham is accepted in its present form
by the department of family sciences of brigham young university as
satisfying the thesis requirements for the degree of master of science
ya y0
01 son
terrance D oison
olson
committee chairman
ivan F beutler
committee member
date
01 son
terrance D olson
oison
department chairman
y1
ya
table of contents
page
acceptance page
ii
table of contents
lil
lii
iii
ments
acknowledgements
Acknowledge
v
list of tables
vi
list of figures
vii
chapter one
introduction
1I
statement of purpose
2
LDS church publications reviewed for this study
3
preparation of LDS church manuals
13
chapter two
methods and procedures
16
criteria for selecting publications
16
process of topic selection
17
chapter three
results
19
review of decade results
25
gender comparison of frequencies of occurrence
29
report on individual topics
33
other significant topics
45
iii
chapter four
summary and conclusions
47
conclusions
52
references
.55
55
55
appendix A
59
appendix B
11
61
appendix C
63
appendix D
105
appendix E
109
appendix F
114
iv
IV
Acknowledge ments
acknowledgments
to
my dear wife who has cared for the home
seeking this degree in family sciences
and
appreciation
1I
front and stood by me while
give my deepest gratitude love and
to her and all my children alisha david jared marissa jamil
jacob and kristen who have become so precious in our family circle 1I also give my
love and gratitude for their patience and support over these years
to terry
olson
1I
thank for the great experience of learning and timely
unwavering aid over many years
through him and others
1I
1I
am so grateful for the knowledge 1I have gained
met at brigham young university
1I
am grateful for the
teachings to live honestly in relationships and to live to seek for truth as it really is
and also thanks to ivan beutler for his aid on the committee work of this thesis
deep
appreciation is also given to
roger petersen and the curriculum department of
the church of the jesus christ of latter day saints
roger was an invaluable source
of aid in this thesis
A special thanks is given to blake wahlen a brother in law who gave such
timely aid and help in bringing this document to press
also thank steve smith my
1I
supervisor with the LDS church education system for his assistance and support
and finally
1I
express deep gratitude and thanks to the untold many who have helped
in so many ways to aid in the completion of this project family friends work
colleagues and associates
v
LIST OF TABLES
rage
rige
tables
1
2
3
4
5
6
century summary family life education topics percent frequencies
of occurrence by decade 1900 to 1989
20
century summary of frequencies of occurrence of family life
education topics in five major publications of the
LDS church
23
year
1989 of the frequencies of
19601989
thirty
time block 1960
occurrence of family life education in five publications
of the LDS church
25
summary
of FLE frequencies of occurrence in five
decade
major LDS publications
26
gender comparison of the frequencies of occurrence of 78
family life education topics taught in five major types
of publications in the LDS church
30
forty highest ranked topics in the century
each topic ranked by decade
36
vi
VI
LIST OF FIGURES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
century graph of total family life education frequencies of
occurrence per decade
21
frequencies of occurrence of all family life topics during
year
triads thirty
time blocks
three treads
22
percentages of frequencies of occurrence of family life education
year
1959 for five major
topics for sixty
19001959
time block 1900
LDS publications
24
percentages of frequencies of occurrence of family life education
year
1989 for five major
19601989
topics for thirty
time block 1960
LDS publications
24
FLE topics frequencies of occurrence by decade in the five LDS
publications
27
27.27
century comparison of frequencies of occurrence
of family life education topics presented to men and
women from the four publications which are available to
each gender
31
comparison of frequencies of occurrence in the relief society and
year
priesthood
1989
melchizedek
19601989
manuals thirty
block 1960
time block1960
31
summary graphs and tables of the frequencies of occurrence for
faith and religion
37
4
9
10
11
12
4
4
4
frequencies of occurrences for the topic love of spouse family
by decade in family home evening manuals FHEM relief society
manuals RSM melchizedek priesthood publications MPM
conference reports CR and family relations manuals FRM
the topic chastity fidelity
39
frequencies of occurrence
by decade
40
frequencies of occurrences for the topic fatherhood role of
by decade in family home evening manuals FHEM relief society
manuals RSM melchizedek priesthood publications MPM
conference reports CR and family relations manuals FRM
43
the topic togetherness
frequencies of occurrence
by decade
44
vil
vii
CHAPTER ONE
introduction
the
church of jesus christ of latter day saints hereafter called the church or
LDS church has been publishing educational materials since before the beginning of
the twentieth century these publications have consistently included a wide array of
1
1899
1951
reports
life
education
topics
family
conference
deboer 195
department 1906
sic
parents
1915
1977
society
reliefsociety
magazine
turnbow
tumbow
relief
A
historical review of family life education topics from the church publications is not
known to exist
only studies that could serve as possible examples from family life
education or other topical church historical reviews could be found in the literature
bahr 1992 deboer
1951 israelsen 1991
sherry 1988
during the years of this century from 1900 to 1990 the LDS church has
published a variety of educational materials
two types of published materials have
been particularly important in teaching adult members of the church
one type has
been educational manuals targeted for use by various members ranging from the
relief society manuals for adult women
adult men
to the melchizedek priesthood manuals for
A second and perhaps the most important educational source has been
messages of encouragement instruction and direction from the published proceedings
annual conference called conference
semiannual
of the churchs
churche general membership semi
reports this thesis provides a review of these church published materials from a
family life education perspective
the combined
number of church published texts and lesson materials which
have been reviewed for this thesis is extensive
attempt at such a review
the
in addition this thesis is a pioneering
study is limited to family life education topics hence
2
broader concerns such as textual content have not been addressed
life education FLE
the term family
is defined as curriculum to enhance individual and family
temporal well being thomas & arcus 1992
the word
topic for the purpose of
this thesis is defined as the subject or theme of a discourse or one of its parts stein
1982 p 1385
for others
some examples of FLE topics are
love
responsibilities of parents
selected topics were not used in this study
marriage instructions
and money management
pre-
rather the list of topics used was
generated by the researcher as church publications were reviewed
subjects over 200 were identified
respect
for the purpose of reporting
many FLE
78 topics were
formed by grouping together the more than 200 FLE subjects identified in the century
of publications 1900 to 1990
topics are reported here
in terms of frequency or
the number of times these 78 topics appeared in the printed publications
materials reviewed have been confined to five principle sources published over
time by the LDS church namely the family relationship manuals
family home
evening manuals relief society magazines and manuals melchizedek priesthood
manuals conference reports
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
the purpose of this thesis is to complete a review
by topic of selected
1990
19001990
educational literature published by the LDS church during this century 1900
the
review will include evaluation of the frequency with which family life education
topics appeared for
1
each decade during the century
2 the five publication
sources during the century and during each decade of the century
3
topics directed
to adult men compared to those directed to adult women over the century and 4
ranked topic occurrences over each decade and over the century
3
LDS CHURCH
the
publications REVIEWED FOR THIS STUDY
first task in this research was to identify the principal LDS education
publications for adult members five publications were identified and used for this
study
1
these course manuals are texts for
family relations manuals FRM
sunday school instruction class instruction manuals using a variety of FLE topics
were delivered to parents with the intent of teaching them their parental responsibility
wife relationships
in more recent manuals attention has been given to husband
husbandwife
family relations classes were first used by the church in 1904 these classes
for teaching parents were initially held in the weber stake deseret sunday school
union DSSU in 1904 and the use of this class spread quickly to other stakes in the
area a stake is a geographical grouping of 5 to 10 local congregations called wards
600 people
each ward is composed of approximately 200
200600
no uniform
instructions or manuals were being used in the various stakes
set of
to meet this need for a
unified parenting class curriculum the leaders of the church established a parents
department of the DSSU in april 1906 the first FRM was written with the clear
intent to establish a forum for teaching parenting that was uniform in character and
purpose
parents department 1906
sic
p
classes were taught in wards
1
local congregations throughout the united states and canada
lessons for twelve
sessions contained a brief weekly outline showing the specific topics to be discussed
this first manual
included four topic areas titled environment habit home and
parents
gov
govemment
home government
emment
department 1906
sic
A new manual was written for these parenting classes called parent and
1908 by a committee of writers
this
child
manual contained a series of essays by
professional educators and church leaders
this
manual also encouraged class
participants to write their own essays and present them to the class if they did not use
4
parent
parent
amt
1908
ami child
and
and child 1909 vol 2
the printed essays
both
the 1906 and 1908 manuals were available until 1916
A third volume was prepared by mosiah
III
vol 111
ill
lii
ili hall 1916
parent
title
the
under
and child
hall
hall also prepared a fourth manual in 1925 entitled talks to
parents on home and life problems hall 1925
these lessons were designed to be
given once a month continuing throughout the year
for 25 years
halls manuals continued in use
no other new family relations manuals were produced during
this
period LDS church historical archives
parents
1950
DSSU
the
in
department name was changed to the family
smith & hill 1950
relations department
during this period of change in the
department there was also a change in the emphasis in the content of the manuals
edith bowen was commissioned to write a manual about children which was entitled
parent and child in the latter day saint home bowen 1949
the new
manual
contained sections in child development teaching morals and religion to children and
teaching parental responsibilities to adults bowen 1949
the family relations
department also commissioned asahel D woodruff to write a manual about
1
parent
youth
and
woodruff 1951
adolescents this manual was entitled
195
the
concentration was on youth needs and preparing them to become responsible adults
these two publications were used regularly until
1966
the woodruff manual
was
used once again in 1971
the gospel doctrine manual
for sunday school a regular theological manual
for teaching adults was also used as a family relations manual in 1963
was entitled gospel living in the home 1962
the direction of david
0
this course was placed
president
from 1952 to 1971
church
mckay
this
manual
in use under
he had
long
been an important family life advocate in the united states known for his forceful
statement no other success can compensate for failure in the home
to
reports 1964 p
5
conference
indeed the shift to include FLE topics for adults in a sunday
5
school course which usually taught gospel topics is not surprising since teaching
family life principals was consistent with the thrust of president
mckays own
teachings
in 1967 a new generation of family relations manuals were introduced
here
the emphasis shifted from the meetinghouse to the home these manuals were
produced to show parents how to teach FLE and religious topics to their children at
home
fathers and mothers were to teach their children once each week in a family
home evening
the
first manual in 1967 was entitled family relations class
family
supplementor
home evening manual
supplementer
Supplement
teachers Supple
mentor
for
1967
the lessons
contained case studies and examples of how parents could better teach their children
written in this manual were specific suggestions on teaching methodology including
skills and techniques
four editions of these manuals were used between the years of
1967 and 1971
A marriage relations manual written in 1975 was an outgrowth
of these
supplemental manuals though the title family relations would lead one to believe
the topics covered were quite general this manual concentrated almost exclusively on
marriage
coupie
couple relations family relations 1975
marriagecouple
marnagecouple
the latest manual
entitled teach them correct principles a study in family
relations was published in 1987 this manual adopted a new strategy for teaching
FLE
the professional and volunteer writers of this
manual felt a need to emphasize
family issues they also felt that the lesson format should lead to practical
petersen
1992
function
families
should
on
how
discussions
this
manual
concentrated on husbandwifechild relationships and was all done in a conceptual
context that attempted to stretch the class participants vision beyond the sphere of
specific how tos of parent child engineering
its main thesis was that family life on
earth could become loving caring and a reflection of an ideal or heavenly home
this depended
not so much on the skillfulness of the parents although skills are
6
important
some
but on the quality of spiritual life those parents are living
criticized the manual for its lack of concentration on communication skills and
problem solving techniques
however based on responses received by the
curriculum department of the church the manual received a positive review by nine
petersen
1992
out of ten responding church leaders teachers and class participants
A historical listing of these documents is included in appendix F
2 family home evening manuals FHEM
one of the best known programs in the church
family home evening FHE is
these evenings have become
traditional family occasions throughout the church worldwide
ministers from many
other churches regularly contact LDS church officials and the church curriculum
department for more information on this program and its evident successes lynn
1992
non LDS family scholars consider the family home evening program to be a
form of marital and family enrichment or family life education
however the setting
is in the home with parents direction rather than in public settings with professional
direction
labate
1978
otto 1976 sawin
1981
turnbow 1977
tumbow
the first family home evenings constituted as a formal program
began in 1909
granite
in
salt lake city called a special meeting for
stake
the
introduction of the weekly home evening program
1915 the movement was adopted church wide
1977
in the church
turnbow 1977 p
tumbow
ludlow 1992 vol
2
3
in
turnbow
tumbow
president
1918 said that the
F
19011918
smith
of the church from 1901
joseph
family home evening would be a
benefit to the parents to know that at least one evening
in each week they are in close touch with one another
face to face heart to heart and uniting in sympathy and
in that pure love that should always characterize the family
34
life and association smith & anderson 1915 ap
pp 733
73334
7
at
first no manuals were provided for the granite stake FHE program
one is
listed as being printed in 1915 but it was not located in the LDS church historical
archives church leaders gave the members instructions over the pulpit on how to
proceed in this venture
each meeting
instrument
the parents were counseled
to
a pray at the beginning of
b sing a traditional hymn or have a family member play a musical
c read from the scriptures and d discuss family topics
there was
also to be special instruction on the principles of the gospel and other principles of
integrity as well as on family duties parents were counseled to teach children their
specific obligations to their parents and responsibilities for the home for the church
and for the nation
smith & anderson 1915 p 733
the FHE program dwindled
somewhat through the twenties the depression
years of the thirties and the war years of the forties but was given a new beginning
and emphasis in 1965 ludlow 1992 vol 2 tumbow 1977
1960s the first manuals were developed
in the church with that growth the
it was during the
wide growth
worldwide
this was also an era of world
churche programs expanded the family home
churchs
evening manuals were soon translated into many languages other than english since
these translations contain essentially word for word renditions of the english versions
no attempt will be made to discuss them here
for additional information contact the
LDS church historical library archives in salt
lake city utah
these family home evening manuals were updated and reprinted annually for
almost twenty years family
virtue the guardian of life
life education
comans role in
the womans
game
night
how about a family
home
FHEM 1975
why stay morally clean
FHEM 1973
the home
FHEM 1976
learning from our mistakes to
children are important people
make right choices
parents
night for
topics included such lesson titles as
FHEM 1966
honor
respect for law begins in the
8
in 1985 a new approach was adopted
home evening resource book 1983
the
the manual
familyY
was entitled a famil
with more lessons and more support materials
manual included broader resource material for gospel instruction and additional
ideas for family activities and was designed to be adapted for use by single adults
couples single parent families and families with children of all ages
p 496
it
was intended that the manual continue in use for at least a decade ludlow 1992
vol 2
the
lessons in the family home evening resource book were outlined and
organized to help parents with little or no formal training become effective teachers
within their own homes
home evening was always encouraged to be a training
often different members of the family are given opportunities to develop
setting
cowley & adams 1976
leadership skills through rotation of who is in charge
both children and adolescents are encouraged to take responsibility for portions of the
evenings agenda including preparing and giving lessons from the manual on their
own
A variety of family activities are encouraged
family games singing family
councils planning sessions and family prayer are integrated into the fabric of the
vol 2
1992vol
evening ludlow 1992
3
in
F
manuals
historical listing of
FHE
appendix
offhe
offee
RSM
Relic
manuals
and
magazines
society
relicsociety
reile
relief
official adult womens organization of the LDS church
the relief society
relief society
is the
is organized
to help women work together serve others and enjoy sisterhood association
it
provides a forum for teaching religion responsibilities of motherhood and how to
appreciate cultural opportunities relief society is essential to the activities of LDS
congregations and ward functions ludlow 1992 vol
3 p 1199
special relief society classes for women were introduced in 1902 these
classes featured a wide variety of curricula each stake relief society had its own
approach to teaching women by publishing materials they felt would best aid their
stake members ludlow 1992 vol
3
9
publishing
began
the
society
relief
the
relief society magazine
the regular
1914
Relic
was called the relief
reile society bulletin in 1914.
relicsociety
a section called the lesson department
usually contained four or five lessons
this
in 1915
it
monthly issues contained
section in the relief society magazine
some lessons were no more than brief
outlines others were much longer featuring stories special quotes and instructions
to the teacher on how to present the lessons
on
1
theological instructions
2 cultural insights and 3
FLE topics ludlow 1992 vol
week
second week
3
etc lesson
same lesson on the same date
each issue contained a monthly lesson
p 1202
homemaking and other
each lesson was designated as a first
thereby the whole church could be studying the
this methodology
was continued in the magazine
during the five and a half decades it was printed
Relic
since the lesson department section of the relief
reile society magazine was
relicsociety
only printed eight months per year arrangements had to be made for other lessons
during the summer months
the
women of the church held an annual june
conference in salt lake city messages from this conference were usually used for
summer lessons
Relic
society magazine lesson department included a great
materials in the relief
reile
relicsociety
many FLE topics
for
1
1941
example the monthly FLE lesson from 1920 to 194 came
under the heading social services
in the 1930s these lessons included entire social
science texts on child development adolescent growth and personality development
the
monthly lesson heading was changed to social sciences from 1942 to 1965
from
1966 until the magazine ceased publication in 1970 the monthly heading was
entitled social relations
throughout the history of the relief society magazine an additional monthly
lesson was offered on home management
from 1915 to 1919 these once a month
lessons were under the heading home economics
from 1927 to 1943 the heading
10
was work and business
from 1947 to 1966 it was work meeting
and from 1967
until 1971 it was simply headed homemaking
in 1970 the relief society magazine had 301000 subscribers it was then
incorporated into a church wide publication called the ensign ludlow 1992 vol
from
1971 on the actual lesson materials were written by volunteers working under
the direction of the curriculum department
the
3
the first publication of new
manuals for
courses
Relic
was
called
society
society
ae
reile
relicsociety
relief
the relief
of study 1971
the
lessons in this new manual series were divided into five categories
spiritual living b homemaking c mother education
a
d social family
relations and e cultural refinement four of these categories are still used in the
1990s the exception being the cultural refinement section which was eliminated in
the late 1980s there was also an effort to align the manuals with a pattern used in
the mens courses of study
currently the womens manual incorporate numerous
references from the four volumes of scripture used in the LDS church
the bible
great
mormon
pearl
price
covenants
the
and
and
book
doctrine
ne
the
the
of
of
each year the manual emphasizes one of the volumes of scripture
this is a pattern
previously incorporated into the mens melchizedek priesthood manuals
while the
womens manuals have incorporated this use of LDS scriptures they continue to
devote 40
to 50
of their manuals to FLE topics in the 1990s each woman was
usually given her own copy of the manual
4 melchizedek priesthood manuals MPM
worthy adult males are
ordained to this priesthood almost all worthy males over the age of 21 in the LDS
priesthood
the
melchizedek
receive
church
the first official
manuals for the
fiche records in
microfiche
melchizedek priesthood were issued in 1914 computer and micro
the LDS church main historical library in salt lake city utah show that
melchizedek priesthood manuals were published in all but 16 years from 1914 to the
1
war
I 191719191920
no
priesthood manuals were printed during world
present
11
1938
19331938
during a portion of the depression 1933
1946
II 1940
or during world war 11
19401946
27
55
were
studied
the
priesthood
by
during
period
above
bearers
manuals
the
of
written by individual authors and 28 were written by committees
the priesthood is believed to be essential if a man
his family responsibilities
the melchizedek priesthood
in the
church is to carry out
every faithful worthy man in the church may receive
says ludlow 1992 vol 2 p 882
since every
worthy adult male was expected to minister for the faith the manuals became an
essential guide for them to follow
LDS leaders throughout the churchs
churche history have instructed the men of the
church to care for provide for and love their wives and children the mens lessons
have been particularly strong in teaching of faith and religion these topics were
designed to also strengthen men in their roles as fathers
relatively few melchizedek priesthood lessons had traditional FLE titles until
the 1960s in 1965 however almost every lesson offered for the melchizedek
priesthood had an FLE title
about 25
to 35
after 1972 all melchizedek priesthood manuals had
of their topics on FLE concerning these 1970 manuals cowley
and adams 1976 stated that to aid fathers priesthood lessons were presented each
sunday morning to the male membership of the church these lessons include the
importance of family life and the fathers responsibility to guide and direct his own
family unit
p 79
each man was usually given his own copy of the manual
following is an example of lesson titles from a recent priesthood manual
your
growth
and
encouraging
development
wifes
cifes
becoming one with our wives
christ
building family unity
agency and accountability help Us come unto
this lesson teaches the father to train his children how to make correct
choices
spiritually
prevention
one
the
of abuse
another
love
growing together
teaching children about motherhood and fatherhood
my word 1989
seek to obtain
12
5
1990
reports
1900
CR
19001990
conference
twice a year leaders and members
of the church assemble in salt lake city utah for a general conference members
meetings last for several days ludlow 1992 vol 3
come from all over the world
annual gatherings is for the members to receive counsel
semiannual
the purpose of these semi
and direction from the highest church leaders called general authorities
topics
covered are mostly doctrinal but often they include FLE subjects
the messages of these conferences
have been published since the first
conferences in the early 1800s in the 20th century this publication came to be called
conference reports ludlow 1992 vol
1
p 305
the conference reports are an
official record of the churchs
churche teachings and business conducted during the semiannual meetings
prior to 1942 the conference reports were published and distributed to each
ward and stake
leaders of these local entities were then charged with passing the
contents of the meetings on to the members of their units in 1942 these reports were
made available to the general church membership in the improvement
magazine published by the church
the
era
a monthly
name of this magazine was changed in 1971
green
1971
to the ensign
As technology improved in the 20th century the conferences were broadcast on
radio and then television
satellite and cable transmission dramatically improved the
churche ability for broadcasting by the
churchs
1980s conference messages were reaching
almost around the globe in 1992 the churchs
churche satellite down link system carried
conference messages into 2600 individual locations simultaneous with this
expansive electronic delivery system the church continues to publish conference
reports ludlow 1992 vol
related
1
A substantial portion
of these instructions are FLE
typical conference addresses contain principles of FLE such as the nature
value and importance of family life the roles of fathers and mothers the roles and
13
responsibilities of children family strengths and moral and religious values in family
relationships such family topics have received and continue to receive a great deal
of attention from church leaders
preparation OF LDS CHURCH MANUALS
the
preliminary work for this thesis included a series of conversations with
several directors in the churchs
churche curriculum department these conversations
included background information on their knowledge of past manuals printed and how
these manuals were written
current writing of curriculum offerings involve the work of many people
to
produce a manual church leaders responsible for curricula call together unpaid
volunteers some volunteers having expertise in the area to be written on and others
who may not have a specialty in the area of the new manuals content but have a
specialty needed on the committee these volunteers receive specific writing
assignments from the professional church administrators
at weekly
meetings these
professionals and the unpaid volunteers critique the writings prepared for that week
A correction cycle of writing during each week and then corrections at the weekly
meeting is then implemented until all agree on the content of a given lesson or
assignment
following this process the work is turned over to professional editors
finally a correlation and review committee especially assigned by the first
presidency and quorum of the twelve apostles of the church carefully reviews the
document these reviews are exacting when the product passes these reviewers it is
ready for production
the church
has its own printing presses and usually does all of
its own printing
at present
manuals are translated into as many as 166 languages and
world wide careful attention is given to ensure that the manuals are
distributed worldwide
14
generic in customs and cultural differences so that they can be used in any language
or culture
the process has not always been
at the turn of the century
so refined
most
church publications were the work of just one author those books were only
no
adopted for church wide use after they had been in print for some time
correlation was done to ensure that topics and materials adhered to a set standard
church auxiliaries which are priesthood directed organizations for women
youth and children do not write their own manuals
they have done
so in the past
but since the early 1960s all publication work is completed through the curriculum
department of the church as described above A formal history of manuals and their
production has not been kept by the auxiliaries or the curriculum department and
details of manuals produced and the topics taught in the past are sketchy
the reason
much of the history of earlier manuals has been lost is through turnover of auxiliary
officials and department chairmen
for example
when current officials from the
LDS sunday school were contacted they knew little about past publications for no
history had been kept and their experience was limited to present tasks and policies
the
same was true of the relief society and priesthood officers petersen & lynn
1992
the LDS church historical library
most all of the FLE related publications
copy and on microfilm
located in salt
these publications are held both
hard copies are also retained at the harold
brigham young university nevertheless neither
harold
B
lake city has retained
B
in hard
lee library
the church historical library
nor
a
has
written historical background of this material nor a
library
lee
topical review of the FLE literature
this
study constitutes a first attempt to develop
a base for understanding how the LDS church has instructed its people relative to
FLE topics overtime
15
1 15
in summary family life education materials have been a feature of LDS
religious publications since before 1900
although the method of development has
evolved over time the manuals remain an important means of education and valuable
source of FLE curriculum
the four manuals
for adults
LDS sunday school family
melchizedek
Mechi zedek priesthood manuals
relations family home evening relief society mechizedek
and the conference reports are principle LDS church publications
these
publications constitute the texts reviewed in this study for family life education topics
16
CHAPTER TWO
METHODS AND
procedures
borg and gall 1983 made the following observations about historical research in
education
historical research involves the systematic search for documents and
other sources that contain facts relating to the historians questions
about the past by studying the past the educational historian hopes to
achieve better understanding of present institutions practices and
373
problems in society pp373
the historical
approach of this study will be a way to bring added knowledge
and understanding to which topics families have been taught through church FLE
literature and it will provide an illustrative example of how to chart the direction of
LDS church family life education across decades
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING
publications
to qualify as documents with content that would be included in this study the
following criteria were used
the education
materials had to
LDS church or one of its official organizations
a be published by the
b be delivered to or intended for an
audience which included adults men andor women
c contain family life education
materials and d be published at least somewhat regularly over a period of decades
in the twentieth century
As identified in the literature review the following publications meet the
necessary criteria for inclusion in this study
2
family home evening manuals FHEM
family relationship manuals FRM
1
3
relief society magazines and
17
4 melchizedek priesthood manuals MPM
manuals RSM
conference
5
reports CR
some published materials with possible FLE content are excluded from this
study
for example
manuals for adolescents and children and the monthly church
magazines were excluded because of their sheer volume and because the contents are
not delivered to parents in a lesson speech or other teaching format
PROCESS OF TOPIC SELECTION
no precise
set of topics was selected at the beginning of this study
topics were included as they appeared in the publications over time
rather
in this way the
topic itself and the frequency with which a topic appeared were constructed as the
study progressed
for the purposes of this
study the words frequency or
frequencies and the term frequencies of occurrence
times a topic is addressedwritten
addressed written on in the literature
FO means the number of
the author familiarized himself
with studies of FLE found in professional journals and reviewed carefully their
contents to have a basis upon which to recognize the FLE subjects taught within the
LDS church
kimm
kimn
kirn
kim
1988 mullis & mullis 1982 stinnett sanders
defrain
&
parkhurst 1982 thomas & arcus 1992
topics were included
in this study if they strengthen and enrich individual
being
and family temporal well
wellbeing
thomas & arcus 1992
using the example of
israelsen the topics with the 20 highest frequencies is reported in the results of
chapter three and includes a few other selected topics beyond the 20th ranked topic
for a more complete review of the research
findings see appendix C and D
the number of topics was kept as small and as succinct as possible
regarding data collection each document researched was listed on a separate form
entitled
topical survey LDS FLE publication
what publication it appeared in see appendix A
each topic was documented as to
the designation
LDS FLE on the
18
form was changed in the body of the thesis to family relations manuals FRM so as
in this thesis the designation LDS FLE means family
not to confuse the reader
education as taught in
the
life
church of jesus christ of latter
utter day saints other
information included was a title of the publication
c audience for whom the material was intended
b publisher and author
ie
couples parents
couplesparents
fathers men children
wives
siblings entire families
mothers women husbands
childrensiblings
husbandsfathersmen
wivesmotherswomen
etcetera
siblings
childrensiblings
it was decided after the forms were printed that the area of children
would not be used
content
the selected publications
were then searched for FLE topic
the author examined each publication
to decide if there were any FLE
related topics by looking at a titles of chapters lessons or addresses
b subtitles or
sub headings given within a particular lesson or article and c topical indexes in the
back of publications showing pages that deal with family life topics
each page that
listed a FLE topic was examined and the topic assigned to a category
some articles or lessons included two three or even more topics since the
researcher was looking for all possible FLE topics rather than pages of material or
single lesson frequency more than one topic was derived from indexes or lesson
content
the author was not looking
within the lesson material
for titles either but was looking for FLE topics
titles however were helpful
in the search since most
titles contain a description of the lessons topic topics with similar meanings were
placed together in a single category
outlined as previously explained
page numbers were listed and all sources
survey
form was filed in
topical
the
chronological order oldest to newest publication
after all documents were searched
the topics identified were listed alphabetically and the information was totaled by
decade
the information
was then placed on a computer spread sheet
the findings of this study are found in chapter three
the report of
19
CHAPTER THREE
RESULTS
following is a review by topic of LDS family life education FLE literature
during the twentieth century
the graphs
charts and tables contained herein offer
the empirical foundation from which an interpretive understanding could be
constructed
to construct this topical summary
the author studied almost 350
manuals and books and approximately 12500 lessons and addresses
the graphs
charts and tables produced are essential not only to organize the data into manageable
form but to show the total picture of LDS church family life education writings
across the century
in reporting the results an important distinction is made between the word
occurrence
and
frequencies
of
topic
frequencies of occurrence
FO
seventy eight topics have been cataloged
also called frequencies refers to the total number
of times a given topic appears in the survey there are over 6271 combined
frequencies of occurrence for these 78 topics
the
topics reported in this study will be italicized capitalized and placed in
quotation marks to allow the reader easy visual recognition
for example
the topic
mamage
marriage
damage instructions will be printed as marriage instructions
many of these 78 topics reflect ideas teachings or principles which were
grouped under a single heading
for example
the topic human development was
formed from the following principles human development child development
adolescent development and aging these terms all have similarities that convey a
particular idea in an area or topic of FLE literature
the topics were organized
way solely because of the sheer volume of material in this research
this
by this method
20
appendix
the many teachings found were reduced to a manageable number of topics
E gives the specific FLE subjects that were grouped together
of the 78
topics researched in the five major publications the total frequencies
of occurrence FO for the century was 6271
in the nine decades researched the
frequency of topics increased gradually over the first six decades from 221 to 433
there was a slight decrease during
then
the 1930s
in the 1960s a very significant increase in FLE topics occurred
frequencies of occurrence rose from 433 to over 1237 a 286
increase
the
part of this
increase was caused by the introduction of yearly family home evening manuals but
there was something more at work because the frequency of topics increased across
it appears that every church organization
the board in all five major publications
increased the teaching of family by incorporating topics in family life education
curriculum during the 1960s see
table
table and figure
1I
1
1I
century summary family life education topics frequencies of occurrence by
1989
19001989
decade 1900
decade
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
percentage
k
1909
1919
1929
1939
1949
1959
1969
1979
1989
frequency of
occurrence
36
53
5.3
53
55
5.5
55
53
5.3
53
62
6.2
62
gg
69
6.9
69
221
331
196
19.6
196
1237
1639
1353
36
3.6
263
26.3
263
213
21.3
213
339
331
387
433
note three family home evening manuals printed
in the 1980s as compared to 9
family life education in the 1980s
in the 1970s accounts for a difference of 326 FO
continued to rise in relief society and melchizedek priesthood publications
21
figure
I1
per
occurrence
acentury
of
frequencies
education
century graph of total
family
life
tom
tow
decade
18001
1800
1639
1
1600
1353
1400
1237
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0n
331
339
331
387
1910s
1920s
1930s
1940s
433
1950s
221
1900s
1960s
1970s
1980s
in the 1970s the frequency of occurrence reached the highest level for the
century at 1639
in the 1980s the frequency that the 78 topics were
kere recorded
lere
declined somewhat see table
1I
and figure
century with 1353 see also appendix
the sharp decade
1
but remained second highest for the
B
increases can be viewed more clearly by dividing the century
into treads
triads thirty year ume
time blocks
1989
1900 1929 19301959
1930 1959 and 1960
19601989
19001929
tnad see figure 2
sharp jump in the third anad
frequencies of FLE topics
from 1900 to 1929 there were
in the next triad there was almost a 23
note the
891
increase to 1151
1151
ad shoots up a full 350
triad
but the third tn
from 1900 to
1959 members could have received around 35 frequencies
occurrence of topics per year from the publications
of
duning any early decade the
during
frequency LDS family life education topics were in print were approximately 350 to
400
even
een in the early decades well over 1000 to 1500 FLE topics were printed
22
LDS
lios
llos church did have what could be considered
these figures indicate that the LIDS
a
significant FLE program even in the early decades of the century
tripled
in the third triad 1960 to 1989 the frequencies of occurrence tnpled
on
the
average FLE topics were addressed in print approximately 140 times per year on
limes per decade
these FLE topics and over 1400 times
these 78 FLE topics were
limes over the last thirty years
addressed over 4200 times
figure
2
frequencies of occurrence of all family life education topics during three triadis
triads
tnads
thirty year time blocks
4229
151
891
1900
tom FO for
tow
total
table
2
1929
1930
1959
1960
1989
the century of each type of publication researched are shown in
the publications with
the highest frequencies of occurrence were the
rence
occurrence
conference reports CR with 2012 tle
Tence was found in
the
ile second highest occur
the
relief society magazine and manuals
RSM with 1777
the other
three
FRNI had 899
publications contained the following the family relations manuals FRM
23
the family home evening manuals with 889 and the melchizedek priesthood
manuals contained 694 frequencies of occurrence see table 2
table
2
century summary of the frequencies of occurrence of family life education topics
in five major publications of the LDS church
century
century frequencies
of occurrence
family home evening manuals
relief society magazine and manuals
889
1777
694
2012
899
melchizedek priesthood manuals
conference reports
family relations manuals of the
LDS sunday school
total frequencies of occurrence for century
the
percentage
14
28
11
33
14
6271
first 60 years differ from the last 30 so they have been represented
separately in figures 3 and 4
from 1900 to 1959 there were mainly three of the
publications contributing to LDS family life education and only a very minor
the percentages for each of the publications
contributions from the MPM
first 60 years is as follows
4mpm
2 RSM 35
3
FRM 16
and
remember the family home evening manuals were not published
3
these percentages are represented
during this time period
figure
CR 46
1
during the
in the pie graph in
3
the
percentages of the five major publications becomes more evenly matched
during the last thirty years of the century this representation from 1960 to 1989 is
found in table
2 RS 26
3 and
figure
3 MP 15
4
the
percentages of
4 CR 27
5
FO in each were
FRM 14
1
FHE 17
note that conference
reports and the relief society manuals still record the highest number compare the
2 pie graphs in
figures
3 and 4
24
this
second graph also shows clearly that the LDS church has implemented a
balanced FLE program that is reaching out continuously 10
to
lo parents in the church in
five specific types of publication
also the frequency of occurrence are also
represented more evenly among the five publications as seen in table 3
figure
3
occurrence
percentages of frequencies of Occur
rence
Tence of family life education topics
year time block 1900
1959 for five major LDS publications
19001959
for sixty
MANUALS
FAMILY RELATIONS NLANUALS
RELIEF
SOCIETY
LDS S S
16
MAGAZINE
35
LDS
conference
3
REPORTS 46
melchizedek priesthood
NLANIJALS
MANUALS
figure 4
percentages of frequencies of occurrences of family life education topics
thirty year time block 1960- 1989 for five major LDS publications
FAMILY RELATIONS MANUALS
LDS SUNDAY SCHOOL 14
conference
LDS
REPORTS
for
FAMILY HOME EVENING
17
MANUALS
RELIEF SOCIETY
27
MANUALS
27
15
155
melchizedek priesthood
MANUALS
25
table
3
year
occurrence
1989
1960
the
19601989
of
block
frequencies
of
of family life
thirty
time
education topics in five publications of the LDS church
total frequencies
of occurrence
family home evening manuals
melchizedek priesthood manuals
conference reports
family relations manuals
695
1068
625
1075
572
occurrence
1960 to 1989
of
frequencies
total
4035
relief society magazine and manuals
century
percentage
17
27
15
27
14
REVIEW OF DECADE RESULTS
table
publications
4 and
the
figure
5
contain a review by decade of each of the five types of
numbers at the bottom of each column in table 4 represent the
number of FLE frequencies of occurrence during that decade
for example
in the
1970s we see the highest percentage of FLE in the century with 1639 frequencies of
occurrence being just over 26
of these data see also figure
5
of the cent
centurys
urys total of 6271 FO for another view
where each of the five major publications are depicted
separately
when the family home evening manuals FHEM began in the 1960s there
were 191 recorded frequencies
the
highest frequencies in these publications
occurred in the 1970s where 9 family home evening manuals were printed containing
a total of 501 FO
during the 1980s only three family home evening manuals were
printed with a total of 197 frequencies of recorded family life education topics the
1980s being lower by 308 FO as compared to the decade before see figure 5
the
drop in total decade frequencies of occurrences after the 1970s is mainly the result of
fewer family home evening manuals printed in the 1980s
26
table 4
decade summary of FLE frequencies of occurrences in five major LDS
publications
1900
to
1909
1910
to
1919
1920
to
1929
1930
to
1939
1940
to
1949
1950
to
1959
1960
to
1969
1970
1979
1980
to
1989
NA
180
4
NA
191
501
197
126
236
56
186
163
325
372
397
219
453
69
485
243
297
433
1237
1639
1353
FHEM
RSM
MPM
CR
FRM
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
107
119
177
18
20
12
140
123
111
81
83
179
21
31
148
55
TOTAL
221
331
339
331
387
15
to
131
1914
in
Relic
was a major contributor
first
published
society
magazine
reile
relicsociety
the relief
of FLE literature through 1969 with a total of 895 frequencies of occurrence of FLE
topics during that time period compare the five graphs in figure 5
also the relief
society courses of study implemented in 1970 contain an even higher frequency of
occurrence of FLE topics having been recorded with 882 FO in the last two
decades
the relief society manuals were the number one contributor of written
instruction in FLE in the 1980s
the research indicates that throughout the century
the relief society publications incorporated a wide variety of lessons on motherhood
child development womens roles home management and many other areas
specifically designed for women see appendix C
Q
from the same set of graphs we can see the few lessons for men in FLE as
they were not added to the melchizedek priesthood manuals MPM until the mid
1960s
the
MPM manual in figure 5 shows the sharp increase in the frequencies of
occurrence of FLE topics taught to men from 1960 on note the continuous increase
gos
through 80s
163 FO 219 FO and 243 FO respectively for the
27
figure 5
FLE topics frequencies of occurrences by decade in the five LDS publications
family home evening manuals
600
501
400
197
191
200
NA
01
0 1900s
600
NA
1910s
NA
NA
1920s 1930s
NA
1940s
NA
1950s
1970s
1960s
relief society magazines and manuals
1980s
485
397
400
200
0
300
19
119
107
NA
1900s
1910s
f
1920s
177
180
126
1I
1930s
1940s
1950s
NA
1900s
goo
600
600j
18
20
12
4
15
1910s
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
400
300
200
100
n0
1960s
S
c
e
reports
report
Con
ferenc
conference
ulllclcil rwpuii
1980s
219
243
1970s
1980s
4
453
ick
irk
irn
11
325
400
n0
1960s
1970s
163
105
100
200
1I
melchizedek priesthood manuals
200
0
186
86
140
1900s
123
1910s
179
1
1920s
236
111
148
1930s
1940s
1950s
833
1910s
1970s
1980s
131
21
1900s
1960s
372fc
family
Keiano ns manuals
i amny relations
81
297
1920s
311
1930s
55
566
1940s
1950s
69
1960s
1970s
1980s
28
the next graph
in
figure
5 the
conference reports shows that up until 1980
the speeches in general conference contained the highest frequency of FLE topics
except two decades
relief society manuals
relations manuals were higher
had more FO in the 1930s family
in the 1960s in FO
the conference reports
addresses rose dramatically in FLE topic frequencies recorded in the 1960s
this
graph also shows that conference reports had continuous instruction in FLE topics in
every decade
the leaders of the LDS church appear to have taken
a major leading
role in educating the members concerning family life
conference reports showed a decrease in frequencies of occurrence during the
1980s
at the same time FLE instruction became more dispersed among the other
publications perhaps because of the efforts of the correlation department to address
every audience with similar content
the writers of the other publications
seem to be addressing the family living
topics taught repeatedly by the general authorities
the leaders of the LDS church
seemed to have been instrumental in keeping key foundational family issues and
traditional family values a part of the topics addressed in LDS family life education
for example the topic family basis of all society
was carried almost exclusively
gos
by the conference reports from 1900 until the beginning of the
then the
writing committees for the other publications began to incorporate that topic
conference report had 38 of the 45 occurrences up to 1960 in the 1980s the
conference reports had only
19
of the 39 recorded frequencies
many other important FLE topics found in the LDS publications
the same is true of
in appendix C note
the frequency with which conference reports play a major role in the development of
many of the topics throughout the early decades of the century see appendix C
the
next graph in figure 5 shows by decade the frequencies of occurrence of
the family relations manuals FRM published for the LDS sunday schools family
relations class though there are fewer LDS sunday school family relations manuals
29
in print which explains the lower recorded frequencies of occurrence in this area
all program of LDS family life education
these publications have added to the over
overall
the reason
for the high frequencies of occurrence in the 1960s 372 FO
was that
parents in the family relations class would study and discuss the family home
evening manuals weekly in their sunday school class and then prepare and teach that
topic for their family in their home each week family relations class
68
supplement for family home evening manual 1967
196768
teachers
the major purpose of these
manuals was to instruct parents in how to present FLE topics to their children at
home
this was done for four years
GENDER
from 1967 through 1971
comparison OF FF
EQUENCIES
frequencies OF occurrence
both men and women received instructions in four types of publications
the
major vehicles for teaching men were the melchizedek priesthood manuals MPM
which in the earlier decades included individual books published by noted authorities
women were taught primarily in relief society which included in early decades the
courses
the
called
manuals
and
later
society
magazine
society
of
study
relief
relief
developed by the curriculum department RSM
both genders had available to them
the other three publications reported in this study family home evening manuals
conference reports and family relations manuals the century comparison for men
and women reflects the total frequencies of occurrence from the four publications
available to each gender see table
5
to understand the comparison between the frequency of topics addressed to
men and women look first at
table 5 and figure
6 depicting century frequencies for
each gender these charts show the century at a glance
note that women received
more published instructions than men in every decade except the 1900s
this is partly
because of the relief Socie
societys
tys emphasis on FLE topics in all publications since 1914
the
melchizedek priesthood manuals did not emphasize FLE topics until 1964
30
the
78 topics in this study appeared
5577 times
in publications that were
available to women while the frequencies of topics that were published for men
numbered 4497
the difference between
men and women was over one thousand
fewer frequencies for the men see table 5
but considering that the men had
available almost 4500 FO of family life education topics during the century the total
frequency of occurrence of FLE topics written in publications available to men is very
significant and the womens manuals reflect an even greater preponderance of LDS
family life education topics written in their manuals
table 5
gender comparison of the frequencies of occurrence of 78 family life education
publications
in the LDS church
types
or
major
FLE topics taught in five ma
of
i
men
women
OOs
ios
los
20s
30s
40s
221
221
224
313
220
319
154
207
383
319
50s
gos
70s
80s
307
418
1051
1242
1420
868
1110
1074
century
4494
5577
1
from
instruction
receive
alike
publications
three
both genders
family home
evening manuals 2 LDS sunday school family relations manual 3 conference
1
reports
men also receive family life education topics from the melchizedek priesthood
manuals
3 women receive family life education topics from relief society publications
4 all four publications for each gender are included in the total frequencies of
occurrence listed above for each gender
2
Conc
eming these manuals written specifically for each gender
concerning
these
relief
society manuals had 2012 frequencies of occurrence of FLE topics while the
melchizedek priesthood manuals had only 694 for the century this obvious
weakness a lack of FLE topics in the melchizedek priesthood manuals was changed
in the early 1960s when the publication began to incorporate FLE topics
31
although the frequencies do not give an accurate picture of the thirty year time
was
in the 1960s the frequencies of occurrence of topics for men and women las
kas
block
nearly equal being 186 in the relief society manuals and 163 in the melchizedek
priesthood manual see figure 7
the
men have continued to increase in family life
education topic frequencies in both the 1970s and the 1980s
men had available 625 FLE topic frequencies of occurrence through the
melchizedek priesthood manuals in the last three decades
relief society manuals
the womens
women through the
since
had available 1068 FO during the same time period
relief society manuals have increased
more significantly in the 70s and 80s
in frequencies
of topics even
highest in all five publications the frequencies
of topics for relief society manuals continues to reflect
a far greater emphasis on
FLE topics when compared to the melchizedek priesthood manuals
figure 6
century comparison of frequencies of occurrence of family life education topics
presented to men and women from the four publications which are available to
each gender
1420
124
242
1074
i
D
D
MEN
WOMEN
1051
1
lio
iio
1110
110
illo
ilio
86
868
221 221 224
221221
724
774
OOs
1
313
ios
los
220
r
19
319
3199
20s
n
15
154
C
30s
383
207
E40s
418
307
50s
gos
70s
80s
32
figure
7
comparison of frequencies of occurrence in the relief society and melchizedek
priesthood manuals thirty year time block 1960 to 1989
RSM
NIPM
MPM
186
el relief society
485
397
publications
243
219
163
fy f
1960s
f9f
1970s
i
1
EJ melchizedek
priesthood
publications
i eaf
e0f
rof
1980s
the womens relief society
manuals carried such a high frequency of family life
education material during the 70s and 80s that it shows a sharp contrast between the
two in late 1980s a change was made by the cumculurn
Cum culum department of the LDS
cumculum
occurrence
rence
church future frequencies of Occur
Tence FO will be closer although the relief
society manuals could possibly continue to be the highest FLE FO in the church
I1
however over the century there is a relative strength that is revealed in
occurrence
melchizedek priesthood manuals concerning the numerous frequencies of occur
Tence
of topics taught on LDS theology from 1914 to 1970 the melchizedek priesthood
manuals contained nearly 2250 lessons in LDS theology compared to approximately
r4i
rai
gine
Relic
zine and manuals during
450 lessons on LDS theological topics in relief
magazine
society magal
relicsociety
magak
the same time period
hence the melchizedek priesthood manuals had a topic
T
he relief society manuals had a topic
frequency strength in LDS theology while the
frequency strength in FLE
the
following emphasis changes have been made in the late 1980s
the
family life education emphasis in the relief society manuals and the theological
emphasis in the melchizedek priesthood manuals were incorporated into both
publications
concerning the amount of FLE material devoted in the publications for each
gender the following was estimated
in the last three decades approximately 20
to
33
35
of each melchizedek priesthood manual has been dedicated to family life
education topics
and
in greater proportion over the last three decades 50
to 65
of the relief society manuals have been dedicated to family life education topic
with the emphasis change
relief society
in
in the late 1980s this percentage
difference is closer relief society manuals were reduced in FLE content and
presently contain about 35
15
to 45
FLE curriculum material which is still about
more than in the melchizedek priesthood manuals judging from
to 20
present manual space devoted to FLE the women will continue to receive a
significantly higher frequency of FLE topics with both the overall century FO
information and the gender FO comparison reported the next step is to report the FO
of individual topics
REPORT ON
individual
TOPICS
among the most significant findings of this study are the data revealed when
the family life education frequencies of occurrence of individual topics are compared
these topics were ranked from highest
to lowest according to frequency of
occurrence table 6 shows this ranking appendix D is a complete list of the topics
all order by century FO and then each decade is broken down to show
ranked in over
overall
the top thirty rankings within each decade
before reporting the data by each individual topic the following information
from studies on family strength is laid as a foundation to make an important
correlation between the findings of this thesis and professional studies on the family in
general
in a society where families are leaving behind traditional ideals and some
family values are becoming weaker and weaker cromwell 1976 in each succeeding
generation there is a need to discover the traits or characteristics that create strong
families
stinnett and others state in the introduction of a study on family strengths
34
psychological sociological religious and government organizations
most of this research
have long had the family under intense investigation
has looked at the pathological aspects of family and how the fam
familys
ilys
little has been
problems affect the individual and the rest of society
done however to discover the positive aspects and characteristics of
the family
yet how can we eliminate the pathological aspects of
family life if we dont know what a healthy family is
in order to
strengthen families we must first leam
learn what strong families are like
stinnett 1982
Stin
stinnette
netts study was national USA in scope
stinnetts
he concluded that love
ranked first as a factor that created family strength and religion ranked second
other positive qualities were as follows mutual respect consideration of others
commitment good father mother image example honesty accepting responsibilities
and extended family
stinnett et al
1982
in the strengths study stinnett also asked the question what does a family do
that serves to make it strong
the family
activities reported included activities such
as enjoying the outdoors together family vacations attending church together
working together holding special family nights and praying together
otto also found that religion shared faith moral values and love were the
most important factors leading to strong families otto 1962
kim found that in 28
professional studies on family strengths religion was found more often than any
other as a factor determining family strength kim 1988
note that many of the
topics identified in the LDS FLE publications included in table 6 correlate strongly
with these findings of kim otto and stinnett et al on family strengths
spouse
amt
lRe
ligion
Religion
and
in this thesis falth
ami family ranked first
and
faith
faithreligion
love of
and third respectively in terms of highest FO
stinnett suggested that these topics and
other strengths reported in his study should be incorporated as topics in the program
35
curricula of FLE organizations stinnett et al
1982
the LDS church
has been
promoting these two topics to strengthen families in very similar proportion to the
findings of kim otto and stinnett and has been doing so for many decades see
table
6
faith religion was ranked number one
1I
in the overall findings
of the
churche
churchs FLE literature the century frequencies of occurrence for the topic faith
ft
religion was 707 this topic was ranked first in every decade but the 1910s see
according to the recorded frequencies of this study faith and religion as
table 6
taught in the church publications was the most frequently recorded topic used to
strengthen and enrich individual and family temporal well
being
wellbeing
arcus 1992 the data for this topic is shown
in figure 7
thomas and
this figure is a full page
view of tables and graphs which explain visually the data on the topic faith
religion
see also appendix C
1I
p 64
it should be noted that the lessons selected in this thesis to illustrate the topic
faith religion were only placed
1I
individual and family well being
in that category
if they fit the criteria to enhance
reviewed in the literature were thousands of
prox 12500
approx
lessons speeches etc which are mainly written on theology ap
very
few of these were categorized under this topic yet it was still number one in the overall ranking of FO
even with the understanding that this thesis is a study of a
churche literature which one would assume to have a preponderance of religious
churchs
materials the high correlation with the family strengths studies earlier mentioned still
seems to be a very important factor
appendix C contains a series of tables and graphs typical of figure 7 that
illustrate the findings of the topic faith and religion as well as forty other topics
with the highest FO
to gain a greater understanding of each topic reported in this
study these tables and graphs will be referred to extensively to convey information
ap 64 through 104
researched in this historical thesis see appendix C pp
36
table
6
40 highest ranked topics in the century each topic ranked by decade
faith religion
22teach
teach children
steach
3 love of spouse and family
4 parenthood responsibilities
5 moral values
66chastity
chastity fidelity
1I
77mamage
marriage instructions for
family basis of all society
99motherhoodwomanhood
motherhood womanhood role of
10 prayer personal family
11 money management
12
12fatherhood
fatherhood role of
parents
13
for
skills
13teaching
teaching
14 consideration etc
15 togetherness
16
example of parents
16example
17 honesty
18 health hygiene etc
19 education
20
work value of
20work
21 discipline wise appropriate
22
22forgiveness
forgiveness heals relationships
23 human development
24
family relationships close
24family
25 food nutrition etc
26 service builds character
27 responsibility
28 mate selection proper dating
8
cent
rank
1Iist
st
2nd
and
3rd
ard
4th
ath
5th
ath
6th
ath
7th
ath
8th
ath
9th
ath
1I oth
ith
lith
1I
12th
2th
ath
1I
ranking of each topic
within that decade
topicwithin
gos
OOs
70s
ios
los 20s 30s 40s 50s
st
ist
1I
3rd
ard
st
ist
9th
ath
33rd
rd
ard
4th
ath
14th
ist
st
ist
2nd
and
15th 1I loth
oth
1Iist
st
7th
ath
5th
ath 4th
ath
5th
ath 7th
ath
24th 9th
ath 9th
ath
22nd 13th
14th 4th
ath 13th
st
ist
1I
33rd
rd
ard
13th
14th
15th
16th
16th
18th
8th
ath
1I
19th
19th
21st
22nd
22nd
24th
24th
26th
27th
28lh
28th
29th
29 respect
30
30th
marital relations nurturing close
30marital
31 social science lessons
30th
32nd
32 home maintenance
33 planning organizing time use
32nd
34
34th
extended family nurturing
34extended
35th
35 clothing management
st aid
35th
illness treatment FU
36
first
36illness
37lh
37th
37 appreciation
338th
8th
ath
38 patriotism citizenship
39 contention and anger keep out of family 39th
40
aoth
changing ones life
40changing
14th
7th
7lh
ath
5th
ath
1I19th
9th
ath
15th 20th
26th
15th 25th
1I16th
1I oth
ath
6th
1I loth
18th
20lh
20th
oth
8th
ath
15th
20th
14th
17th 21st
1I
ist
3rd
ard
4th
ath
6th
ath
5th
ath
7th
ath
2nd
and
3rd
ard
4th
ath
9th
ath
6th
ath
1I loth
oth
12th
1I
1I
1I
2nd
2nd
and and
15th 22nd 1I loth
oth
5th
ath 4th
ath
ath 5th
4th
ath 5th
ath 13th
9th
ath 6th
ath
ath 4th
15th 8th
ath
ath 5th
14th 6th
ath 20th
1Iath
8th
12th
ath
2th
1Ilith
1I18th
ith 15th 15th 1I18th
12th
ath
8th
8th
ath
6th
ath 1Ilith
ath 26th 8th
ath 7th
ith 6th
ath
24th 22nd 20th 21st 26th 16th
1I
st
ist
st
ist
st
ist
1I
14th
14th
ath
4th
8th
ath
14th
1I
1I
loth
oth
14th
ith
lith
1I
2nd
and
9th
ath
17th
7th
ath
1I18th
8th
ath
1I19th
ath
9th
1I
1Ilith
8th
ath 12th 6th
ath 13th
ith
19th 28th 3rd
rd 13th
15th 23
ard
23rd
8th
ath 1Ilith
30th
ith 27th 15th
1I ith
1I18th
18th
21st
26th
lith
8th
ath 22nd
1I17lh
26th 19th
7th
ath
1I18th
8th
ath 4th
ath 1I oth 9th
26th
ath
1I18th
24th
23
rd
23rd
8th
ath
21
5th
st 22nd 7th
ath
21st
ath
14th 28th 20th 1I18th
8th
ath
20th
26th
rd
20th 23
23rd
ith
lith
1I
1I
loth
oth
20th
5th
ath
80s
st
ist
1I
2nd
and
3rd
ard
13th
1I
loth
oth
8th
ath
5th
ath
4th
ath
13th
8th
ath
18th
7th
ath
7th
ath 1Ilith
ith
22nd 6th
ath
20th
rd
22nd 23
23rd
25th
22nd
1I17th
ath
7th
14th
19th
25th
19th
13th
30th
ith
lith
16th
1I
25th
29th
15th
24th 28th
19th
14th
28th
30th
2nd
and
22nd 15th 21st
15th 26th
13th 8th
ath
29th
30th
15th
29th
16th
3rd
ard
18th
22nd
15th
12th
25th 22nd
25th
24th
1I
loth
oth
21
st
21st
1I
loth
oth
ith
lith
1I
26th
27th
23
rd
23rd
29th
25th
37
figure
8
summary graphs and tables of the frequencies of occurrence for faith
ist
RELIGION
FAITH
century
r&wutig
rmluog
1900
10
to
lo
1909
1m
1w
igo
190
1960
1970
1990
1930
to
1949
10
to
lo
10
lo
10
to
lo
to
1969
199
1979
1989
FO
0-
0
199
0
36
so
80
20
25
5
10
227
7.7
24
43
4
3
211
3
32
40
19
5
9
25S
43
43
40
6
244
153
185
139
6q
6
21 aq
2
26
2621
40
140
1 53
153
1 18
fig
118
ilg
2 17
217
79
79
7 07
707
11 27
1910
to
1919
1920
10
to
lo
1929
1910
1930
LD
10
lo
1939
0
0
0
13
aw
rie
rif
RSM
RSN 1
0
0
mpa
mps1M
mp1
0
10
3
CR
26
11
6
24
FRIA
frid1
6
3
1
3
8
1
TOT M
TOTAL
32
27
44
46
41
40
FH M
OF CEPT
iofcek7
4 5
13 9
t
6655
62
topic
topi
frcqu cncies per Cdecade
tonic c frequencies
pub jcalion
ch major
in
maj or LDS pubbc3tion
each
scalion
inea
religion
7
357
5 9
0
13
FN
EM
FHEM
N
B
RSNI
RSM
1
8
19 7
11
MPM
rny
TOTAL
CENTURY
TOTU
cent
0
R
CR
C
20
22
17
31
11
FRM
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
a
0
r
n
w
B
B
ios
los
IN
oos
00
j
20s
200
s
tr
m
30s
total
decide
touil FO per decade
H
fi
11
1
&il
ail
century
185
sos
70s
offo
publ icat
of FO b publication
ical ion
no
100
nr
46
44
32
2
27
LE
OOs
CR
30
40
41
EM
FHEM
ali
fli
20
201
11
139
ISO
150
0
IR
FILM
153
50
lib
itt
lit
a
gos
50s
40s
sr
n
as
3s
1
89
pa
p3 RSM
22
1
t
11
MPM
MIW
mim
17
ios 20s 305 40s sos gos 70s gos
los
gender comparown
jid women
Compa
rown
frequencicii
offrcjuenci of0ccunrence
on of
of0currcnce FO othj6
rid
compuii
outhit
ofthit topic taught to men and
114
meo had
women hj ilac
iid ii ilme XTNI
tid
il Mc RSM CR
tia
ila
CB FRM FHEM
bad
FHENI
timeilmc
fonf
foni CR FRM FHEM
I1
MEN
WO M E N
Ms
19106
lvios
1906
19306
32
17
31
26
32
24
39
42
nten
niem
0 NIEN
1950s
19609
19701
1980s
16
35
143
i5&
39
31
132
153
96
99
1
6
CENWRY
ssa
554
599
589
OLS
sus M
f pus
irow
irvw
arsht
rsht NIPM
D 40men
ww pap4 P M
1581 53
14 3
1
40
32
32
96 99
27
21
32 32
17
24
EM CE
WS
105
ios
31 39
r
42
38
n EE CLJ
203
6
305
16
r
408
35 31
503
10
601
709
1960s
1703
19809
38
the
topic ranked second in frequencies of occurrence for the century was
teach children
lessons and speeches illustrating this were designed to instruct
parents to teach their children about the aspects that make up quality family life
was found in over 516 lessons and speeches see appendix C
this topic
p65
it
was
among the top three frequencies of occurrence in every decade see table 6
teach children was not included as a topic at the outset of this research at
first separate categories were made under all the items to be taught to children
however as the research proceeded it became apparent that many topics were being
for example
duplicated
chastity and fidelity for married couples was recorded
and then the topic also occurred when parents were to teach the same to their own
children for example
Fidelity
chastityfidelity
teach children Chastity
proper
Mate
Dating
children
datingmate
teach
teach children the value of work
values
selection
teach children love
in
family
teach children moral
etcetera
it was apparent that teach children is an all encompassing principle in all
other topics
your children
the purpose of many
writings stated
teach these specific principles to
whenever that instruction was present the author noted the
instruction and included teach children as FO in this category
love was ranked third highest as a topic in LDS literature with 276 FO
the
actual topic name became love of spouse and family
p 66
this topic was not always ranked as high
notice that it was ranked as low as 22nd
see appendix C
in the early decades
of the century
in the 1940s but appeared so often in the
publications of the final three decades that it achieved an overall ranking of third for
the century see decade rankings in table 6
the
topic love of spouse and family
was found 226 times in the last three decades in church literature
the last three decades can be seen in figure 9
this high FO in
39
figure 9
frequencies of occurrences for the topic love of spouse family by decade in
RSNI
FHENI relief society manuals RSM
family home evening manuals FHEM
MPM conference reports CR and family
melchizedek priesthood publications NIPNI
FRM
relations manuals FRNI
40
FHENI
30
RSNI
20
mpm
mam
10
0
el
r
los
ios
20s
oos
parenthood responsibilities
and graphs in appendix C p 67
of
40s
50s
gos
70s
ranked ath for the century
el
FRNI
see the tables
note the numerous recorded frequencies
in
conference reports and the family relations manuals there was a sharp decline the
decade total of frequencies of occurrence for this topic during the 1980s down from
54 to 29 FO
5th overall with 237 FO
moral values ranked very high for the century ath
obviously the church placed high value on morality as an integral aspect of family
living
in FLE
he importance of this topic
its prominence in the rankings lends credibility to the
there
is evidence in the related professional literature that strong families in
general also consider moral values as an important aspect of family strength kim
1988
there
L
CR
E
oos
I1
is a decline in this topic in conference
reports during the 1980s while
relief society manuals and melchizedek priesthood manuals both increased
see
appendix C p 68
chastity is not a topic used in professional FLE literature perse it is listed
more often as abstinence
in LDS publications sexual purity is referred to as chastity
marnage
mamage
before carnage
damage and fidelity after marriage
from these teachings was formed the
40
topic chastity
I
1
fidelity
this
ols
ois
nis
k as ranked 6th
having
ath ha
topic was
ing 201 recorded
frequencies throughout the century
in LDS family life education literature this topic ranked so high that it
emphasizes the importance of chastity
note that this topic was stressed
living
I1
fidelity in the churchs
churche view of family
in every decade
from the 1940s having
10
FO to the 1970s this topic recorded a continuous
cont
continuos
inuos climb to 48 frequencies see figure
there
10
was a significant decline in frequencies in the 1980s in both conference
reports and the melchizedek priesthood manuals also note the family home
ere found to have
evening manuals were
hae a comparatively low frequency overall as the
topic chastity
I
1
fidelity was recorded to have only 10 frequencies of occurrence in
over 25 years see appendix C p 69
figure
the
10
topic chastity
I
1
fidelity
frequencies of occurrence by decade
48
50
40
30
sy
ff
25
20
18
15
10
0n
34
33
im
4
1
OOs
the
va
v4
14
ios
los
IN
205
I
y
r
ht
10
A
4
30s
1
RA
HI
1
CT
40s
50s
gos
&
70s
gos
topic marriage instructions occurred most frequently in conference
reports which had
appendix C p69
51
of all the frequencies of this topic for the century see
also over 49
of the frequencies of occurrence for marriage
instructions occurred during the 70s and bos
the
this study
topic family basis of all society is foundational in all LDS literature in
notice that in the tables and figures on p
71 the
conference reports have
41
dealt with this topic consistently as a central theme of FLE in the church throughout
also note the lack of frequencies of the topic
the century
in the melchizedek
priesthood and relief society manuals during the 1970s
the
following excerpt is one small portion of many examples of the topic
familyY basis of all societyh
famil
society given
report the leader of the
in the conference
church president ezra taft benson stated
first we need to strengthen families we must recognize that
the family is the cornerstone of civilization and that no nation will rise
the family
above the caliber of its homes
the church
we therefore call
is the rock foundation of
on the head of every household to
strengthen the family conference reports april 1984 p 5566
the
this topic
next topic
H
motherhood
was taught most in the
1I
womanhood role of
n
was ranked 9th
ath overall
relief society manuals and secondly
p 72
conference reports see appendix C p72
in the
men also received some instruction in
this area ostensibly so that they might better understand the purpose and importance of
womanhood and motherhood
however the frequencies for melchizedek priesthood
is about half that of those found in
relief society manuals
in stressing the importance of this topic david
0 mckay
prophet leader of
the church said
motherhood consists of three principles attributes or qualities
namely
love
1
the power to bear
2 the ability to
this ability and willingness properly
rear
3
the gift to
to rear children the gift
to love and eagerness yes longing to express it in soul development
make motherhood the noblest office or calling in the world
she who
can paint a masterpiece or write a book that will influence millions
pl
plaudits
audits of mankind but she who rears
deserves the admiration and the plaudite
successfully a family of healthy beautiful sons and daughters whose
42
influence will be felt through generations to come
deserves the
highest honor that man can give and the choicest blessings of god
grant & Widt
soe 1936
widtsoe
this quote concerning motherhood
is representative of many of the ideals and
teachings concerning motherhood womanhood role of
it is also representative
1I
of the high esteem given to women in the LDS church family life education and
theological publications
in professional literature stinnett et al
1982 reported that strong families
the study
indicates that prayer was
encouraged regularly in nearly every publication researched
in fact the loth ranked
place importance on prayer as a family strength
topic is prayer family and personal
the topic of family and personal prayer was
the subject in the family home evening manuals over 20 times see appendix C
p 7733
money management ranked
lith overall
I th
1I 1
in the century
it was stressed in
conference reports in the early decades and in relief society manuals in the later
decades
little has ever been written
p 74
see appendix C p74
on this topic in melchizedek priesthood manuals
in all decades preceding the economic depression of the
1930s when money management was taught the counsel was almost exclusively
to
stay out of debt
although money management was always ranked high it was
especially high in the latter part of the 20s and throughout the 30s
the role of fatherhood was not treated
century see appendix C p 75
frequently in the early decades of this
yet the topic fatherhood role oj
of appeared
in
greater numbers beginning in the 1960s and continuing through the 1980s until it
achieved a 12th ranking overall for the century
the topic fatherhood role of
continued to increase in FO over the last three decades while the CR had fewer
recorded frequencies for this topic in the 1980s see figure
11
has
43
figure
11
1I 1I
frequencies of occurrences of the topic fatherhood role of depicted by
publication in each decade family home evening manuals FHEM
FHENI relief
RSNI melchizedek priesthood manuals MPM
NIPM
conference
society manuals RSM
FRM
reports CR and family relations manuals FRNI
25
20
15
L
10
5
ff
0
OOs
the
y
0
FHIEM
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
NIPNI
MPM
311 il
j1 1
ja
ios
IN
20s
30s
n a
aos
ji
r 11
50s
gos
E
1
70s
hb
iff
lri
el
CR
D
RUM
FRM
80s
topic teaching skillsfor
skills for parents is observed almost exclusively in the
family relations manuals produced at the end of the 1960s the reason for the high
frequencies of occurrence is three manuals particularly designed for teaching parents
how to instruct their children at home in their own family home evening see
appendix C p76
the
note that almost all FO oc
occurred
cuffed
topic consideration etc
in this one decade
represents several related subtopics including
kindness politeness patience and cheerfulness
consideration luridness
combining of these principles this topic is ranked 14th
appendix C on
p77
because of the
see the tables and figures in
these principles were attended to more frequently
in the later
decades
the
next topic
togetherness
was mainly covered in the family home
evening manuals and relief society manuals see appendix C p78
note how the
frequencies of occurrence
occuffence increased to their highest level in the last decade
togetherness
meaning spending time with spouse and children recreation
44
activities and so forth ranked 15th see table 6
togetherness was especially
prominent as a topic in the decade of the 80s ranking sixth as parents were
kere
lere
their children see table
heln
hein
heir
admonished to take time to be with thein
figure
12
12
frequencies of occurrence by decade
the topic togetherness
35 j
32
30
25
20
19
19
gos
70s
15
10
5
0
fjf
8
7
F
1
OOs
7
6
3
j
F
11
II
los
ios
30s
20s
decade of the 80s
11
1
1
panson
companson
the century com
comparison
companion
example of parents
5
40s
SOS
80s
was identical for women and men for the topic
see appendix C
p79
there was a sharp FO decline
over
oer half of this frequencies of this topic occurred
in
in the
conference
reports melchizedek priesthood manuals and relief society manuals record little or
no frequencies in early decades of the century
ranked 17th
in this study was
honesty
though it is a part of moral
values
Hon esry is treated separately in professional studies stinnett
Stin nett
because honesty
nelt et
al 1982
it was set apart in this study as well
in the tables and graphs in appendix
C p 80 notice the high frequency this is taught in various decades
the
topic health
society manuals with a 63
hygiene appeared almost exclusively in the relief
FO see appendix C p 81
this
topic ranked 18th
i8th
irth and
included subtopics cleanliness sanitation physical exercise and weight
keight
leight control
45
education as a topic which ranked 19th was found mainly in two
note that in the most recent
publications RSM and CR see appendix C p 82
decades RSM has carried the majority of this topic
the value of work in the LDS church has been emphasized
throughout the
century and work value of ranked 20th see appendix C p83
note in the
appendix how the topic has continued to rise especially in the last two decades
OTHER
significant TOPICS
the next twenty
ranked topics are found in appendix C pp
ap 84 to 104
topic is displayed in the same manner with the same tables and graphs
comparisons and controls could be made regarding these topics
each
numerous
A few examples
of
possibilities illustrated from the summary empirical data are offered
forgiveness heals relationships was ranked 22nd see appendix C p 85
this topic has 20 FO in
the family home evening manuals these occurred during the
last two and a half decades 1965 to 1989
this topic
in the professional literature
could need reviving as it is rarely only 15 times is listed in computer reference
Socio file and ERIC which encompasses over 50000 topics
lit sociofile
programs of psychlit
Psych
ning
ding
fing to marriage and family
referring
refer
LDS family
life literature coming into the
preparing the youth for marriage
15
mate selection
80s also seems to be aimed at
1I
proper dating rose to position
on the decade table and was ranked 28th overall for the century
this
shows how
the church reacted to the growing ambivalence toward sexual relations outside of
marriage meeting this need through its FLE related literature coupling this
observation with the high emphasis throughout previous decades on chastity
1I
fidelity and the importance of marriage as being basic to all family life one can see
the strength of the churchs
churche literature aimed at preserving virtue in individual and
family life see appendix C
p 91
46
note how the topics respect and marital relations loving
30th overall were prominent in the 70s and 80s
both ranked
especially note the high frequency
that these topics were addressed to the men in comparison to women the FO has
increased steadily over the last four decades see appendix C p 93
the importance of extended family nurturing loving
overall
the importance of this topic is being recognized
was ranked 34th
more and more in the last
few decades see appendix C p 97
keeping contention and anger out of marriage and family relationships was
important for LDS writers as presented in the topic contention and anger keep
out of family
note how frequently
addressed in all five publications
in the last three decades this topic was
it ranked 39th overall see appendix C p 102
the many other topics in this study can be viewed
these many other topics listed
on a table in appendix D
in these tables are all woven together with those listed
above to form a rather comprehensive program of family life education program in
the LDS church
47
CHAPTER FOUR
SUMMARY AND
conclusions
familyy life education FLE
this thesis charts famil
as it has been taught by and
under the direction of the leaders of the LDS church during the twentieth century
from the wealth of information distributed
in five major
church publications the
frequency which 78 FLE topics have been addressed in print is reported
the data
support the conclusion that family life education has been a century long focus in the
church
the publications family home evening
manuals
relief society manuals
melchizedek priesthood manuals conference reports and family relations manuals
are carefully plotted on a series of charts so that all observations can be made quickly
and accurately
the
top ranking topics in the century are identified also topic focus
by decade and patterns of focus across decades have been illustrated graphically
st
faith religion ranked ist
1I
table 6
the high
in the century in frequencies
of occurrence see
frequency with which this FLE topic occurred in church
publication has some commonality with professional studies on family strengths kim
1988
otto 1962 stinnett 1982
the findings of this
study were that the LDS
church has incorporated subjects in faith and religion as the number one topic to
being
wellbeing
strengthen individual and family well
the
topic teach children
ranked second overall
conceptually it is a major
le
example
factor in FLE it impacts all other subjects in contrast the topic exam
P of
parents
was ranked 16th with 97 frequencies while the topic teach children was
recorded with 516 frequencies according to the frequencies of these two topics in
LDS publications the teaching
example of parents
is stressed as very important in
48
n
FLE but the instruction of parents to teach children was stressed as being of
paramount importance in family life education
A persistent message in the
publications has been that parents must teach by example and more importantly by
verbal instruction FLE principles to effect family living
the high
frequency of this
topic substantiates the ideal found consistently in the manuals that the inherent
responsibility of parents is to teach their children through instruction and that the
teaching of their children should not be just by example or just left to chance or left
to other institutions
the instructions
in numerous lessons were that parents should
teach many of these FLE topics to their children in the home setting
recommends that the topic teach children
the author
meaning the importance of parents
taking the prominent active role in teaching their own children in a wide variety
of FLE topics be incorporated into future family strengths research and FLE
curriculum preparations
the
topic love of spouse and family ranked third in the 78 topics studied
this topic
is not congruent with those typically addressed in the professional
literature
in one of the latest sociological dictionaries named
dictionary of psychology the term love was defined
the international
a form of mental illness not yet
recognized in any of the standard diagnostic manuals
sutherland 1989
in the mid
1980s almost all the other dictionaries in specific fields of the social sciences have
abandoned the term love it is not even listed
the LDS church
however
presents
love frequently enough to make it an essential FLE topic in the early decades of the
century and climbing in frequencies in the 1950s through the 1980s to become a topic
carrying paramount importance in the LDS churchs
churche family life education literature
see
table
6
the publications of the LDS church have stressed
essence of family life
studies
hinckley 1989
this finding
that
love
is the very
seems to be crucial for future
it is curious that family life researchers educators would not make love a
49
more central feature of professional family life education literature future text books
ought to include the topic of love
future writers should carefully consider the
impact of the topic of love in family life education
in LDS FLE publications high priority has been given to teaching roles and
responsibilities in family living four marriage and family living topics were
prominent in the church publications responsibilities of parenthood instructions
conc
concerning
eming marriage and the roles and responsibilities of fatherhood and
ath 9th
ath 7th
ath and 12th overall see table 6
motherhood these topics were 4th
during the century another high frequency topic in church publications has
been moral values
6
it was the 5th
ath most frequent topic during the century see
table
in the research to date on family strengths moral values have also been
emphasized kimm
kirn 1988
kim
kimn
this
high frequency of this topic show that the directors
and the writers of the churche
churchs curriculum for FLE placed importance on moral
values as an integral aspect of family living
in terms of topic frequency LDS church publications have placed high
priority on teaching chastity before marriage and fidelity after marriage this
topic chastity
1I
fidelity has held a prominent position over all nine decades and
over the century ranked sixth in frequencies of published topics
churche
the churchs
position has not varied over the century even in more recent decades when alternative
lifestyles have gained prominence among some individuals and in the professional
literature
from 1910 to the 1989 the topic
chastity fidelity has never left the
top 10 frequency ranking
the overall
importance of family being the basis of
successful function ranked eighth
the voice of
all society
and its
LDS church leadership has
especially through conference reports been instrumental in the implementation of
the topic family basis of all society in LDS family life education
50
also
prayer personal family ranked tenth
stinnett et al
families
this
professional literature
1982 has also identified family prayer as a characteristic of strong
study also incorporates into this topic of family prayer the addition of
personal prayer as it was recorded numerous times in the literature along side family
prayer
many other topics included were
19
consideration
ranked 14th and
money management
togetherness
ranked
togetherness
ranked 15th
was referred to so frequently that it was ranked 6th
ath in the 1980s
th
lith
1I 1I
the accelerated
frequency of this topic seems timely given the ever increasing number of alternative
activities couples and individual family members are choosing to give priority to over
being together to strengthen family ties and sharing time together as families
forgiveness heals relationships
title in the publications
most recent decades
this topic
is a topic selected from an actual lesson
was ranked in the top twenty in all three of the
the meaning of this topic carries important personal andor
religious significance in family relationships
the topic of forgiveness
the relatively
most FLE literature today has omitted
high ranking of FO throughout the decades
establishes this topic as being important in the LDS church family life education
literature given todays great need for the healing of troubled families this topic
needs to be reawakened in the professional literature
the importance of marriage relations being loving and
relations nurturing close ranked 30th see table 6
nurturing
this topic
marital
has been directed
especially toward men stressing the important opportunity they have to realize such a
relationship in their marriage
Conc
eming men and women the comparison of the frequencies of occurrence
concerning
of FLE topics showed that women received more information during the century in
every decade except the first in the mid 1960s the melchizedek priesthood manuals
for men began to incorporate FLE topics and melchizedek priesthood manuals have
51
consistently increased in frequencies of occurrence consistently over the last three
the relief society manual increased
decades
carnies
occurrence and presently carnnes
carries about 10
to an even higher frequencies of
to 30
more FLE topics than the
melchizedek priesthood manuals for more detailed information refer to the tables
and figures in appendix C and also chapter
three
in the five major publications reviewed the total number FO these FLE
topics would have been taught to members of the LDS church during the century is
over 6200 in the last three decades the number of topics published per year is
this number gives
approximately 140 and topics taught per decade is over 1400
evidence to the fact the LDS church has a well established family life education
program
that all
five publications attend to family matters suggests that the church
of jesus christ of latter day saints has a well organized approach to teaching
families
in its published teachings begun early in the century the FLE publications of
the LDS church encourages its members as follows
1
parents are taught together
through LDS sunday school family relations manuals FRM first published in
1906
2
women are taught separately through the relief society magazines and
manuals RSM first published in 1914
3
men of the church are taught FLE
principles in the melchizedek priesthood manuals MPM first published in 1914
4
in
LDS
children
are
and
together
taught
the
weekly
parents
church
of
families
the
FLE principles in the home evening program begun in 1915 with no manuals and
using family home evening manuals first published in 1965
5
and twice each
year since before 1900 the members of the church have received published
instructions in the form of conference reports that include family life education
topics addressed by LDS church general authorities
52
conclusions
this
study reviewed major LDS church publications containing family life
the church
education topics found in almost 350 publications through the century
had in place starting in the first decade of the twentieth century the beginnings of a
substantial program for family life education
this continued basically
in three ma
or
major
publications for sixty years then in the decade of the 1960s a new series of
publications were added under the direction of the church president david
0
mckay the family home evening manuals were introduced at the same time a
significant increase in FLE topics occurred
the frequency of occurrence
shows that
every church organization increased the use of FLE literature in the 1960s at or near
the same time these five publications sources rose dramatically in FLE topic content
frequency since the 1960s to 1989
the content of these
rising over 350
from earlier decades
materials were addressed both to men and women and
this dramatic increase in the frequency of FLE literature was found in the publications
for both men and women also in the 1960s men through melchizedek priesthood
manuals began to receive a greater frequency of topics in FLE and have continued to
increase each decade into the 1980s
the womens relief society
manuals have
increased even more dramatically in every decade since 1960 and at present are the
publication with the highest frequency of FLE topics being produced in the church
all were positive and preventive in topic
in the early decades the topics over
overall
content slowly over the last thirty years some remedial or negative topics were
addressed
the content of such
topics was not addressed negatively
topics such as
divorce abuse of wives and children abortion etcetera have always approached in
such a manner as to teach correct principles for family living and they have provided
counsel aid or advice for those who had suffered from or participated in negative
living
53
family life education in LDS church publications is centered in teaching
principles values roles and responsibilities that strengthen marriage and family life
the
importance of this observation should not be taken too lightly
many profession
based publications have focused almost explicitly on family and societal weaknesses
marital sex depression anorexia divorce incest etc through constant
abuse pre
premarital
research study reporting and information taught in classes and professional
publications about such societal ills the profession may be promoting the very topics
for which a cure is sought
topics
in LDS church publications illustrate a very different approach
systematic focus on positive possibilities in families and family strengths through a
wide variety of family living topics have been incorporated in the curricula
this
approach is consistent with the churchs
churche emphasis on teaching correct principles
it is
the authors opinion that teaching correct principles has long been a guiding
philosophy in LDS church FLE literature
this
ideal has carried over a century and
a half into the present decade because church publication content has been guided and
overseen by the LDS church general authorities
the ideal
teaching correct
president
principles has origin in the teachings of the churchs
and prophet
early
churche
joseph smith john taylor later also a prophet and leader of the LDS church
he people correct principles amt
recorded the statement by joseph smith 7I teach the
ami
and
1
they govern themselves and then john
taylor added and if correct principles will do
this in one family they correct principles will do this in ten in a hundred and in ten
hundred thousand families
journal of discourses vol 10 ap
58
pp 57
5758
this
statement has been woven into the latest LDS adult sunday school manual entitled
teach them correct principles
the
A
study in family relations 1987
78 topics reported in this study were ranked according to frequency
topics addressed most frequently in LDS church publications were ist
ist faith
religion
2nd
and
teach children
3rd
ard
the
1I
spouse
4th parenthood
and family ath
love of
54
responsibilities
moral values
5th
ath
6th
ath
chastity
society
family
8th
basis
ath
all
instructionsor
of
sor
instructions
for
Instruction
fidelity
9th
ath
7th
ath
marriage
motherhood womanhood
1I
prayer
personal
10th
and family other topics are reported in chapter
role of loth
three and appendix
C and D
from the findings of the highest ranked topics this thesis also illustrates that
through these topics members of the LDS church are regularly invited to act in ways
to strengthen their families
regularly across the century
family life education topics have been addressed
LDS church publications have been printed over a long
period of time and probably represent one of the longer ongoing family life education
programs in the world
indeed the breadth and frequency of topics addressed by the
church is impressive even stunning surely it stands as an example for the various
bodies of family life education curricula produced in this century
11
55
references
bahr
family research
ed
12 new york macmillan
1991
S J
A sixty
1990 vols
year review 1930
19301990
3rd ed
borg W R & gall MD 1983 educational research an introduction ard
new york longman
parent and child in the latter day saint home salt lake city
deseret sunday school union board
bowen E
1949
come unto me relief society personal study guide 1988 1987
jesus
of
christ of latter day saints
church
conference reports
1899
salt lake city utah
salt lake city utah unlisted
jesus
1964
reports
of
city
christ of
salt
church
utah
lake
the
conference
latter day saints
cowley AS
adams RS
the family
home evening A national ongoing
family
and jamily
family enrichment program in otto HA ed marriage andfamily
enrichment new perspectives and programs nashville parathenon
Para thenon
1976
cromwell R E 1976 A preliminary position statement on the american family
139
illinois teacher vol 6 135
135139
deboer R
RLL
1
1951
195
historical study of mormon education influence of its
philosophy on public education in utah unpublished doctoral dissertation
provo
young
brigham
university
utah
A
family home evening manual 1965
salt lake city utah deseret news
67 salt lake city utah corporation of the president
familyy home evening 1966
196667
famil
church of jesus christ of latter day saints
president
1973
74
y
the
evening
family
197374
corporation
of
salt
city
home
utah
famil
lake
church of jesus christ of utter
latter day saints
president
1975
76
y
evening
corporation
the
family
of
197576
salt
city
utah
home
lake
famil
church of jesus christ of latter day saints
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197677
familyy home evening 1976
famil
church of jesus christ of latter day saints
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familyy relations
famil
salt lake city utah church of jesus christ of latter day
1975
saints
familyy relations class teachers supplement for family home evening manual
famil
71 1969 salt lake city deseret sunday school union
1970
197071
family relations class teachers supplement for family home evening manual
1967
68 1967 salt lake city deseret sunday school union
196768
gospel living in the home
union
grant H
1962
salt lake city utah deseret sunday school
may 1936 improvement era salt lake city
widtsoe J A eds
improvement era vol 39 p 269
J
green D L ed
january 1971 ensign salt lake city utah corporation of the
president of the church of jesus christ of utter
latter day saints
hall
M
1916 parent and child volume three child study and training
vol
3
salt lake city deseret sunday school union
hall M
1925
talks to parents on home and life problems salt lake city deseret
book
hawkes JD
latter
1975 index to conference reports of the church of jesus christ of
1973 salt lake city utah hawkes
day saints 1880 1897
18971973
consumer debt and parent child interaction unpublished
provo
young
doctoral dissertation brigham
university
utah
israelsen C L
1990
israelsen C L 1991 family resource management in bahr S J ed family
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research A sixty year review 1930
1990
19301990
family resource management research 1930
40
financial counseling and planning 13
1340
israelsen C L
1990
journal of discourses
1865
daniel H wells liverpool vol 10
reprinted
1966
1985 unpublished
19601985
kirn
kim DC 1988 A review of family strength literature 1960
provo
young
university
masters thesis brigham
utah
groups
with
interventions
couples
families
structured
and
labate
press
of america
washington DC university
L
1978
57
larsen DL ed
1977
ludlow DH ed
1992
ensign salt lake city utah corporation of the
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mormonism
encyclopedia of
vol
14
ofmormonism
1
new york
macmillan
lynn
personal communication april 18 1988
mace DR
1982 close companions
the marriage enrichment handbook new
york continuum
mace D
mace V 1 74 we can have better marriages if we really want them
hem
new york abingdon
mullis A and mullis R making parent education relevant family perspective
173
1983 17 167
167173
otto HA 1962 what is a strong family marriage and family living 141
241
l41
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80
7780
parent and child A series of essays and lessons 1908 salt lake city deseret
sunday school union 1909 vol 2 salt lake city deseret sunday school
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parents department sunday school outlines of the 1906
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4753
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salt lake city utah
parent education and
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study
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salt
of
relief
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study
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society
197475
of
relief
1
1971
197
salt lake city utah church of jesus
christ of latter day saints
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study
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197
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pg
bulletin
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board of the relief society
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535
and protestant family relations 304 527
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18471987
translation of the bible A historical analysis of publications 1847
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15
22
1522
sutherland
S
1989
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the international dictionary of ofpsychology
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3388
tumbow RC
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1952
parent and youth salt lake city deseret sunday school
59
APPENDIX A
60
topical survey LDS FLE publication
LDS
SURVEY
TOPICAL
ITOPICAL
publication
FLE
publication area LDS FLE
publication
of
title
published
by
written for
author
FHE
RS
MP
crother
year
5
3
4
1coup1es2w1ves
1couples2wives 3husbands
Husbands 4chi1dren
4children
5entire
Children sentire
Entire
parents mothers fathers
family
siblings
topic
1I
pgsiwfi
pgcs
pecs
WF
1
explanations
61
APPENDIX B
figure CENTURY summary table and graphs
CENTURY
aary
iary
FURY
SUMMARY
SUMN
1ary OF ALLTC
ALL TOPICS
PICS
CENTURY
cent
TOTALS
ALL
TOPICS
1900
1910
ign
191
190.00
1910
1930
10
10
to
1919
10
to
1929
10
to
0
1909
FHEM
0
0
0
ram
RSM
r5m
NIPM
MPM
1939
1940
10
to
1949
1950
10
to
1959
1960
10
to
1969
1970
10
to
1979
0
0
0
0
191
TO
5011
107
119
177
126
18
is
20
12
15
186
163
397
219
179
111
21
31
ISO
180
ibo
4
148
55
331
387
325
372
1237
453
69
339
236
56
433
CR
FRNI
FRM
140
81
123
83
TOTAL
221
331
cnt
53533
33553
IOPCENT
of CENT
5544
0
each major LDS publication
6 9
69
62
53
5 3
topic frequencies per decade
ID
62
0
FHPM
FHEM
B
889
1777
694
131
2012
899
1353
6271
14
28
11
32
14
71
2 6
1
0
FO
485
243
297
26
261
NEPM
MPM
CEMTURY TOTAL
CENTIMY
719797
1639
197
PSKI
RSM
1980
10
to
1909
1989
CR
0
70s
as
SOS
0s
bos
FRM
600
soo
500
400
300
200
100
0
as
0s
los
ios
OOs
20s
40s
30s
total FO per decade
gos
as
0s
SOS
century
1800
1600
1400
1200
ltv
rtv
1000
dav
lav
800
1639
FRM
1
FHFNI
FHEM
14
1353
ya
y7
ryf
of FO
70 by publication
90
14
i
iav
600
4
433
387
331 339 331
400 221
2f I
2200
00
1
J
0
oos
10
50 gos 70s
00 ios
20 30 40 SOS
los
rel
lel
RSM
CR
28
33
el el FEL
1
1
MPNI
80s
gender Com
panson
comparison
this topic taught to men and women
ofthus
nanson of frequencies of occurrence FO of
ofthu
women
RSM CR FRM FHEM
omen had available RSNI
FHFNI
men had available NIPM
FRM FHENI
FHEM
MPM CR FRNI
MEN
AONIEN
WOMEN
19003
1900
19109
sog
19
201
19201
19306
1930
1940s
1940
19503
19501
19601
19708
970
19901
19801
CENTURY
221
224
313
220
319
154
207
383
307
418
1051
1242
1420
868
1110
94
4494
5577
221
r
el
i
TO
el
MEN
319
1074
la
l0
141
1010
1 24
2422
WOMEN
I1
1074
companwo
wo of RSM add
and MPM
companio
Compan
cobipntoofr5mbdmtm
pRSMMPM
KIPM
IRISKII
bsd
esd
1110
ilio
iilo
1051
397
6
221 2 2
221
13
EM
00
OOS
105
ios
los
319
220
319
bm
20s
383
307
186 163
181
igl
418
ibi
5
as
jos
0s
N
M
40s
as
0s
50s
gos
as
70s
0s
80s
1960s
960s
L
4855
1
219
1970s
2143
2543
j0
ja
980s
63
appendix C
figure
summary table and graphs
1I
RELIGION
rea
re1JGION
rel
FAITH
ist
century
irn
1910
igo
190
10
to0
1909
1969
10
to
1980
10
to
1919
199
19149
ivry
0
36
120
10
0
25
5
10
24
43
4
3
9
211
19
5
25
1
3
8
1
43
43
80
27
32
40
6
44
46
41
153
185
10
10
to0
1919
ign
191
199.99
10
to
1919
0
0
0
0
0
10
13
0
3
26
6
3
32
11
6
24
3
27
5 4
4 54
OF CENT
igno
1900
1960
19 ILI
RSKI
RSM
KIPM
MPM
R
C
CR
FIRM
FRM
TOTAL
1950
10
to
1959
190
FHEM
ranking
1940
10
to
1949
10
1910
1900
irm
10
to
1909
I1SOW
6
3 8
644
32
at
2t
6655
per
adee
adte
F
ade
decade
de
topic frevjenies
jenies
fredieu
les
ies
freiieu
FreV
frem
rehem
reiem perde
pun
publi
S
publiatiou
publianou
eat
LD
bmajor
LDS
bubli
Pub
jmajor
in ehab
major
each
tiou
lianou
Publia
bali
ball
IM
40
7c
5 7ac
5 8
D
21 6
FJ
140
F
22
40
118
17
17s
4
224
217
79
707
331
1399
1
19
1977
2
0 t
153
8
a
MPM
RSKI
RSM
FHENI
FHEM
26
1
rcvttn
iffy
ifiy
fiy TOTAL
CLNTTURY
CCs
1
11
27
271t
111
1
110.1
FRM
1101
CR
80
ai0i
70
J
60
so
50
40
n
p
JU
30
J
r
0
20
istltl
0
loh
ios
los
00
OOs
a
hude
deaude
fide
FO
de bude
defide
70 per deride
total
tota
tola
1
r
f
rf
nge
gee
W
aos
so-
as
70
70s
0s
ook
bos
500
SOS
506
c
B
IL
a
centum
cent
ceni un
185
200
E
s
as
30
30s
0s
20
i
t
i
b-
10
11
A
80s
pum
puhlnalion
pubhation
bbyv pun
of FO bv
alion
FRM
FRaa
a1
153
FHEM
20
11
13
139
150
100
3
K
CR
CR
50
41
40
27
L
00
0
46
4444
32
301x
w
1
I1
lltiti
17
20s 30s
3& 40
gos 70s
0
sos
50
gnj
k1cnhada&dah1cmpn1
men
available
Com pinson of frequencies of occurrence
gcnjcr
gaj r compinson
glnjr
FHENI
MPM CR FRM FHEM
hod
had
MEN
OKIEN
OMEN
EM 3S
s
i
KIPKI
MPM
10
lox
los
OOs
RSNI
19xi
19i
332
19101
igo
19205
17
31
o
1901
16
126
32
4
38
4
42
D mes
KIEN
MEN
nten
nien
1
0
1
80
80s
FO of this topic taught 10
to
lo men and nk omen
A ornen
women
FRM
avail
aMt RSM CR FRNI
omen had aadabee
availamt
adable
frai FHEM
19705
century
19405
19801
1960s
1950s
1970
40i
1960i
950
CENTURI
143
16
35
158
554
96
13
31
132
38
153
99
589
c-onipinion
oni pinion 0off RSM
oai
A
women
el UOMEN
OKIEN
FRS
1 1 7
1 P1 t
RSM
MPM
1
143
14
I1
n
15801153
sl
a
I1
I1
and MIM
end
ml
i
1
11I
I1
32
96 99
7
11
43
jn
40
kiski
kilki
zu
32
32
3
26
17
r tolov
fI
los
11
00
1
J 11
38
pilrctr
adl
hdl
t
rov
ros
0
5 31
16
LTURR
1I
105
305
40s
40
50s
60
1IS
t1131
70s
bos
1960s
1970s
1980s
980s
S-
figure
2
summary
mnary table and graphs
Sun
unary
65
CHILDRE N
TEACH CHILDREN
2nd
and
19u0
1900
10
to
1909
1910
gio
910
igo
1930
1920
190
igo
1910
10
to
lo0
1919
919
10
to
1929
199
FH EM
FHEM
0
0
0
RSKI
RSM 1
RSN
0
0
8
19
0
200
century
ranking
MPM
MP M
CR
s1
F sa
FRM
TOTAL
TOT AL
10
lo
1940
10
to
lo
1950
10
to
lo
1939
1949
1919
199
0
0
12
21
2
0
0
17
12
10
12
0
0
0
20
122
8
2
3
6
7
322
1333
0
35
25
39
27
221
6621
OF
OFCENTT
CENT
1
6688
64
1
6
7661
48
7
4 8
topic
topi c frequencies per decade
na
publichtion
publicalion
10
lo
Public alion
in
ch major LDS publication
each
n&
0
0
FMEM
frem
19
1970
1900
970
I1
11
II
36
49
577
211
333
21
20
10
45
98
6
99
4 4
2244
344
1
1 18
118
Z
233
12
977
101
01
5 16
516
D
jf
SO
50
15
lyp
151
19
ige
191
23t
8E8 23
E
CR
60
344
1
9 6
196
1
14
9 it
1
126
26
TOTAL
47
77
177
777
10
0
1
MPKI
MPM
cey
ars
ces
nrs
c12miri
ccntlr
f0
fa
1999
2
igo
B
10
1
1919
1
RSM
9 0
1910
1
10
to
0
19
190olt
5 2
j
1960
10
to
1969
frh
FRM
FRI
frat1I
i
1
M
40
aoi
x
1
i
JO
30
f
20
10
ft
fir
fil
1
as
10
0s
iov
lov
1
1 l ir m
0
oon
OOs
00
1I
s
1
300
20s
1
s
H
F
i
yos
SOS
aos
40
adee
FO
delude
70 per de
total
toia
tola
c
126
2t
at
120
i
t
i
L
a111
s
M
80as
0s
70s
70
publication
h public
6n
of FO an
allon
atlon
alion
FHEM
fh EM
FRM
flum
FFIRM
91
19
101
98
i
as
0s
60-
century
cent
ceni ur
140
i
100
80
60
40
20
0
F
1
r
OOs
r
1I
tr
ll L
39
35
33
32
25
1
1
r
11
io
lo
10.
10
ios
los
20
yos
30
P
CR
1233
27
f
L
40
kia
nia
HH
70
11
gos 70s
SOS
MPM
KIM
RSM1
34
15
80s
gender conn
rence FO orthis
Corn
of occurrence
omcn
of this topil
panson
topic taught to men and oman
comparison
ofthis
nanson of frequencies ofolcur
k omen had
women
RSM CR FRM FHEM
ailahle RSKI
hd as available
men had available MPM
FRM FHEM
KIPM CR FRIM
19503
1950
19601
90
igo
19709
190
igl
19801
13
igo
190
18
is
227
17
87
77
44
25
39
Z
277
77
93
80
igni
19101
1910
igo
19209
190
igloi
19301
MEN
32
25
16
OMEN
nonien
hokien
3
32
33
33
E
EJ
MEN
19401
13
OKIEN
91
87
IRSKI
so
77
OON
oos
1
10
j
11m
Os
oos
405
57
33
21
sym
OEM
bem
13
1
kia
nia
allt
llt
SOS
gos
70s
lium
INUM
49
27 27
2
ud
KIM
44
39
33
339
439
compunson
Comp
unson of RSM
77
32 112
lit
century
CENTURN
CENTLTR
80s
196wos
1
m
19 Os
9805
figure
summary table and graphs
3
66
LOVE OF SPOUSE AND FAMILY
3rd
ard
century
1900
10
to
1909
iglo
1910
iio
ilo
110
FHEM
1930
10
to
1939
199
1940
10
to
1949
digs
igs
19 SO
1960
10
to
10
1959
0
0
10
to
1920
190
10
to
1919
199
0
0
0
RSNI
RSM
0
3
5
KIPM
MPM
0
0
0
CR
FRNI
FRM
4
1
0
6
0
0
0
2
3
9
16
20
9
28
2
2
1
3
2
2
12
4
8
TOTAL
6
6
12
5
5
16
63
90
73
P
8
ige
ibm
181
ranking
2 2
251
258
221
2 2
22
1 OF CENT
4 3
per
cretu
decade
boie
topic frequemies
fretu enie
eoie
0
1
maj or LDS publication
in each major
0
FHEKI
FHEM
1980
10
to
1989
0
22i
9
129
6
3
1
17
2
1
1 A
11
31
588
188
1
1969
1970
10
to
1979
8
8q
22 aq
v
IN
RSKI
RSM
32 6
el
MPM
cennrt
ny
fu
CIEN
clen 11110
57
49
34
100
36
76
276
11
26
364
264
5644
c
1
221
1
18
181
12
36
13
40
4
TOTAI
1
erm
FRM
CR
35
351
30
1
25
H
20
15
10
lo
5
lrbllla
L
r
il
0
los
10
iov
iok
lo
OOs
00
th
tond FO
total
tood
tolai
70 per delude
1
d
gos
SOS
505
centur
centar
ccnlur
gos
los
70
F0 O
publ calion
by publication
of FO
ac
7c
KI
FR
FRKI
FRM
73
13
63
70
1
1
mk
40s
90
90
80
aji
ajl
TB
30
1
60
so
50
40
FHEM
ii
2
IS
si
gils
eils
30
20
6
10
6
0
5
1
1
OOs
ook
00
Os 20
ios
loi
30s
40s
70s
70
gos
60
50
s
16 i
FI
5
if
1
CR
16
12
s
RSNI
RSM
KIPM
MPM
irs
12 t
ros
bos
gender comparison of frequent acs
lo men and women
oftens
oftrns
ics of occurrence FO of
this topic tauphi
tauchi 10
taufhl
women hod
FHIENI
FRKI FHEM
NIPM CR FRM
FHEM
had aailahle
hed
mn had iiadablc
tstilahic MPM
aailthle RSM CR FRM FHEKI
igo
19101
19701
19209
19601
19405
igloi
19103
1900
19a09
igol
mo
1970
CUNTURN
IMS
190
190i
aki
MEN
6
3
7
5
5
13
62
70
56
WOMEN
lonien
6
6
12
5
5
14
51
81
62
D
compuntoo
ISKI and
MJ
compknsoo of RSM
end
md KU
WOMEN
MEN
237
227
27
142
1
RSKI
RSM KIPM
MPM
120
0
81
I
1
70
62
51
56
NJ
ES
I
1
i7
ia
62
12
ma
9
6
r
6
libi
rill
rili
li&i
OOs
i
6
7
12
5
gsa
log
IOS
los
zog
zos
0
wpm
ppm
13 14
30s
5
5
5
ts
40
amm
awe
IME
ssjq liiisa
lirisa
1970s
seju
yos
sov
SOS
nos
bov
70s
sos
tov
lov
1960b
1960s
1930s
figure 4 summary table and graphs
PONSI BILIT
RESI
HOOC responsibilities
IES
PA RENT HOOD
parenthood
les
reslPONS
billt
mo
4di
4ih
4lh
aih
10
century
191xj
190j
19w
1 U
19
1910
iglo
1930
raa
kini
Ran
kiri
kirl
ranking
raneiri
rankiri
igo
1920
190
10
to
10
to
10
to
1909
1919
191999
10
to
1939
199
1949
10
to
19
1959
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
2
12
2
2
1
0
0
0
FHEM
677
mi
1970
to0
1979
iglo
igro
1980
1910
ivro
1
12
3
17
7
6
10
9
33
11
0
8
7
6
9
122
12
9
128
18
49
22
1910
ivo
190
1940
10
to
1960
10
to
1969
10
to
TIJTAL
CENTIIRY TOTAL
T
FO
1999
1989
199
RSKI
RSM
k1
ka
PKI
MPM
CR
FRNI
FRM
8
17
7
7
18
is
14
23
25
11
15
5
a8
5
3
9
2
58
TOTAL
19
33
14
17
25
19
48
0
54
129
259
359
358
258
CENT
1 OF CLNT
cest
7 4
747
6
20 9
11 2
fi
544
12 8
9977
6 6
iop ic frequencies
lop
delude
frequtenches
topic
encies per deaude
fremut
majc r LDS publication
in
cb major
ine
lneeach
fo
D
7
0
FMEM
FHEM
4
18
RSKI
RSM
W
B
PAPM
MPM
0
1
11
4411
0
CR
FRM
25
20
hil
fil
15
r
H
41
grr
10
K
5
j
0
fo-
totol
totel
total
60
c
1
fl
20s
ac
4c s
30
1
l
r
r
n
i
p
J
17
141
11
1
L
j
7
LL
L-
i
0
10
iov
iol
00
40
20s 30
RSM
7
71
n
13
P N I1
N 1I
91
19
1
F
FHEM
aga
zsa
zda
29
25
1
aij
80s
70s
FF
FRNI
FRM
33
31
19
rh
U i
puhbi
puhlkalion
pubbation
batlon
alion
atlon
ccnlur
ccnturn
bation
alur
ilur 7 of FO b Pub
48
30
t
i
54
40
ti
t
gos
50s
pe r decade
per
decad e
SO
10
arab
arll
n
lov
ios
OOs
20
i
1
50
L
j
CR
49q
49
gov
gos
60
70
70s
80s
occurrence
10
gender comparison of frequencies of Occur
to men and women
of this topic taught lo
Tence FO orthis
ofthis
men
anc RSM
horri
korri
norri
korricri
RSKI CR FPM
KIPKI CR FRM FHEM
aMe
omen
FRM FHEM
nten
crt
avail ane
flable MPM
nien had aa
cri had available
amtilahit
aaflable
aoilahit
adilahit
MEN
OMEN
el
110
igros
10
19305
igol
1140
19w
mol
nol
1960s
i960
19108
ivo
ifo
198p
1980s
19
33
12
1
15
23
17
4424
44
10
20
225
19
3
32
14
17
255
19
40
47
23
216
26
ea
e3
EN
MEN
N I1
OKIEN
42
T
1
KIPM
RSKI MPM
RSM
40
ud
MTM
MFM
10
0
1
8
7
19 19
F
14
IN
47
11
21
uo
44
CENTUK
CEN
TURf
compansoo
01
RSKI
of RSM
voo
soo ol
comptitoo
Compan
1
33 32
00
turr
19104
lio
llo
191x
1901
1
F
25
M
7
I1
fm
20
0
19
17
I1
MIN
kun
V
M
nug
rug
NUM
LU
oos
aos
23
6
50s
60
70s
1031
kusi
kasi
80s
1960s
1970s
1980
figure
68
MORAL VALUES
5th
ath
century
ranking
1929
199
1940
10
to
1949
1950
190
10
to
1959
199
1960
igo
10
to
1969
0
0
0
0
0
5
9
9
10
0
1
0
6
8
3
4
133
15
1910
10
to
lo
1919
gig
919
0
0
0
10
0
RSNI
RSM
NIPM
MPM
CR
PUN
run
F
FRM
1
TOTAL
555
OF CENT
90
1930
10
to
1939
ishio
10
lo
1909
E p61
FH
FHEM
t
summary table and graphs
5
63
4
90
igo
1920
190
10
to
iglo
1910
1980
199
99
1989
99
FO
7
133
3
23
1
10 1
3
16
7
11
70
30
0
2
4
4
6
17
71
13
10
7
29
20
0
9
11112
112
lic
ilc
0
0
0
5
1
2
IS
18
Is
22
0
20
12
61
455
31
37
237
25
2577
190
90
13
131
766
9933
7
1
io
1910
10
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84
5511
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CENTVRY
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at
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1
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occurrence
gender comparison of frequencies of Occur
foi
fol of this topic taught to men and women
Tence FO
men had available MPM
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WINI
gini
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1930s
19109
1905
190s
13
9
13
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MEN
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0
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finlen
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19503
19605
19709
10
9
45
39
10
57
41
22
17
15
women had avada
FRJNI
hic
FHEM
available
franf
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fic RSM CR FRM
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57
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38
0
10
0
9
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7
9 10
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6
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77
LA
0
maj KMKI
of RSKI moj
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16
41
10
7
15
220
25
22
13
167
RSNI NIPNI
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13
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1980s
110
compannn
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annn
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gwo
goo
70s
BIDS
1960
x
197on
1980
figure
CHASTITY
HASTITY
6th
ath
1920
igo
190
10
to
1929
199
1910
10
to
lo
1939
1940
10
to
1949
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
3
3
9
0
3
2
0
0
4
8
7
5
0
2N
i2
4
15
is
14
igei
lom
low
ranking
10
to
lo
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
NIPM
MPM
CR
FRNI
FRM
TOTAL
CENT
con
coa
CDT
cestr
of cill
200
topic frequent
ar
70
70r
0rv
7 5 1
2
ies per
10
to
lo
1990
10
to
1989
CEST
CEIMIRN
cent
CETIIK
nitai
total
nirt KITAI
airt
1909
1969
2
5
3
10
5
51
1
9
12
39
19
9
13
5
16
7
11
20
0
10
32
92
46
12
2
5
10
1
4
28
14
10
18
is
25
33
48
34
01
201
1
441
12
16
iga4 t
164
23 9 t
90
97 ov
D
in each major LDS publication
190
1900
1960
10
lo
199
0
0
0
200
5
decade
so
190
19
10
to
1979
50af
0f
7
69
FIDELITY
1910
10
to
lo
1919
century
1909
14
summary
graph s
summar table and graphs
6
FMEM
RSKI
RSM
0
16
6 9ac
9c
13
CR
1
2
3
1
0
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10
10
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1
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20
15
10
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10
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40
1
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70
70s
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60
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1
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FHEM
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14
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30
25
0
200
4
0
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00
to
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1901
ivo
190
igles
19301
190
19405
7
9
10
18
4
13
11
omes
lonien
OMEN
4
1
12
1
men
wn and
omen
RSKI CR FRM
had aai
FRNI FHEM
available
aal lable RSM
19501
19701
fry
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19605
19909
igol
CENTURN
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190
5
32
39
162
16
12
cesti
155
244
in35
35
32
35
9
169
Comp
RSM did
comrwnson
KRKI
come
companion
and nim
compnion
MIM
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RSKI
RSM MIRM
MPM
39
13 WOMEN
25
10
to
lo
omen
men
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MEN
16
80s
19105
1910
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3
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46
01
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men
FHENI
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wn had available
aall
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sail AbIC MPM
gin
9li
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80
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i
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50
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29
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13 12
12
5
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4
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4
loy
lot
ZOS
IN
aos
so
gos
70s
80s
1960s
190
19 SOS
figure
190
1960
19
1900
1980
IP
10
10
to
10
10
1929
199
1939
1949
199
1969
19m
10
to
19
19199
199
1989
1919
FO
0
0
0
2
2
4
8
3
1
1
3
3
12
3
1
1
0
6
0
0
4
16
2
299
27
2
7
9
3
11
17
8
11
21
10
88
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
5
10
19
2
10
13
5
17
19
20
47
338
1
171
766
299
11 7
227 5
22 2
igno
igo
1910
190
10
to
1909
10
10
to
lo
1919
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
i
1940
1910
RSM
MPM
CR
FIRM
FRM
or CENT
cest
igo
1930
igo
1900
190
FHEKI
FHEM
70
0
1IINSTRIUCTIC
OR
M RRIA GE instructions
MARRIAGE
NSFFOR
NSTR
7th
ath
century
ranking
raikifi
summary table and graphs
7
58
122
7
5 8
1
1
9 9
2
per
E
deade
decade
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delade
topic frequencies
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PAPKI
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D eenn je
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of0tcurrenie FO orthis
ofthis
risen
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rilen
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women had wai
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le RSM
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mal
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19105
2
10
2
7
MEN
19005
1900
SOMEN
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E
1930
19409
1940
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19609
1900
10
4
11
18
12
4
17
19
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17
10
10
IH
11
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2
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4
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306
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17
26
14
16
31
36
1
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18 19
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1
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aed
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266
36
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144
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44
11
1
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190
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lonien
MEN
turr
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19 ai
0i
1901
44
1960s
8
1970s
12
L
8eae3
CA
19
05
1930s
7-
figure
711
BAS
OF ALL
SOCIE
ALU
FA MILY BASIS
FAMILY
basl ISSOF
alm SOCIETY
socle TY
8th
8lh
ath
century
19ou
l9no
lano
10
to
1909
1910
10
to
1919
192
190
FHEM
0
0
0
RSKI
RSM
KIPM
MPM
CR
R
F
FRM
0
0
1
1
0
1
ranking
1
1940
10
to
0
0
0
0
0
3
7
0
0
1
007V
cest
OF CLNT
CENT
igo
190
1930
1910
10
to
1919
199
TOTAL
1I
sumar
sumrrlary
summary
ta ble and graphs
iary table
8
2
10
to
1929
199
10
to
1959
1949
1970
10
to
1960
10
to
1969
1900
1990
10
to
1989
19
1919
1999
CCNTT
com
centt
R1
k1
ka
I TOTAL
fu
6
1
9
6ax
6x
1
5
14
94
91
7
4
0
0
0
0
5
0
6
11
7
14
6
211
29
19
107
0
0
0
1
14-
1
8
4
8
7
18
is
7
332
2
37
39
6
5 2
6
9
0 97
20
av
14 2
24
2v
4 6 t
46
1
per
decade
delade
cres
deade
frequencies
topic
Freuen
topil
m
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tor
ID
IDE
in
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lash major LDS publication
inelauh
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8
11
0
4
0
FMEM
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0
M
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12
el
S
80
1
1
153
3h
ah
25
70
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t
CR
44
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25
20
15
10
h
u
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5
n
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10
0
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tom
ton
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TO
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70 per deade
1I
r
37
40
as
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322
30
25
1I
600i
ai
ccnur
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39
a
sov
SOS
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40
30
0
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I1
L
9
as
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80
80s
70s
of FO
f0
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fl
fh
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Public
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alion
FHEM
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F RJM
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8
RSKI
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91
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1
T
i
18
20
15
r
8
10
1
01
0
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7
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r
4
5
7
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i
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60
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gos
80
70s
comp
genjcr Com
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panson
comparison
ofoourrerne
ofoourrenie
inson of frequencies of
men had available
KIPM CR FRM FHEM
FHFNI
mtilahle MPM
100
loo
19005
19103
1921
1911
igo
19105
190
MEN
1
3
7
7
momen
vomes
VOMEN
1
4
8
7
D
E
Q
MEN
70
701
1
FO of this topic
to
lo men and women
topil taught 10
k omen had aar
women
RSM CR FRM FHEM
lable RSNI
available
abr
aai
19101
19701
igol
19101
19601
centory
century
1901
19803
CCFTUKY
CENTOKY
1960
ivol
190
7
14
30
36
139
34
OMEN
37
3637
16
r
10
37
27
7
18
33
comparison of RSKI
RSM und
and
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PI
34 33
27
RSKI MPM
RSM
KIPM
7
rn
0erI
ae
3
1
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4
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7
r
s
1
7
7
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005
1
1
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40
7
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11
50
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1
7
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6
5
5
1
i
ri
18
14
142
14
70s
j
80s
2
km H
1960s
r
lic
lii
B
0
70s
1970s
ft
1980
I1
C-
figure 9 summary table and graphs
9th
ath
century
Raj
rajkin
kin
ranking
rabkin
ralkin
raikin
rai
t
motherhood
WOMANHOOD ROLE OF
19so
10
to
igi
1960
191
1939
1940
10
to
1949
1959
99
0
0
0
11
3
7
0
1
0
0
3
3
191
igl
1900
1969
10
19
1970
10
to
1919
199
igo
1910
1980
190
10
to
1989
1919
199
0
0
4
1
5
2
9
14
15
13
74
51
0
0
0
2
4
5
1
12
8
2
1
5
4
13
5
36
2
2
0
0
5
17
17
8
11
3
14
0
20
2N
38
29
44
144
118
5 6
56
76
26
2644
20
201I
301
igo
ign
191
190.00
10
to
1910
1930
1919
190
1910
10
to
1919
19
19
199
FHEM
0
0
RSM
NIPM
MPM
CR
FRNI
FRM
0
4
2
TOTAL
4
10
288
OF CLVT
t
722
11 80
10
F
topic frelpiencies
ies per decade
elpi edules
frr&queocies
LDSS publication
maj
MHJ orld
in each major
it
2
D
1
10
to
at
9t
9977
rt
FHEM
FXEM
13
1399
ahi
ani
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RSKI
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CENTIIRY
CLRIRY
EN
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12
FPNI
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a
144
p
R
1
1
122
100
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1
6
i
i
L
4
2
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total
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Is
as
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40.
40
uJ
11
ac
7c
25
1
1
1
s
70
1
80
80s
FHENI
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3
ax
1x
CR
20
1
puhan
puhln
puhlnation
pubbation
publ
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of FO b Pub
atlon
alion
batlon
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1
29
30
1
1
FRNI
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35
t
1
gos
60
centern
centurn
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38
40
I R
1
t1
ree
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i
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1
i
1I
1
1
1
1
0
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a
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8
ts
i
17
20
14
15
RSKI
11
8
10
4
5
7
0
DO
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20s 30s
10
a
40
MPM
1h
ah
3
J
50
SOs
lov
lav
8
gos 70s
70
gov
lov
80
gender Corn
panson of frequencies of occurrence FO of this
comparison
topil taught to men and
tins topic
omen
ornen
women
RSNI CR FIRM
omen had aal
able RSM
ahle
FRM
available
asail lable
firn FHEM
aai
men had available
MPM CR FRM
FPM FHEM
labie NIPM
lame
laHe
avi
aai lable
asi
19001
19105
19201
190
19309
1910
19405
1940
195k6
195ir
1960
19
0
1908
19008
igo
igo
ivo
1980
190
MEN
4
6
5
4
1
5
6
2233
16
70
k ont
ONI
EN
onen
OMEN
4
16
8
11
3
14
18
34
24
132
MEN
RSM1 MPM
NIPM
RSN
34
18
16
24
00
4
6
6
20s
30s
40s
4
13
15
13
NO
elx
esl
1
4
3
AH
IN
16
14
L
1
23
4
CENTURY
mt
companion off RSM md
eod nii
oad
ead
nil KI
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wes
50
60
706
80s
1960s
1970s
it
1
25
25x
30tt
CR
16
b
3
2 330
0
1
a
TCTTAL
TUTAL
TOTAL
19 05
figure
pra
PRAYER
RAYER
pri
ER
loth
century
R
aanki
R
nk innjg
ranking
rankl
summary table and graphs
10
AND
PERSonal and
ANE FAMILY
FAM ILY
PERSONAL
lly
igei
ign
19
1910
910U
190
1910
glo
910
10
to
10
0
10
to
1909
1919
vig
919
199
10
to0
1919
1939
gig
919
1940
10
to0
1949
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
0
0
0
1
FHEKI
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
PM
MPM
ni
CR
FIRM
FRM
5
5
0
6
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
5
6
7
1 5
35
4 Z
42
4 9
49
2 8
1IIOFCEST
OF cena
CENT
73
1970
970
ccrmry
ccntrry
1979
979
1980
10
to
0
1989
10
16
7
33
2
0
5
16
11
7
8
6
6
21
15
12
13
64
45
6
1960
to0
1969
199
99
0
0
0
0
6
10
to
0
5
0
2
8
4
9
8
28
41
34
142
14
28
6633
566
19
1977
1889
28
9
23
2399
339
D
0
FMCM
frem
0
RSISI
RSM
EJ
LJ
nfpm
sfpm
16
igl
igi
2
IM
CR
26
FRNI
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F
14
12
au
10
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F
8
r
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11
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n
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6
34
287
35
as
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FHEKI
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t
21
28
30
25
K
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15
1015
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ill
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7
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4
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j
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SO
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701
706
KI
PM
MPM
15 1
gos
gender Com
ifo of this topic taught
pamon
comparison
namon
ramon of frequencies of occurrence FO
men had aar
FIRM
KIPM CR FRM
lable MPM
available
flum FHEM
aai
19003
19001
1910s
19201
19104
ma
m0
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194i
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MEN
5
5
6
3
7
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6
7
4
9
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8
21
36
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5
6
6
7
3
4
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i
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0
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18
128
ll
11
121
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9
8
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n
128
18
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g
t
fe
0
80s
W
1960
6
6
5
11
6
hf
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m
28
i
gos
8
7
8
fl
B 1I M
EN
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40
l
RSM MPM
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Q
5
men
nen and lomen
komcn
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komen
omen
nom
noo
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aad
ud KGAI
1
17
to
it
women had
FRNI FHEM
RSM CR FRM
FHBI
hd as aliane RSNI
igol
19803
century
iho
961
19601
CENTURN
1901
rENTI
110
cesti
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8
s
28
36
126
1I28
ei VOMEN
lomen
lonien
MEN
RSKI
RSM
8
jf
odd al
6
5
1
gri
sri ssi
ti
1970s
19os
1
isk
istt
1
5
i
223
3
6
1
TUTAL
FO
8
3
Frei
Fre
fretquencie per decade
topic frequencies
publication
in each major LDS Publia
tion
1910
10
to
&
B fe
s
198
1980sS
figure
lith
summary table and graphs
I111I1
management
MONEY
11 th
century
1900
10
to
lo
1909
110
1910
ilo
iio
10
to
igo
1920
190
1919
FHEKI
FHEM
0
0
199
0
RSNII
RSM
5
1
NIPM
MPM
0
0
0
0
CR
10
4
15
FRM
0
0
TOTAL
10
ranking
cest
OF C
ewi
CENT
ezi
7 2
6
t
74
igo
19
1910
1900
10
to
1910
10
to
1939
1940
10
to
1949
1910
10
to
1959
1960
10
to
1969
199
0
0
0
1
4
1
7
3
15
11
11
12
11
6
65
0
0
3
6
13
47q
47
9
91
4
1
1
3
4
8
so
50
16
0
0
0
1
3
1I
5
4
9
16
13
4
17
20
24
5
11 S- T
9944 it
14 4
17 3
10
to
frttqueoues
topic frexpen
les per decade
ies
ID
in each major LDS publication
D
9
at
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1
2
12
27
FMEM
FHEM
CIENMIRY TOTAL
TOTAI
faFf0
0
26
ig
18 7
D
MPM
WKI
RSKI
RSM
1980
10
to
1919
1989
4
139
2
CR
10
as
70s
0s
80s
80
22
FIRM
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igi
16
14
12
10
8
661
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i
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25
20
4
4
CR
17
16
16
13
10
0
FHENI
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1
5
puhljcadon
of FO b pubbcation
26
24
10
gos
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L
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471
K IPN 1I
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gender
FO of this topic
gendcrcornpanson
companion of frequencies ofotturrence
topil taught to men and women
oolurrence ifoofthis
epe
ailhlt
men had
FHEKI
FRM FHEM
MPM CR FPKI
ava
sva
hod aNa
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dable
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1930
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m
lvios
15
4
10
6
MEN
11
9
10
OKIEN
16
OMEN
N
N
women had available RSM
RSNI CR FRM
FRNI FHENI
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igno
19601
century
1960
CENTURI
ios
19801
19805
TirR
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19ss
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ls
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194101
9
1
12
15
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21
20
126
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1
4
17
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Com
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9
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504
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1
L
A
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11
12
4
oo
00.
00
12
15
7
9
18
17
gos
80s
.0
0
L
A
2
1960s
6
3
1970s
970s
1980s
figure
575
ATHERHOOD
HERH OOD ROLEEOF
FAT
OF
fatherhood
12di
12th
century
ranking
rank
in g
t
surmmary
summary
ancj graphs
T abid
many table
abie
able and
graph S
12
19
1989
1909
wf
FO
2
10
1
13
10
lo0 it
2
i
5
4
8
3
223
177
0
0
8
11
4
14
5
0
3
7
7
2
22
8
34
544
40 4
0
0
0
0
1
3
5
11
8
4
3
4
9
23
so
50
36
135
300044
2 1
2q
22
300
6677
17 0
170
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10
to
1919
igo
1920
190
10
to
lo
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0
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RSM
KI
PNI
MPM
CR
FRNI
FRM
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
I
TOTAL
t
0
1930
10
to
lo
1939
1940
10
to
lo
1949
1950
10
to
lo
1959
19s9
1960
10
lo
1969
190
0
0
0
3
1
1
0
3
3
1
4
1
2
yj
aj
1
1929
ivr
ivi
199
300 t
1
5
15 Z
OF CENT
3
3
per
decade
topic fretpienciei
tencie
freitfdcie
frei
frel
puhbcktion
puhljcrtion
in each major
moj or LDS pu
maj
b6cettion
25
j
io
9g0
kiteu
igou
1900
10
to
lo
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3
a
FHENI
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RSM
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too
1979
199
o
10
0
t
37 0
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D
0
26
a
enn
QT AL
C
TOTAL
EN R it if T
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fl
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i
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r
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1
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36
30
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companion
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ifo of this topic taught too men and women
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women
FRJKI
men had abailable
MPKI CR PRM
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frakt
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aliail able
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0
1900
MEN
women
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F
2V
igloi
19101
igo
1920
190
ign
19101
19404
1910
19505
19605
19
1909
igo
1900
1980
4
4
0
3
7
18
46
288
4
3
3
4
9
15
is
39
21
fc
90
CENTUR
CEUR
11
112
101
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E
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lomen
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1
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14
I1
39
it1
4
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005
00
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ej
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4
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0
3
3
4
9
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r
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30s
7
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gos
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ri
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me
M
LN
80s
1960s
1970
19805
f gure
figure
century
1900
10
to
1904
1909
R
a ruk in
ranking
RSM
KIPM
MPM
CR
k1
ka
FR
FRM
TOTAL
cr
10
to
1929
199
0
0
0
0
0
0
0000
00
OF CENT
iglo
1910
1930
10
to
1939
19
1920
10
1910
10
to
1919
0
0
0
0
0
0
FHEM
F
fori
76
parels
SKILLS
TEACHING
TE ACHI
JLLS FORF
barels TS
FORPARENTS
achl NGSK
13th
13di
1
suma
sumjmary tabie
summary
ano
ancj graph
T able and
graphs S
table
13
1940
10
to
1949
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
6
0
0
155
0000
1
Fr
decode
frepie
topic frealuencies
epic
ies per decade
epie rn les
frecie
13
lit
befth
ill
in ex
majo r LDS publication
efthh major
too
1919
199
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
127
17
2
pfpkf
nfpm
i
140
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
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1
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30
0
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1
127
134
300
95
2 14
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M
1
a
i
120
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i
80
i
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i
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i
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i
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los
ios
OOs
40s
40
30
20
503
50
170
total igo
TO per delmn
140
FO
4
0 7 1X
07
94 89
tio
CENT
CL
rotl
lIO
cest
rftl TOTAL
centeio
centlio
1
127
RSM
1980
10
to
1989
to
1979
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
FHEM
igo
190
1960
10
to
1969
19m
19 SO
70s
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century
c
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of FC
b
127
1
80.
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pubb
pubbcation
bubb cation
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100
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9
or
60
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0
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0
0
00
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ook
0
20z
20s 30
30s
0
0
H
40c
40s
SO
50
gov
gos
60
1
FFRM
RM
4
95
70
gos
bos
CiL
gender compancn
cic currence FO
cn of frequencies of
ifo of this topic
cornp3mon
ofoicurrence
cilcurrence
Compan
men had amr
women
amigable
FHENI
FRNI
CR
FHEM
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had
lable MPM
nvailahic
NIM
amilable
aar
ami
nta
nia
MEN
OMEN
lonien
D
oman
taught to men and komcn
omcn
koman
RSM CR FIRM
viehle
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kith
vilhlele RSNI
liln
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j9k
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191 j
igi
iglo
1910
iii
lii
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19-
190
19103
19405
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IMS
190
19605
1960
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
igo
ivo
ivos
190
19gu
198u5
127
1
4
134
127
1
4
134
compiniuo
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1
1717
1271 27
CENTUR
jid
of RSM and
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ml
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0
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30
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0
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1
1
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1
1
4
bog
bos
4
0
0
1960s
960
0
0
1970s
1910
0
0
1980s
1930s
figure
77
ETC
consideration
190
irso
14th
14di
century
summary table and graphs
14
1920
ivo
iio
10
to
1929
199
1910
1930
10
to
lo
1939
1940
10
to
1949
1930
1950
10
to
lo
1959
1960
10
to
1969
19
1970
1919
1909
1910
10
to
1919
FF EM
FHEM
0
0
0
0
0
RS M
RSM
0
1
2
1
2
0
0
nna
M1 PKI
PM
0
0
2
CR
CF
3
0
0
0
FRRJK
F
IM1I
1I
1
0
0
0
0
0
TO TAL
TOTAL
4
2
4
32
1900
10
to
lo
ranking
cnt
3 2q
OF
OFFENT
CWT
16
3
per
res
topm
topin frequencies
en
frequeniies
decade
ies
toam
fredi
freii enies
Public stio
in
maj or LDS publication
alio
ine
lnebah
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K
khh major
9 0
19ko
1
10
to
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10
1919
199
1999
6
18
4
11
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7
0
10
4
4
0
1
0
1
3
0088
2 4
24
D
A
13
EM
FMEM
1
CENTTIRS
CENMIRI TOTAL
TOTAI
FUI
22
6
28
34
2
12
9
5
211
17
3
6
8
20
16
4
30
47
30
125
3321 t
24 offt
0
37 661
R
RSKI
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24
24001
140
D
E
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19
18
99
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201
20
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s
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0
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iss
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FO per
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i
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h
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publication
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g
30
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i
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i
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17
27
1
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gos 70
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gos
1
nonnen
occurrence foofthistopi
FO of this topn
gender coinp3nisonoffrequcmies
honnen
konnen
omcn
taught to men and oman
comparison of frequencies of ofoccurrcnce
toan taughttomenand
women had aavailable RSM CR FRM FHEM
men had mar
front FHEM
froni
mariable
wai
bar lable MPM CR FRUNI
ign
1930
iglo
19205
1910
19k
2
4
0
MEN
1
owen
OKIEN
OMEN
4
D
2
2
1
9jo
ajo
940
19401
195u1
19su1
19601
1
4
3
4
OMEN
monien
0okien
hokien
MEN
century
CENTURN
0080
19
1909
37
23
91
20
43
24
103
companiooof
RSM MPKI
41
RSKI
andhfiki
37
10
10
23 24
19 20
7
6
181
bir
2
OOs
10
2
ia
lov
lok
20
0
I
1
101
0
aos
4
4
3
1
115
kis
sis
F
SOS
X
nos
bov
60
70s
bov
80
iol
1960
1970s
1980s
figure
15th
century
ivyl
1901
1900
ranking
10
to
lo
1910
10
to
lo
1920
ivo
190
10
to0
lo
1909
1919
1
0
0
0
fhelt
FHEKI
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
NI
PKI
MPM
CR
FRM
TOTAL
cest
sest
TOGE THEP
togetherness
ther NESS
1940
10
to
1949
19 SO
19so
139
199
129
1930
10
to
1939
199
0
0
0
3
5
0
2
0
0
6
4
8
7 5
75
CENT
OF CEVT
summary table and graphs
15
r
78
90
193
19
1910
1900
1959
199
1960
0
to
0
1919
0
to
0
9799
19
1979
1980
10
to
1989
0
0
a8
6
10
20
3
5
124
2
7
10
34
37
0
0
5
0
8
8
1
2
3
1
1
11
110110 1
0
0
0
0
3
1
1
3
0
1
16
15
IS 1 x
7
6
3
7
5
19
19
32
6 61
6
66
5 7T ti
57
T
17 at
9
179
9t
17 9
179
30 2
yoi
302
1
ti
at
6t
666
2 8 ti
28
ffequerkies
ffequ eakies
topic frequence
frequenje
erkies per decade
pubin allon
bab
alion
atlon
Public
in eab
bai
MHJOF
MHJ or LDS publicalio
alio
atio
atlo
erb major
D
11
10
4 17
IM1
FMFM
0
RSM
MPKI
MPM
E
D
cen
cer
CL
R
CLR
RY
Y
R
ALL
ta
to
t1ral
t
FO
1
35
as
8s
106
69
11
FPNI
FRM
CR
20
155
10
5
n
0r
A
R
1
loy
101
iov
loh
00
OOS
fl
ra
as
0s
30
30s
20
lon
ion
40
40s
J
gon
gos
as
0s
SOS
tolai FO per decade
total
centur
centar
ctniur
tniur
35
L
alj
rlj B w
1
s
I
1
as
80.
bov
0s
80
lov
70s
publication
pijblnalion
publitation
h Pub
of FO abn
litation
bn
32
FRNI
30
FHEKI
32
2s
2i
ai
19
20
CR
19
10
15
is
MPM
8
1
10
7
7
6
3
5
RSM
35
0
OOs
20s
20 jos
loh
los
10
yos gos 70s
70
40s
40
80
gender Com
to
konnen
omen
kornen
hornen
pamson of frequencies of 0curten
lo men and nonnen
panson
oi currence
comparison
curreniec FO of this topic taught 10
A
men
kienhndadd&tlenipm
ven had
FRM FHENI
RSM CR FRKI
ornen
FHEM
FRM FHEM
FHENI
omen had aavailable RSKI
kob available MPM CR FRKI
kod
hod
womtnhad
ivo
EN
MEN
omes
NOKIEN
OMEN
19205
igo
190
19105
1910
19okl
190
8
4
11
8
7
6
0 MEN
el
0
1903
igo
190
19105
iglo
1910
19401
1940
19509
1950
19601
0
2
3
17
1
1
12
11
1
122
69
3
7
5
16
14
32
98
19801
igro
1980
CENTUR
compwisoo
compiniuo of RSM gid
MPM
and
end
uld MPKI
ENJ
OKI
OMEN
ont
oni
omes
1I
I1
epe
KIPKI
RSM MPM
10
0
32
17
8
8
LL
004
oot
7
ae
1e
10
o
7
6
0
0
3
0
EU
EMC
fmc
30s
40s
3
16
mwtiiia
sos
gos
14
1
70s
in
J
bos
7
3
2
0
1960s
1970s
1980s
1
C-
figure
titxj
biod
tiod
igol
1611
igli
century
summary table and graphs
16
PARE NTS
OF PARENTS
EX u1pl eof1
EXAMPLE
190
igro
1980
198k
to0
1960
10
to
10
to
199
1969
1979
10
to
1989
1
1
2L
4
4
1
5
3
13
13
4
7
0
13
13
8
7
11
5
53
55q
55
2
1
5
0
3
14
14
2
10
9
18
is
24
13
97
21
10
1033
93
18 6
IS
124
14 7
13 4
IM
1919
1940
10
to
1949
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
21
0
0
0
0
9
4
2
1
2
1
0
0
11
6
4
igo
1920
190
1910
10
to
1929
199
10
1909
1910
10
to
1919
FHENI
FHEM
0
0
RSKI
RSM
0
0
1900
10
to
ranking
rank
ing
PKI
MPM
ni
CR
FRIA
FRM
frid
TOTAL
CENT
1 OF C
ENT
est
3
11
6622
ir
4
2
1I
breque
freque
freqiienciei
decade
de- ade
ncies per dekade
ocies
pubbcation
IDE
majo r LDS public
in
eah
atlon
alion
allon
inebah
lne
ah major
top
topi
eoff
i
79
0
6
1
D
FHEKI
FHEM
9
RSKI
RSM
f
0
mym
wim
MPM
MIM
century
CENTURA
CENTVR
FO
55
1
sa
s3
CR
TOTAL
FRM
12
r10
na
n1
8
6
1
4
n
I
h
1
1
L 1si
ICT
1
fl
L AL
L
0
OC s
oos
fo-
tot
total
toi
toil
l
25
t
10
los
1
1
aos
40
30s
20
pe r decade
tad
dekade
de iad
7
gos
50s
50
centur
centar
cenlur
24
FHENI
FHEM
10
0
10
6
5
0
OOs
ook
00
L
4
1
2
r
20
1
20s 30s
30
10
lox
los
gos 70s
sos
sok gox
don
dos
17
M
iidN
k
9
RSKI
RSM
10
fai
fatfii
ait
13
80s
80
70s
14
15
I
pihl cation
of FFO b publication
ac
7c
18
10
20
4 a1
1
FRM
11
r
KIPM
5
R
CR
56
80s
FO of
gender Com
nkorrien
comparison
panson
this topic taught too men and Nk
orrien
nanson of frequencies of occurrence IFO
othis
RSKI CR FRM FHEM
men had
komcn
koman
FRM FHEM
omen had available
FHENI
hod madamempni
franf
franl
nsailaut MPM CR FRJKI
aa dable RSM
0
igo
190
19klv
190in
19101
19201
KIEN
MEN
lien
llen
11
5
4
VOMEN
ONIEN
11
II
6
19uq
igo
19u
19408
1940
1950
196us
960i
1905
19gul
1
8
9
17
19
10
84
10
9
14
17
13
84
1
1
k
lii AOMEN
ili
OMEN
113
N
MEN
compwsoo of
NIPM
19
17
1
14
10
8
RSKI
kip1
kipa
RSM
17
B
13
4
10
9
9
CENTUR
3
6
w
M
r
lasij
lsij
00
IN
4
qh
ah
2
1
I1
1
11
1I
F
kii a
20
20s
i
F
F
tass
tsss
10
10s
1
40s
40
x
L
50
gos
gol
60
i
70s
0
bos
1960
19- 0
1980
c
figure
summary table and graphs
17
80
tied
HONESTY
16th1
16th
century
19r0
19n
ranking
1920
190
iglo
1910
190
10
to
lo
1910
10
to
lo
10
to
1909
1919
FHEM
F EM
0
0
RS M
RSKI
0
0
NI
1919
199
1960
10
to
lo
19ft9
1969
igo
igno
1910
190
to
1919
1979
0
0
4
8
3
is
15
1
0
2
6
17
18 1
1910
191
10
to
lo
igi
1929
199
1939
liv
199
1949
0
0
10
to
lo
9 U
19su
1
c TR TOTAL
CIENIIIRI
10
lo
1
fo-
1909
1999
lbs
lle
ist
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
5
8
8
3
4
4
5
2
10
7
12
3
50
52
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
1
1
7
3
5
4
9
7
11
17
23
18
97
3311
5
52
441
9933
7 2
17
1755
23
3377
2237
19
1866
PM
CR
CF
FR M
FRM
TO TAL
TOTAL
tab
OF CENT
igl
1940
10
lo
1
1
ittle
title
F regen
toptle
decade
delade
topic
ie per de
lie
tie fre4fiem
cies
rewen cles
lles
regencies
publicalloo
EJKIh major LDS pubill
pibil
Public atlon
in
alloo
alion
ine
lneea
el
q
1
3
11
9
FH
FMEM
EM
mym
myn
KEPKI
MPM
M
RSM
ilg
11
1
5t
at
7
55
not
0 FRKI
13
R
C
CR
12
1
10
8
i
6
1
4
i
s
7
211
1
L
0
L
afis
LLM
oon
oo
OOs
00.
00
1
20s
20
iov
lov
los
lol
iol
c
of FO
23
1
70
bov
60
bos
50s
50
century
ccnlur
1
ri
1
40
30s
per
decade
total TO
70
25
naj
nrj
i
7
jj
1
b
80s
punj
puklbatlon
puhl
pubbation
Pub
alion
bation
frat
FIRM
FRAI
flum
FHENI
7
20
18
17
15
9
10
0
5
3
5
F
1
1
1
lj
L
7
0f
af
0 DULJ
oon
OOs los
00
ios
20
J
yov
yos
30
rJL
7
40
506
50
RSM1
k
r
1
15
18
nt
55
swan
saan
vyjk
vajk
K
CR
L
gos
go
60.
60
MPNI
MPM
1
52
8
11
70s
1
80s
10
companson
to men and women
gender Coni
Com
panson
companion
conipinson
conl
les
ies of occurrence FO of this topic taught lo
frcuenics
pinson of frcqucn
vom
dable
dahle
danle RSM CR FIRM
lom
men had &ailithickipm
FHENI
kom n had aa
anle
able
ahle
womin
FRM FHEM
asailahle
bomin
asail
asailahic MPM CR FRM FHEM
aadahle
19mi
19wi
19105
1910
iglo
igo
19204
190
19301
iglo
1930
19409
90
19sos
19so
19603
190
goi
1903
igloi
19803
MEN
3
4
4
5
4
10
17
21
1
12
80
omes
onen
OKIEN
OMEN
3
5
4
9
7
11
14
23
13
89
D
ED
MEN
compnsoo
comppoo
poo
Comp noo
doo
ONI
WOMEN
ohi
21
14
ft4
ftc
9
os
E
P
LSn
3
L
OOs
00s
3
4
tl
10
10
10s
as
200s
1
s
M la
v
4
4
M
30
30s
40s
1
N
sos
50
sob
nd
and
IIM
K fim M
6
1
y
7
cof RSKI
RSM
y
H
1y
1i
N
17
9
NT U R 1I
CE
CENTURV
KIPKI
RSM MPM
21
4
90i
gos
13
1
P
3
1 1
70 s
bos
S
so
0
1960s
1970s
1970.
1970
s
i
19305
I1
figure
fi gure
summary table and graphs
18
HEALTH HYGIENE ETC
18th
century
igol
1900
1901
ranking
190
10
to
19og
19t9
1910
10
to
1919
FHEM
0
RSM
KI
PKI
MPM
CR
FRM
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
cest
rest
000
0 if
OF CENT
10
igo
190
10
to
199
1970
to0
19
191979
0
0
0
0
4
11
3
1
10
1
3
0
4
2
4
1
2
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
6
0
13
9
16
8
1
23
10
9999
17
1766
11
25 3
1929
199
1940
10
to
1949
0
0
0
10
4
1
14
10
iq
88 i
0
1
4
I1
FMEM
IMEM
H
RSKI
RSM
8
1
1I
s
s
11
1
M
s
S
20s
per
perddelade
eai
elal FO perc
tc3lal
total
ehi e
1 1
sos
aos
30
1
1
c
23
1
14
15
0
7
8
11
91
1
0
1
n
80s
80
70
70s
publ ciilion
of FO b pubbcation
8
is
11
10
MPM
NMI
lop
0
101
8
00
1
t fc
j
P
li
L
JL
sos
sok bos 70s
40s
RSKI
RSM
63
17
yos
20s 30
iok
lok
FRNI
FRM
i
1
OOs
csc
45
4sc
s
1
L
1
B
15
F
0
1
1I
13
5
10
to
FRNI
FRM
16
10
9
1
aT
bog
bos
60
centur
centar
cenlur
20
9
63
6
CR
1
U
CR
15
57
1
PA
L
3
10
ios
los
OOs
dos
4
11
1
1
n
i
0
1
FU
Ss
6
2
TOTAL
4
12
1
t
4
1989
center
nis
cewnix
CENTUR
CEK
1
P
10
10
0
MPM
12
12i
1
0
11
j
9 0i
1980
1960
10
to
1969
1910
10
to
19
1939
dell je
topic frequewe
equtenues
denues per delade
fr egut
pubin etli
LDS5 nbillittion
itli on
in eacer
major
eachr
arlds
allds
eachmajon
25
81
80 s
80s
10
ofolcurtcnce FO cifthis
gender Corn
to men and women
of this topic
frequencies
panson of fre
topil taught lo
comparison
qucncies of occurrence
women had as aailahlc
men had available MPM
MPKI CR FRM FHEM
ailahle RSM CR FRM FHEM
FHBI
MEN
nomen
komen
19806
11
5
34
19
10
11
82
19101
19201
19305
19409
19501
19605
0
0
3
5
5
5
0
12
a
13
8
1
el
h ONA
ond E N
oha
cotripmrisoo of itam
itsm
19
kfpl
ud kapl
RSM NIPM
12
13
12
century
CENTURN
1903
0
1900s
EJ MEN
FI
10
11
10
9
8
6
011
n
3
0
00
4
n01
0
1
11
11
tos
tos
30
aos
0
SOS
0
1.1
1
60
70s
gos
SOS
bos
1960
0
0
1970s
1980s
1
figure
summary table and graphs
19
tied
19th
19di
century
rmikinng
rank
raikin
10
to
i
EDI
EDUCATION
edtUCAT ION
lon
glo
igro
90
iglo
1910
191o
190
199
82
1910
910
10
to0
1919
919
10
to
19
1929
0
0
190
19 10
10
to0
949
1949
1950
igo
190
10
to
1959
199
1960
10
to
1969
90
199
99
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
4
4at
3
1
7
5
12
38
43J
0
0
3
0
2
5
6
1930
10
to
1939
199
194
1940
940
igo
1910
190
to0
ivro0
nry
10
to
1909
1989
CEN
CEII
ces
CENTTIRY
RIRY
CENHRY
HRY
TOTAL
TOTAI
FO
1rI
4t
0
0
0
1
i
9
0
0
CR
FRM
frant
I1
1
i
10
1
3
3
8
3
2
32
366
1
i
0
0
1
2
i
3
1
0
10
111
TOTAL
3
3
19
1
7
6
21
1
12
17
89
144
21 3
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
na
n1
PKI
MPM
1
at
4t
13 4
OF CENT
11I it
mje
ade
topbic
frequencies
5ic frequ
topic
eade
encies per Cdedeade
freau enches
13
dh
pubiwation
publicalion
publication
liLal
Public
iOD
lical
in
or LDS pub
major
lilaliod
atlon
alion
allon
lon
ion
ine
lnemch
sch maj
fah
9
7
1
1
6
0
FMEM
FHEM
133
223
7
RSM
6
0
19
9
13 5
11
MPM
WKI
qA
1
1
0
CR
12
121
4
42
FRM
i
10
ire
tri
iri
8
P
1
r
1
s
6
t
&
1
4
i
i
IL
L
LIT
2
I
001
as
ION
10
0s
lon
los
00
lo
OOS
40s
an
4n
as
0s
30s
20s
gos
as
0s
50s
50
matje
perddelude
FO per
xftde
decade
tota
total
tola
25
H
u
if r
114
s
cent
centur
centar
ur
ceni
cenlur
c
pubin
publ iaallon
of FO byy pubhlation
atlon
alion
ilion
FHEM
HEM
RUN
ruh 1I
F
FRM
19
20
11
17
s
F
15
12
7
edh
aih
eil
3
3
rn
CE
los los
ios
IN
0
OOs
X
ON
as
5s
s
10
5
n
as
0s
bos
70s
1
21
1
1
30s
CR
CR
36
6
FLJHH
jhn
dnn
40
40s
SO
gos
60
t
AA
1
70s
y
s
1
RSKJ
RSN
43
MPM
6
80
occurrence FO of this topic
cornpanon
gender compan
on of frequemics
Corn
panon
les
ies of ofocciirrcncc
frcquern
frcqucni
tonn taught to men and k omen
women
men had wadahle
MPKI CR PRM
FHEKI
RSKI CR FRM FHEM
FRM FHEM
anle RSM
ahle
omen had available
avail able
vilnhle MPM
gog
vgo
19
as0s
goi
mus
19005
19405
1910s
1930
1960
990
19801
1970s
nos
nus
980
190i
ccivtiry
mwurr
90
90i
MEN
WOMEN
vomes
VOMEN
3
2
10
1
4
5
14
7
5
51
3
3
19
1
7
6
18
1
12
15
84
F
19
is
RSM MPM
15
14
10
5
oos
10
20s
7
7
6
FRI
cri
crl
11
3
3
12
110
7
3
kf uj
mp
compwnsoo
comp
Cump noo
cumpnob
noB of RSM nd KIPIA
L0
0
1
30s
40s
50
60
70s
80s
1960s
19705
1980s
1
1
summary
unary table and graphs
figure 20 Sun
tieni
tied
19th
83
VALAJEO
WORK
OFF
VORK VALUE
century
ranking
1940
10
to
19so
10
to
1960
10
to
1949
19s9
1969
igo
igno
1910
190
10
to
1979
0
0
0
3
6
i
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
1
0
2
N
3
3
3
1
190
10
to
10
to
1919
199
0
0
0
0
1
FHENI
FHEM
RSM
na
n1
PM
MPM
R
C
CR
FR M
FRM
iglo
1910
1930
10
to
1939
199
1910
1900
ivko
10
to
gog
909
4
0
0
0
0
3
4
3
4
41
5 4
12
2
27
1
TOTAL
7
5
cnt
9 sf
95
6 8
68
OF CUSIT
CWT
1
1
per
lop
iop
decade
frequencies
topic
lie
lor
in
MHJOF LDS publication
mch major
ine
lneeach
ioe
8
j
1
4
D
1
tt
q
ea
e3
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9
22q
21
B
RSNI
RSM
FO
6
a8
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24
3
12
16
8
7
33
4455
0
20
to
0
5
21
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0
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1
1
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c
Tr
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1
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198
19899
18
D
NIPM
MPM
centlio
tio
CENT
CENTIIR
lIO TOTAL
centeio
10
to
6
6
17
27
12
igro
1980
mum
HUM
FRM
I1
I1
I1
6
i
5
s
ri
4
3
n
ri
2
fi
0
t
1 l
per
delade
FO
totol
tolm
dead e
told
cen lup
century
lum
25
21
20
20
15
5
rna
rn1
LJLJLL
1l 0
3
3
1
11
al
oon
OOs
log
las 30
iov
lov
P
2
1
r
40
1
t
s
c
sl
gos
80
80s
70s
70
pub
pbblk
batlon
PuO
probation
of
0 f FO hb puobation
alion
alien
bation
7
8
S
m
rsn1
m
lbs
C R
CR
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bov 70s
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i
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7
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r
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4
i
1
SO
50s
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30s
30
20
10
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lov
1
ll n
11 L
1
g
J
oos
00
10
t
16
1
los
gender Com
toph taught to men and vornen
ofoccuftencc
occurtenct FO of this topi
pamon of frequencies of
comparison
k omen hada
FHENI
men haj
FRM FHEM
FHCM
RSM CR FIRM
FRM
MPKI CR FRNI
hird aiiilable
had
bmilahe MPM
hd addable RSNI
firn FHEM
fheo
MEN
SOMEN
ONIEN
lomen
gli
911
19104
igo
190
19405
19405
1941
19509
191
19601
190s
90
lgb
198
19805
5
5
3
3
3
2
6
14
15
56
5
6
3
4
3
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17
15
6
62
CENQ
WHY
CEUKY
T
compensoo of RSM aed
ked W
and
romen
FEEJ MEN
RSNI NIPM
17
is
14
3
6
6
ir
urt
uht
190ls
19nis
3
3
F
ios
los
M
1
20
3
4
2
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3
3
FM F
40
50
7
lt
1
6
m
70
80s
1960s
6
6
1
1
3
MA
killal
billal
1
1
I
im
4a
in aa
1970
I1
1990s
figure
summary table and graphs
21
scipl1INE
DISsciple
discipline
lne
1
221st
st
century
1900
90
10
to
1909
1910
10
to
1919
iq
190
FHENI
FHEM
0
0
RSM
NIPM
MPM
CR
FRM
0
0
TOTAL
APPR opria TE
appropriate
VWISE
VISE
10
to
1929
199
1910
10
to
1939
199
0
84
19
1900
to
1979
1980
1990
10
to
19119
1989
1
7
3
11
13
1
4
14
8
3
32
37
0
0
2
i
3
4
9
10
101
loe
ioe
0
5
4
1
15
17
17c
1
2
2s
5
1
1
0
2
3
4
8
16
27
17
23
34
46
92
18
IS 4
per
frequencies
decade
pren
delade
topic FreA
ies
freatien
tren
Tien
ID
publication
in each
bubb
eadi major LDS pubb
atlon
0
1949
1950
10
to
1959
1960
10
to
1969
0
0
0
0
2s
S
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
5
5
53 7
5 7
57
3 3
1
ranking
1
1
OF CENT
2
1940
10
4 6
3 4
FMEM
FHEM
t
t
M
NTM
0
E
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or
31 O
0 r
total
CEVRIRY TUTAL
fo
21
87
19
1955
1
39
39s
1
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frid
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p
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T
4
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4
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1
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00
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30s
30
50
ade
decade
totol FO
total
70 per de
deade
3
in
pubin
on
atltion
Publiaati
b
FH EM
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131
111
nr
FRNI
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1
13
t
20
17
16
1
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8
5
5
5
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1
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00
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2& 30
lov
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3
R
CR
r
4
1
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177
1
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i
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15
10
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a wt
80
27
25
s
70 s
ur 7 of FO
ceritur
conl
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Cer
30
ss
s
bos
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506
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60
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kim
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70
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s
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ff ri
at
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0
f9
fa
yi
S
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37
NIPM
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10
80
gender companson
Com
panson of frequencies of
comp3mon
companion
topk taught to men and women
komen
topi
of0currcne
oclurtcnc FO of this hopk
women
men had available
FHEM
omen had asmlahic
&ailahlc RSM CR FRM FHEM
KIM CR FRM FHFM
vailable MPM
19401
igo
1940
19
19501
19801
101
iglo
igns
19101
igol
1901
191os
1960
1910
iov
lov
91
1901
ivo
CENTUR
190
190i
bia
lia
KIEN
MEN
nien
klen
k ONI
EN
OMEN
ont
G
el
5
4
1
5
5
3
4
7
12
13
9
55
8
14
24
13
78
oien
olen
aien
5BUOMEN
0ien
MEN
RSKI
companion of RSM
24
RSM MPM
KIPM
1
14
1
12
r
i
F
7
5
L
5
ri
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5
j
rh
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11
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j
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3
3
r
30s
4
CA
40
40s
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r
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ai
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t
1
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tail
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i j
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it
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rw
&
4
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i
bos
19601
S
21
isk
3
v
1970s
1970
sty
ity
its
1I
4
1930
MK-
summ any
ary table and graphs
figure 22 summary
tred
tied
85
forgiveness HEALS relationships
22nd
century
Raji
rajt
ranking
rait king
kinC
igo
1900
10
to
lo
1909
1910
too
1919
1910
190
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
199
igo
iglo
1930
ivo
190
10
to
lo
1919
1940
10
to
lo
1949
igo
iglo
1910
190
0
0
0
0
0
0
frn
0
0
0
TOTAL
1
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
Y
000
0
FHEM
RSM
k1
ka
PM
MPM
R
C
CR
FRNI
FRM
1
5
1
ort
ott
tofccsrr
OF C DTT
24 1
7
2 4
1
per decade
topi frequencies
les
ies
fretiew
publication
Public anon
LDS
in eadi
major
adon
ahon
eaul
eal
eai
eji
10
to
lo
1959
199
1
0
0
1
D
11.
fafxj
fhi M
1900
1980
10
to
lo
1989
1919
10
to
lo
19
1919
1999
t
cen71110v
centiirt TOTAI
1I
FO
2
200
1
4
6
7
2
4
4
11
13 v
2
4
8
11
33
40
2
5
1
4
12
lye
151
ISS
4
17
266
255
82
6
1
7q
007aq
49
it
I
f
190
1960
10
to
lo
1909
1969
D
WKI
SPM
RSM
30 5ac
5c
31 7
11
1
244
31
eum
erm
FUM
FPM
CR
12
10
8
6
441
T
1
2
1
mILUL
ILU L ill
ili
f
1
0
00
11
1
20s
20
10
lov
iov
40s
30s
tj
50s
FID
ot&e
ota
FO per de
fio
deaj
total flo
deab
130
30
cenlur
cntur
26
n
ii
25
20
17
J
J
tf
f
i1
ia
1
i
70s
70
bos
qc
of FO
b
FIRM
FRM
firn
25
15
publication
Publia
tion
6
F
5
OOs
20
10
lok
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24
N
V
RSM
CR
4
1
0
1
3
30
EIH
kim
kih H
441
1
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1
13
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L
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40
1
7
1
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0
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r
h
10
80
gos
70
occurrence
genadr
Com
gendr companson
panson of frequtrities
comp3nson
companion
this topic taught too men and women
tirtcnce FO of
ofthi
frctiunie of oc
n1cnhadaw1ah1ck1pn1
oman
men had
FRAI FHEM
hod salable MPM CR FRM
RSKI CR FIRM
omcn had available RSM
FRM FHEM
0
19k4
MEN
komen
1920s
1930s
194119
19505
1960s
1905
1
5
0
1
4
17
25
1
6
0
0
4
15
19103
Z
1
76
1
71
compan lon
son
ion of
komen
MEN
1 .22
11 21
cen7tri
1990
RSKI and
kad NO
lad
RSKI KIPM
4
KI
4
4
17
al
BE
sull
suil
6
4
0 0
oos
lov
iov
701
201
ios
2
30s
0
40
4
LM
D gos
A
605
017
70s
801
1970s
80
figure 23 summary table and graphs
tied
development
HUMAN
22nd
century
ranking
1950
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
3
3
3
1
12
5
18
9
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
OO
00
10
to
1929
199
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
15
0
0
RSM
KI
phi
PNI
pit
MPM
CR
FRNI
FRM
TOTAL
O- Z
000
IM
1940
10
to
1949
1910
10
to
1919
FHEM
01
of CENT
rent
igo
1920
190
1900
10
to
1909
1919
n
6
1
1910
10
to
1939
199
12
0
3505
x
1Icecii
aqu enciel per decade
topic frexpiencies
fr equ
ecii je
an
1n
pub lie
ilc ali
ile
in iscbt
maj or LDS publication
each
ati on
all
esch major
igl
igi
16
1959
0
1
15
D
E
FHEM
10
19
1970
1960
10
to
1969
10
0
0
11
86
1980
10
to
1989
99
U
10
19
19
1979
cew
CLVTIIRS
teirs
cl7vriv
TOTAL
TOTAI
FO
0
1
1
2
11
8
44
1
1
2
2
i
1
0
0
12
14
13
0
0
LI100
0
0
1
17
aq
15 9q
9
1I
D
MPM
RSM
2
t
54
1
q
40
33
82
12 2
1
CR
31
11
FRM
ig
14
1
12
10
ss
6
4
i
10
lov
ios
OOs
tcatal
total
jos
20
20s
50s
14
9
t
c
1I
r1 1
80s
70s
60
publ jilion
of FO b publication
FRNI
kil
nil
40
RSNI
54
fy fc t
j
5
i
1
13
10
8
1
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12
10
i
HJ
40
1
k
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fheo
13
14
1
t
century
centar
centur
centura
16
6
a
ej
18
1
i
pen
penc
per
percde adee
F
1
111.1
lii
0
1
hl
ri11
8
2
1
1
1
s
4
CR
2
0
0
10
oon
OOs
M PM
KIPKI
2
aos 50
30s aon
50s gos 70s
20s 30
ios 20
los
t
80s
noman
10 men and nomcn
gender comparison of frequencies of occurrence FO
ifo orthis
of this topic taught to
omen
ofthis
vornen
oman
FRNI FHEM
hornen
kornen
vbilthlc RSM CR FRM
omcn had aadahicrsni
19609
19801
19sol
CENTURY
1905
1
12
2
0
38
men had alane
FHENI
KIPKI CR FRM FHEM
vailable
aland
alame MPM
MEN
OKIEN
igns
igni
19109
19205
19105
19409
0
3
3
3
13
0
5
Is
9
13
0 0
OOS
pzq
FIN
rim
rin
ios
los
0
80
9
12
compnwn
of RSKI aad
add
oad
pef
pkf
RSM
13
9
IN
3
14
ea
e3 WOMEN
E MEN
1I
3
0
30
14
13
12
KIPM
12
IN
8
9
P
14d
2
0 0
40s
sos
N
gos
70s
80s
00
1960s
av
0v
1970s
1980s
4C-
figure 24 summary table and graphs
tied
87
reo
CLC SE
FA MILY relationships
FAMILY
REUmon SHIPS CLOSE
24th
century
1930
10
to
1939
99
1940
10
to
1949
1950
19w
10
to
1959
1960
10
to
1969
0
0
0
0
0
19
19
1979
6
1
12
2
0
1
4
20
10
6
2
4
4
11
laiq
liq
n
V
4
a8
11
33
40
0
2
5
1
4
12
15 1
151
1
4
17
26
25
82
207
31 7
19119
lvov
ivov
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
5
0
0
FRKI
FRM
0
0
0
TOTAL
1
2
6
0
0
2 4
24
7 3
73
00
122
ranking
FHEKI
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
KI
MPM
PM
R
C
CR
0
122
CIDNT
S OF CENT
1
4
1911
10
to
199
0
per
rude
ride
decade
topic
delade
frequencies
de
ole
tortle
lie
be
each
F ach
in fach
cb
publication
pubin atlon
major LDS publiiation
alion
allon
4 9
49q
1
0
igo
190
90
1980
1910
10
to
1989
1909
1910
1010
10
to
1919
1900
10
to
13
FMEM
FHEM
RSM
RM
0
10
to
30
D
E
kapi
kfpi
ll
CENT
CIIIMIR
FO
aq
5
5q
244
7
31
131
1
f3
fa
0
CR
TOTAL
1
FRM
frani
12
10
8
6
ca
4
2
0pi
ra
r1
JL
11
00
ios
loi
n
II
OOs
ra
r1
n
20s
ao
40.
40
30
1
gos
50.
50
50s
ccntur
ccnlur
26
r
1
per
FO
decade
delade
total
hotl
totl
toti
30
1I
i
p
70s
i
80
80s
publ catlon
of FO b publication
calion
cic
1
FIRM
M
FRM
FR
flum
25
25
FHEEM
FHEKI
15
20
24
17
1
7
atxy&i
ijes
ijfs
ipto&pal
15
vw
hal
hai
isi
E
10
6
5
rl
1
2
0
1
OOs
10
loh
lah
4
20
C
30s
30
H
f7
fa gas
0
40
40s
goh 70s
50
R
t3
ta
A
a
RSKI
RSM
T
4
7
v1
MPKI
MP va
41
13
gov
gos
80.
80
women
gender Com
acs
nieri and nk
oman
omcn
topic taught to men
olcurtcncc FO of this topil
comparison
ids
ies
les of occurrence
painson of frequent ics
men had &availnhle
MPNI CR
ailnblc MPM
fkni
fkm
fani
women had available RSKI
RSM CR FRNI
FRM FHENI
FHEM
FHEM
CENTM
1900i
19ki
19109
1910
igo
1920
190
19103
1910
19401
1940
19509
1950
19lsoi
1960s
ivo
1905
190
19901
MEN
1I
2
5
0
1
4
17
25
21
76
WOMEN
1
2
6
0
0
4
15
222
21i
71
el
OMEN
oni
0k
akomes
MEN
PSM
compkowaof rsm
25
OKI EN
1
21
21 21
17
RSNI NIPKI
MM
2
5
I1
17
2
6
4
2
0 0
71
1771
17
oos
CM
1
17
10
20
10
0
00
F t711
L L
40
SO
1
K
1
4
IM
4
4
a
4
1
1
od
31
XN
goc
601
70s
gos
1960s
1970s
19801
figure
summary table and graphs
25
88
tied
24th1
24th
FOOD NUTRITION ETC
century
19x
ranking
10
to
lo
1919
1909
iglo
1910
to
1919
FHEM
0
RSKI
RSM
PNI
M
MPM
CR
PUN
run 1
F
FRM
TOTAL
1
OF CENT
190
1960
196
10
to
lo
1969
19
1910
1900
ivio 0
19
1910
10
to
lo
lo
it9
ita
19
1989
ky
CENTT
centa RY
CDM
0
1
1
0
2
3
18
4
18
is
7
69
J
31
9931
971
921
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 it
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 1ITr
2
0
2
0
0
4
5
3
5
18
is
7
19
7
75
0
71
6 71.
0
93
25 3
9933
1940
10
to
lo
1949
19 SO
1950
10
to
lo
199
1930
10
to
lo
1939
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
1
00
20 0
i1
ia
10
to
lo
0
4
per
ures
cres
decade
tes
topi FreeD
ies
cies
freedcies
pubhalion
in each major LDS publkalion
a
199
24
ea
e3
FMEM
FHEM
0
RSM
i10
1979
0
MPM
TOTM-
101
K
1I
CR
20q
FRNI
FRM
20
10
f
0
00
ios
los
OOs
oos
30
20s
decode
total FO
70 per decade
0
20
40s
centur
cenlurs q of
centar
c
19
18
gos
SOS
70s
70
pubblation
publnalion
FO b
FHEM
FRM
3 t
5
15
15
g
mii
M
ewh
wo
womb
7
7
X
1
5
N
KIM
mim
mik
womw
11071
11min110
10
0
bos
N
C
3
L fj
00
RSM
92 it
0
0
1
OOs
ook
gos
goh 70
40s ios
20s yos 40
ios 20
los
iol 60
80s
men and oman
omcn
komen
lomen
w
Vomen
RSKI CR FIRM
omen had wail
FRM
FHENI
available
abic RSM
flum FHEM
barl
harl
19505
19605
mo
gli
981
19805
ivo
CFNTURY
1903
CFNTJRY
corn
gender companwri
Coin
panson
coinpanson
frcucnics of
wri
Compan
of0urrenic
ollurtenlc
orl of frequenics
ori
topll
fol
foi of this topn
toell taught
mun
men had ksailame
NIPM CR FRM FHEM
madable
fadable MPM
19k11
19301
19105
ssw
19205
1910
1sw
MEN
0
0
0
0
19401
0
OMEN
E
D
15
5
3
1
eea
H3 konen
omes
OMEN
komen
lonen
MEN
17
T
11
OON
OOs
los
lol
QSS
as00s
0 EM
N
30s
30
6
18
is
7
19
7
75
compansoo
Compan
mrm
KIPM
soo of RSM and MFM
compnioo
nirm
19
i B
18
8
rsp61
RSM
g
MPM
s
i
I1
0
1
v
5
0
1
11
a
0
3
9
10
15
0 0
0
18
I1
10
to
lo
11
1
7
W
imm
dl
LJ
A
cr
I1
aos
40
0
1
SOS
CILM
gos
it
7
70
70s
7
i
I1
0
gov
gos
80
1
S
4
I1
a
an
ED1n0
1960s
1960
1
11
0
1970s
uf2
ufa
0n
1990s
1980s
figure 26 summary table and graphs
89
SERVICE BUILDS CHARACTER
26th
century
ranking
1900
10
to
1909
1910
to
1919
1920
ivo
190
iglo
1930
190
10
to
lo
1929
199
10
lo
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1I
I1
1
0
0
1I
1
FHENI
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
MPM
CR
FRIA
FRM
frid
TOTAL
t OF CENT
4
1
igl
1939
199
iri
0
1980
10
to
lo
1989
1999
CENT
CENTTI
1110
faW
f0
3
17
2
0
0
3
6
18
is
22
30
0
0
0
1
3
4
5
1
12
1
2
2
5
2
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
9
288
30
73
000
olt
000ole
olt
1
38
3844
27
2 7
7
2 71
Fr
frequencies
equen ses
toph frequez
frequen
delade
topi
ies per decade
D
in E
ch major LDS publication
each
ech
20
1970
10
to
lo
1979
0
0
144444
99
19
1960
10
to
1969
0
1
1
1
1950
190
10
to
1940
10
to
lo
1949
FHEN
I1
RSM
41
D
KEPKI
11
1
1
a
13
CR
total-
l
30
41
S
5
it
16
7
16
FRM
f
a
15
i
1
10
i
is
5
3
3
1
0
30
20
10
iov
lov
OOs
abr
fbr
3
total FO per decade
28ft
30
centern
centurn
ccnur
30
gov
gos
50s
40s
r
1I
c
of FO
25
y
16
i
15
KIPM
MPM
9
10
5
1
2
1
r
0
OOs
ook
2
30s
loh 20s 30
ios
0
0
5
1
tov
70s
tos 50
50s bos 70
gas
gak
80
men
ame
FHEKI
MPM CR FRM FHEM
mn had
aMt KIPM
availamt
&ailahle
hd avail
19009
1900
1910
ivio
19205
19103
190
194 ii
19405
I1
1I
1
0
1I
1
2
2
0
0
SOMEN
lonien
G
L
CCs
OOs
ON
1
x
iov
lov
IN
i
ri
as
0s
0
2
P1
ea
e3
10
tos
tok
17
27
27
6
1
men and koman
vomcn
komcn
fheo
RSNI
RSM CR FRM
FRNI FHEM
century
19
1903
19003
igl
19805
2
22
1
12
43
Z
277
27
69
CENTURA
CENTUR
compcnsoo
compnoo
RNKI mid
Comp non
and MPM
NIPM
noo of RSM
9
1
10
to
lo
women had available
196oi
191.3
1913
i960
ivi
loi
6
0
9
0
EJ VOMEN
A
OMEN
komen
lomen
MEN
pp
ap
RSNI
RSM
4 2 it
1
gender companson
Com panson of frequenjes
prequeniics of occurrence FO of this topic taught
companion
MEN
FHEM
30
7 1
CR
20
publication
Public alion
hb
FRM
1
il
i
ft
80s
80
70s
F 1
1
t
rt
0
40
0
0 0
yos
yoi
IIN
r tv
P
A
S
X
11
gos
goi
70s
i
12
kia
nia
IRSKI
RSM MPM
KIM
i
Ws
1I N
ll
S
fc
11
6
X
bov
80
bos
10
lo8
3
letl
lltl
0
1960s
IS
x
19
1970s
0
3
iss
1980
v
figure 27 summary table and graphs
RESP DNSIBIILITY
responsibility
y
27th
century
1940
10
to
1950
150
10
to
19 19
199
igo
1910
190
10
to
igl
193
1939
1949
1959
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
3
3
0
4
3
4
5 a
8
4 3
43
5 8
ranking
1900
10
to
lo
1909
1910
10
to
lo
1919
19
1920
10
0
0
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
KIPM
MPM
CR
FRM
TOTAL
S
90
OF
CLNT
OFCCMT
10fcdo
10
to
lo
8i
ai
9 0
1980
19
10
1970
10
to
1979
979
10
0
CENTIIRY
CUMIRY
comiry
1919
1989
10
ioFO
.10
1I
11
0
0
1
0
4
5 8 it
58
top
frequ
topic
encies per decade
freau enches
tor ic frequencies
pubbcation Q
ID
ech major
IDE
in
maj or LDS pubbcatio
ineeach
970
1960
10
to
lo
1969
1D
1
1
TOTAL
TOTAJ
TUTAI
1
4
10
16
6
23
6
5
188
26
1
2
1
4
6
2
4
2
2
155
2
22
0
2
4
1
3
6
16
23
3
4
10
22
15
69
4 3
5 8
58
14 5
311 9
el
FHEM
FHLM
M
B
RSKI
RSM
1
211 1
7
0
MPM
WKI
1I
0
CR
101v
10
nuo
neo
ned
12
rl
i
10
8
6
A
4
A
11
01
2
1
KI
lr
ija
n
E
L
H
L
1
LA Ffril
in
u
q
20s
20
as
0s
los
ios
IN
pr decade
FO per
decode
00
OOS
total
ton
rl
as
0s
30s
SOS
as
0s
ios
40s
c
v1
ifva
1
L
&
70
60
cenur
centur
centar
25
3
1
80
pubbcalion
pabb catlon
pubbcttion
of FO b pbbb
cation
22
M
FHEKI
FHE
FHEM
FRNI
FR
IM
FRM
23
20
23
15
wis
sis
15
10
s
10
4
5
4
3
4
fjfifil
dn
3
n
i
0
00
OOs
10
ios
los
20
30
30s
4
CR
2
266
6 t
gos 70
yos
ios
50
40
MPM
1
i
JS
RSKI
M
80
occurrence
gender Com
occut
rence FO of this topic taught to men and lonnen
konnen
omen
panson of frequencies of boccut
companion
omen
omen
komen
lomen
men had
MPM CR FRM FHEM
hud available KIPM
igo
19204
19101
igol
igloi
1901
1010
190
3
2
4
MEN
3
NONIEN
omes
4
4
4
OMEN
1
K 1I
au
19sus
1u
19603
1905
190
19809
1980
1
4
10
16
10
51
3
4
9
0
120
14
65
L
14
silin
111in
10
4
3
4
1
4
F
ma
m7
hbl
eli
I1
OOS
IN
3
20
30n
40
4
4
12
SON
sos
601
9
10
1I
70s
turi
compoosot
gid MTM
RSKI and
cobiptniot of RSM
WKI
aki
ani
RSM MPM
6
20
16
4
century
CENTURA
CEN
TURt
19401
00men
EN
RSM CR FRM FHEM
avail anie
had available
anic RSKI
ahle
5
X
2
Q
80s
4
196on
X
1970s
1980s
figure 28 summary table and graphs
MATE
ECTKON
SELECTION
MAT
ATE
ESEL
28th
ign
century
11900
19
1910
190
ranking
10
to0
1909
11
10
10
to
1919
FHEM
0
RSM
NIPM
MPM
CR
FRM
0
0
0
FI
TOTAL
199
1940
10
to
1949
1910
10
to
1959
1960
10
to
1969
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
6
5
0
0
0
6
0
1
6
7
8
8 81
8 8 it
aa
8a
1I
1
4
1
yge
9
591
9
5
1
2
ade
fretpiencie per de
decade
topil fretpiencies
deade
eah
major
&
in bah
9
8
Y
D
0
publication
calon
Publ caton
colon
LD
LDSS
TING
DATING
RDA
iglo
1910
1930
10
to
1939
199
I1
OF
OFCCNT
cl11t
PROPER
PROPE
poo
WOO
RSM
mod
E
FMEM
FHEM
91
10 3
B
E
19 U
1910
igo
198
1900
10
to
10
1979
0
Z
3
4-
8
7
23
34
0
2A
4
i
6
266
0
11
14
12
8
68
6q
17
MPM
WM
CENTVRI
centavo
centolo TOTAL
to
1989
1
1
1
D
E
41
az
1z
1
1
3
18q
18
111
1
08
erm
FRM
H
CR
1
FO
12
ibi
i2i
i
10
8
s
6
n
s
g
4
s
s
2
0
arllnj L
pil
pit
i
ril
1I
oon
OOs
00
20s
20
ios
los
40s
30
30s
ade
decade
delade
total FO per de
deade
as
0s
bos
50
50s
70s
800
century
puhbcdiion
ilurv ocf of FO h pubbcation
ilura
28
30
LTL
lck
FHEM
FI
FRM
25
4q
RSM
20
34
15
1
12
10
yen
EEH
ren
22
TDC
4
5
1
ii
cdc
f
0
00
OOs
1
1
1
i
i
j
40s
20s 30s
10
505
gos 70s
KIPM
MPM
R
C
CR
38
2
2
v
7
6
6
s
80s
gender Corn
to
kumen
omen
lo men and komen
panson
coin
companion
nanson of frequencies of occurrence FO of this topic taught 10
women
men had
FHEKI
CR
FHEM
MPM
omen had aall
Mt lihle
FRM
available
sibie
sible
madfible
fible
NMI
lihle
ilMe RSM CR FRM FHEM
aailihle
aailihlt
hd mad
lad
aai
bai
hai
century
CENTURN
centum
19005
isiu0
19103
igo
1905
190
19303
19406
1940
19sos
19so
19605
960
1905
10
14801
MEN
1
2
0
1
3
6
7
4
21
45
AOMEN
VOMEN
1
2
4
6
6
7
1
12
26
66
D MEN
Com
companion
panon
ad KIPM
6a
padon 0of RSSI aa
omes
OMEN
lomen
komen
26
6
&
1
RSM MPM
q
n10
i
6
i 11
2
oos
2
cze33
10
lov
los
4
0
as
ZOS
0s
3
4
a
t
30
L
40s
6
6
s
EH
yov
yos
SOS
soi
7
7
1
r
11
liftifl
LEM
i
gos
70s
tS
7
MEN
sms
ses
h
nur
nul
r
ul
d
4
g
na
n1
s
L6
loi
SOS
906
806
los
0
0
1960
0
ign
191
1970
fos
kli
ail
lil
19m
L-
figure 29 summary table and graphs
92
RESPECT
29th
century
iglo
1910
ranking
10
to
1909
FHEM
0
RSKI
RSM
0
0
KIPM
MPM
R
C
CR
FFRM
rl I1
TOTAL
10
1929
199
1
1
11
0
2
I1
1
0
2
3
21
4 T
47
1
3
1940
10
to
1949
10
to
1959
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
freqii erkles per decade
topic freqtirniies
pubill
Feach
Public stion
in each
atho
maj
eroh
fach
erch
atlo
alio
naj or LDS publicalio
ach major
11
D
1970
10
to
1960
to
1969
198
1980
centary
century
cem11iry
centlry
19
1999
10
to
1989
1
15
Is
2
18
181
28.811
0
0
2
5
9
17
27
1
9
5
16
23 5
25
0
2
4
1
10
16
1
0
0
3
5
1
2
8
0
0
1I1
igo
190
1930
10
to
1939
199
0
0
0
0
i1
ia
7
OF cea
CENT
CL
cla
190
1910
10
to
1919
6t
6at
1
ea
e3
B
FMCM
FHEM
R
B
RSKI
RSM
D
E
rpm
mym
MPM
16
11
10
CR
N
81
64
1
446
6 9
12 5
1
IFO
K
iio
1
0
0
16
6
25 0
0
330
TOTAL
002
FRNI
FRM
f
14
12
10
g
8
6
s
4
2
jt
rh i0jl
0
00
loh
ios
los
OOs
ook
30
Q
H
r
220
0
c
i
i
L
gos
centur
centar
crnlurs
30
25
rft
aft
1
yok
SON
sos
ios
40
30s
30
20s
pe r deace
ilide
Dek
dekilide
del
deaue
fo- per
tota
tola
r
1
h
1
70s
80s
Pub bation
of FO b pubbation
atlon
alion
allon
batlon
FRNI
FRM
CR
5
FH EM
FHEM
1
16
177 ir
N
16
y
wn
15
8
10
MPM
5
3
air
rir
2
2
0c3
F
0
oon ION
as0s
OOs
00
lon
los
20n 30 s
20s
25
2
1
r
27 i
27
1
yos gos 70s
70
40s
40
RSM
1
80s
companson
gender Com
toph taught 10
to
omen
panson of fri qucrnies
compansiin
lo men and
thiv topi
companion
this
ofthi
queniics of occurrence FO of
noomen
men had aanilnhle
Aili
nkomen
RSKI CR FRNI
omen had available RSM
arlt ihle
arit
ible MPM
thle
FRM FHEM
NMI CR FRM FHEM
ailithle
MEN
VSOMEN
WOMEN
komen
lomen
igni
IWO
lwo
19105
iglo
1910
1920s
190s
19305
1940
2
2
2
0
1
12
2
2
0
1
ea
e3
EIMEN
D mes
MEN
elmen
19505
citftw
19701
1970
1980
6
255
7
47
7
21
11
48
2
cornpanson
Corn
compuntoa
RSM aad
panson of RSKI
KOM
and
noki
noni
ud nom
25
omes
omen
OMEN
amen
0men
vry
VRN
CEN i ury
19601
1960
rsp61 NIPM
RSM
MPM
221
y
n
g
s
6
2
2
m
L 00
OOs
2
i
ra
r1
10
lov
los
i
ra
as
20
0s
2
0 0
1
f
M
R LFAJ
yos
gos
11
i
17
30
30s
2
40
N
sov
sos
iov
goh
60
7
r
SX
st
70s
if
5
LB
gov
bov
yas
uan
urn
1960
H
S
y
it
11
7
s
S
1
1970s
5
ll
11
igno
r
1
T
1-
figure 30 summary table and graphs
tred
tied
30th1
30th
LATIC NS
RE LATIONS
M ARTIAL
ARTLALRE
century
igo
190
ranking
10
to
1939
199
1960
10
to
1969
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
1
8
4 az
8z
oos
00
1910
to0
1919
10
to
1929
199
0
0
0
0
FHEM
RSM
PSM
NIPM
MPM
CR
FRAI
FRM
3
1930
too
0
oo
00
16654
i
EJ
LJ
10
to
centursr
ceknllk
19
1919
1999
1989
TO
0
1
0
1
21
4
6
3
15
is
24
9
17
29
4477
1
1I
5
13
21
0
1
1
4
6
3
8
19
4
it
48
0
FMEM
FHEM
190
1
1
CLOSE
CLO SE
1980
10
to
10
to
166
1
ade
dea
decade
freqiiencies
freqii encie per de4
delade
publjcadon
sih
lih
in
bubb
littion
majon
st h major
maj or LDS pubb
ittion
ineEA
top
topi
toi
igo
190
1940
10
to
1949
19019
TOTAL
OF C
CENT
LNT
cest
ent
igro
1920
1921
r NUTU
UTU RING
93
6
RSKI
RSM
MPM
6622
27
30 6
306
12 9
43
el
5
at
5t
0 99 IV
13
CR
TOTAL
TOTAI
FRM
HIM
nim
20
15
10
1
F
5
n
f1
fa
3
0
00
30s
30
20s
lob
iob
OOs
deide
defje
total FO per darde
Def
dkrde
dei Je
30
SL
yos
50
40
9
2
RSM
Rs M
6
CR
1
axa
y
aka
15
ya
xa y1
1
S
8
s
ra
r1
F
LJ L
Z
0
1
3
7
OOs
0
0
10
lov
los
NIPM
MPM
J
r
30s
20s 30
40
40s
bos
bol 70
50
gos
FRNI
FRM
25
3
K
puhliialion
publvation
of FO by Publ
vation
nation
hatlon
27
0
1
70s
70
gos
60
ccnur
centur
centar
20
u
g
1
47
v
80
gender comparison
omen
Comp awon
amon 0of frequencies
of this topic taught to men and omea
ofthis
oocurtene FO orthis
ffirclucritics ofotcurrenie
mn
haj
MPKI CR FRM FHEM
had aa
available
dable MPM
hj
19109
19203
19his
1910
1910
atis
9tis
19401
1940
19505
1950
19601
1960
1909
190
igo
1980v
190
lda
3
0
0
0
0
3
4
13
224
4
47
3
0
0
1
1
2
6
10
10
33
MEN
ONIEN
OMEN
D
B WOMEN
0women
MEN
women had aai
RSKI CR FRM
FRNI FHEM
lable RSM
available
aal
I1
I1
CCNTTIIRY
CENTURY
compensoo
compinioc of RSM iknd6tpll
nd MPM
24
1I
ld0
1
RSM MISM
MPM
IRSM
I1
7
17
13
10
i
6
3
i
rma
OON
OOs
R
3
3
0
0
I1
tos
Os
0
as
200s
0
0
ca
c3
30s
0
10
joi
jol
E
QS
d
50
SOS
11
ai
Nl
E
bos
10
6
4
1
Ws
wll
701
70
gos
BOS
k
9
1960s
1960
ss33
lne
lbs
BJaht
wht
970
19os
1
3
IS s
1980
fiegure
firgure
31
summary table and graphs
94
tied
SONS
SOCI ALSC
LESSONS
SOCIAL
SCIENCE
IENC
lenc ELES
30tli
3wi
cwi
century
ranking
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
KI
PM
MPM
CR
FRM
FI
TOTAL
1 of
cest
0
0
0
0
37
7
4
5
4
58
94q
94
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
01
21
0
0
0
0
7
4
0
0
0
0
0
ole
000
olt
6
62
6
qq
0ogg
099
30
19
190
10
to
1919
199
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
37
00
166
1
59
59774
per
frequen
frequez
decade
equen
topic Fr
enle
Freu
ies
freuenie
enie
publication
ID
LDSS publi
bubli
in each
fach major LD
atlon
40
0
190
1959
1960
10
to
1969
199
190
001
00
CLVT
CENT
iglo
1910
10
to
1939
199
1940
10
to
1949
1910
10
to
1900
WO
10
to
1909
6655 t
31
11 3
D
U
FMEM
elli
r
10
M
RSKI
RSM
1990
10
to
1989
10
to
1919
199
TTAL
total
FO
1
3
1
1
7
el
1
CR
0
70
70s
80
c
2
1
9977
11 3 t
MPM
CENTLIQ
cennirn
r&i
it01
rai
I
OR
35
351
W
I1
30
25
20
15
is
10
5
0
00
10
ios
los
OOs
ook
aos
40
30s
20
per
daje
D
ade
FO
decade
delade
total
dade
toti
gos
SOS
centur
ccntur
centar v i of FO
37
40
b
publication
FHEM
H
35
30
25
20
0
15
1
7
10
5
0
17
0
L
0
00
OOs
10
los
30s
20
20s 30
40
a
7
6
4
50
17
0 1
gos
60
1
1 1
70
RSM
93
80
aomen
gender Com
Oi
omen
currence FO
frctjuentitfs
oicurrence
frequenlies of occurrence
0currcnce
companion
panson
ifo of this topic taught to10 men and Awomen
nanson of frequencies
women
aomen had available RSKI
men hoj
haj aavailable
RSM CR FRM FHEM
FRM FHEM
MPM CR FRNI
had
adabie KIPM
igo
ignos
19601
19209
igo
1910
eik
1950
19
1960
1903
1910
1909
191uejk
19004
ival
CENTURY
ivio
190
190
190
FI cerly
1
0
0
MEN
WOMEN
nonien
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
11
0
37
7
4
0
7
6
62
6
ant
ani
companson
wim
Com
RSM eod
panson of RSKI
companion
comptnion
MJM
oad
WKI
ead
panion
ud mim
377
RSKI
RSM KIPM
MPM
8
S
1
1
4
8
7
6
M
Q
7
wyl
wll
asi
vsi
MM
0
OOs
00
0
1
0
10
11
0
20s
ai0i
0
0
30
1
SAI
hsi
ssi
ob
0
aos
4
0
sos
50
J
0
gos
0
70s
cm
bos
1
0
0
1960s
0 1
0
1970s
1
0
taso
t9so
1930
figure
summary table and graphs
32
95
tied
HOME MAINT
ENANCE
maintenance
32nd
century
ranking
1900
ign
10
to
1909
1910
10
to
lo
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
tem
FHENI
fr
RSSM
RSKI
hipm
M PM
hiam
CR
CR
F
FFRI
IM1
TOTAL
TO TAL
1919
oos
oor
O
OV
000
clent
of CIENT
tofcent
V
1920
190
10
to
ign
191
1999
igo
1930
190
10
lo
1959
1960
10
to
lo
1969
0
0
2
8
0
1950
10
to
1939
1940
10
to
1949
0
0
7
0
0
0
7
10
to
19
19
1979
1910
1990
10
to
lo
1989
cey
CUMIRY
ces
alry
tlry
0
0
0
0
oem
011
0
15
10
5
4
51
84
841
0
0
0
0
0
0
01
OT
4
1
0
6
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
4
7
3
8
17
12
9
5
t61
9
27 91z
19 7aiZ
14 8
8 2
1
4 9
497
I1
5 IZ
S
11
ade
decade
topic
topie
tople
tor ic frequencies per de
publmation
Publ mation
in
nation
ration
elah
alloo
atlon
hieilah
bie
ble
fah major LDS pubin
10
19
1970
13
D
1
13
FMEM
IMEM
7i
B
RSM
D
ED
MPM
1
FO
101-1
0 97q
97
0
13
CR
TOTAL
FRNI
FTM
igl
igi
14
12
1
i
S
10
1
8
B
S
is
6
&
1
F
S
si
sl
2
BJ
JLL
00
yende
jende
bende
FO per de
ade
3ende
tom
total
18
B
si
ao
40.
40
30
30s
20
20s
10
iov
lov
OID
old
i1
gos
SO
SOs
lov
los
cenlurv
ccntur
17
cac
c7c
c
16
CR
14
101
loe
i0
ia
12
70s
70
of FO
h
abn
bn
80
80s
publication
an
fn
FRNI
erm
FRM
7
12
R
9
10
S
7
8
S
y
s
5
6
3
4
n
R SM
RSKI
2
0
0
0
00
10
lok
iok
OOs
v
81
yos
yok
30
20
40s
SO
50s
70s
70
60
1
80s
genden comparison of frequent acs
gender
to
oman
omcn
lo men and women
ics of occurrence FO of this topn
topi taught 10
toan
women
FHENI
men
mea
RSM CR FRNI
MPM CR FRNI
FRM FHEM
FHENI
FRM FHEM
ailahle RSNI
nieri had available KIPNI
komen
lomen had as &adahle
19403
igo ua
igo
1910s
19
191
1960s
igl
191
igi
1941
igop
19005
19105
u5
1920
1910
19805
ivo
195i
CENT lR
CWTURN
190
19l
MEN
0
0
0
1
0
2
WOMEN
oten
OIEN
0
0
7
3
8
17
D
2
4
1
12
9
5
1
W
JOKIPM
10 MPM
17
S
S
n4
1
8
7
0
CX
00Os
0
0 0
IOS
lov
los
0
as
220
0s
V
1
1
JLB
30s
0
4 Os
40s
2
1
I EM
A
E1
505
50 S
gos
601
6 S
M
4
11
70s
nIN
1
s
9
4
1
61
ft CM
RS
soo of
igo
nned
0 f RSKI
nirm
loo
wd NIFM
nntd
ra
R
r5
10 WOMEN
k
OMEN
MEN
10
a
5
B
gos
SOS
bos
los
5
4
0
19 nov
1960s
bol
0
19 70s
1970
B
0
19 SOs
1930s
soi
figure 33 summary table and graphs
tred
tied
organizing
PLANNING
32nd
century
rank
in
r&nkinf
igo
1930
190
1900
10
to
lo
1909
1910
10
to
lo
1919
igo
1920
190
10
to
lo
1929
199
10
to
lo
1939
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
TO TAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
cea
cest
cla
0
000
FHEM
fr EM
RSKI
RS M
na
PNI
n1 PM
M
CR
CF
FR
FRNI
1
1
OF CENT
0
1
000
0 it
per
topicak
top
lem
decade
lew
ent
3k frel
les
ies
ie
enties
eni
frei
1980
to0
1989
11
0
14
2
12
332
552
2
2
4
1
0
3
4
1
9
3
11
19
29
15
61
499
18
1800
1960
10
to
0
0
3
1
1
3
5
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
33q
33
ca
cD
3
in
Public alio Q
LDS publication
sech
sach
maj or LIDS
fach
lech major
ine
lneeach
igo
1910
190
10
to
1919
199
1910
190
10
to
lo
1959
1
0000
16
TIME USE
1940
10
to
lo
1949
0
0
0
1
96
4
0
FHEKI
FHEM
1969
0
RSKI
RSM
15
is
1
097
0
CR
ni
FTIM
FRM
film
s
Ss
i
8
1
i
1
6
i
M
4
ss
is
1
2
10
IN
OOs
30s
los
20
ade
ide
kde
deu
total
70 per dej
deade
told FO
40s
30
gos
SOS
ccr
ccnturn
bcritur
29
70s
80
80s
puhbcalion
puhi
puhl
of FO bbv publ
ICJilion
r
25
tM
1
b
mi
0
FRNI
FRM
FHENI
FHEM
15
20
2
M PM
KIPM
15
15
S
1
7
11
8
11
V
10
5
01
0
7
M
10
0
c
OOs
ook 10
ion
lon
00
rf
2
1
0
0
iqT
3
24 6
D
12
FO
1
5q
47
475aq
KIPM
MPM
mrt
art
mry TOTAL
cen
CEX
CVMIRN
30.
30
30s
20
3
RSKI
RSM
5
sov
SOS
ios 60
40
40s
706
80s
80
gender companson
of0curtence FO of
Com panson of frcqucrnies
and aornen
wienand
omen
frcqucnkies of occurrence
kienand
companion
tins topic taught to men
ofthis
orthis
aorien
men
FHEKI
valim
MPM CR FRNI
FRM FHEM
ailrihlc KIPM
Hc RSM CR FRM FHEM
omen hid vailahi
valia
vaila
FHEKI
kien
klen
nien had ti iilimc
korncnhada
vailahc
adat1crsk1
MEN
women
AOMEN
OMEN
D
igo
190
lalos
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
igo
19305
190
igo
19201
190
19309
1950
19601
1960
19
1909
19805
1980
1
0
6
18
3
2
3
11
7
227
13
1940
27
18
3
1
0
oos
00
0
0 0
los
IN
1
as0s
1
0 0
10
10s
57
compansor
yor
Com
panyon
sor of RSM uld
companion
compinion
MPM
and
CompAn
pinyon
pinion
lid NIPM
03 AOMEN
lonien
MEN
cthtw
CENTUK
299
cery
CECT71
aos
405
0
ea
te3J
1
yos
1
als
rls
ris
gos
RSKI
RSM
asni
aski
a
a
KIPM
MPM
i12
13
S
yw
L
i
5
1
m EM
N
70s
70
r ia
3
80s
v
m
m 0
1IRA
1960s
1
1
s
1
4
y
1970s
1970
1980
R-
figure 34 summary table and graphs
97
EXTENDED FAMILY NUTURING
34ih
34th
century
centurv
igo
190
IM
ranking
10
to
lo
igno
igo10
19-
1909
1910
10
to
lo
1919
FHEM
fh EM
0
RS M
RSNI
ki PM
CR1
CF
1940
10
to
lo
1949
1950
iso
150
10
to
199
1930
1910
10
to
lo
1939
199
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
I1
1
0
0
0
1I
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
3 3
FI
TO TAL
TOTAL
FRsm
opo
OF
CI XT
OFC
OFCXT
7
ofo
190
10
to
lo
0
7q
17aq
177
1
1
199
10
to
lo
1919
at
9t
1980
10
to
lo
1919
1999
0
2
8
2
12
20 iq
10
1
0
3
15
21
35
0
0
2
1
5
8
13
5
14
233
0
1
2
6
0
5
8
2
2
7
18
0
277
33
11 7
30
300ar
0r
as
0
4s 05
2
22
aq
333
3q
33
topbic
ffttqii jocies
topic
5ic freapiencies
eocies per decade
publiilio
in
bubli
atronQ
maj or LDS publi
inemch major
190
1960
10
to
lo
1969
196
1
117
3 3
cor
CDMIRN
comiry
cofabnb TOTAI
total
FO
11
3si
asi
60
ygg
ogg
396
096
1
0
0
FMEM
FHEM
2
RSKI
RSM
nom
MPM
NUM
0
0
CR
16
igl
igi
FRNI
FRM
i-
14
i
12
10
8
6
4
2
2
0
lq
a
00
los
OOs
ook
20
ICIS
yos
sos
505
ac
aos
4c
30s
total
toni
toal FO per decade
30
mi
1
ja
1
1
go
gos
60.
60
century
ccntury
ccniury
c
27
70
70s
pbhbtaalion
of FO b pubbl3tion
FHEM
8
ar0r
CR
18
20
N
233 x
0
15
10
7
L
5
0
OOs
2
2
1
1
13
0
los 20s 30s
ios
SKI
SM
NI
MP
2
jos
jol 50s bol
boi
705
r
80
FIRM
FRM
25
is
n-
16
T
80s
gender comparison of frequenjes
ifo of this topic taught 10
to
frequent les
lo men and k omen
its of occurrence FO
gomen
k omcn
women
men had available MPM
FIRM
MPKI CR FRM
RSKI CR FRNI
oman had available RSM
flum FHEM
FRM FHEM
19103
igo
goi
igo
19109
1940s
19609
1904
19105
1900
19soi
910
century
194s
CENTURN
CENTURA
igol
190
190
190
90
190i
90i
MEN
I1
1
0
0
12
1
1
7
15
12
39
WOMEN
lonten
lonien
I1
1
0
2
2
2
5
17
2222
552
D
E
comp&nson of RSKI
RSM tod
companion
comptnion
MIM
ud MTKI
ea
e3 WOMEN
OKIEN
MEN
RSM MPM
KIPM
15
s
17
15
11
p
12
7
1
1
1
1
ecer
etze 0 o c77
oos
00
los
IN
i
21I
0
as0s
20s
0
0
ra
leiai
ltiai
30s
1
T
40s
yos
1
niR t
gos
70s
1
3
m pill
rill
BILL
80s
1960s
19
1970s
0S
ir
1
1980s
0-
figure
tied
tle
tie
35
summary table and graphs
98
G management
JAGEN IENT
HIN
HING
MAN
CLOTHING
CLOT
makkagen
35th
century
ign
igo
1910
190
ranking
o
1909
10
to
lo
1919
FHEM
0
0
RSKI
RSM
MPM
CR
FIRM
FRM
0
0
5
010
11
0
0
0
0
cest
000
0
CIENT
OF CENT
clent
199
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
1920
10
to
lo
1940
10
to
lo
1949
1950
10
to
lo
1959
1960
igo
igno
19
1910
1900
10
1969
10
to
1919799
1980
10
to
lo
1989
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
4
5
5
0
0
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
57
0
226
6
10
4
5
0
58
0
2
0
6
14
44 8
at
8t
17
173
1722
9
669
8 6
10
1033
0
RSM
0
0
0
5
00
86
k
1930
1910
10
to
lo
1919
199
OQC
1 4
per
F
er decade
topic frequencies
regen
Freuen
cles
cies
rewen
regencies
ID each
publication
bubli
cation
eab major LDS publi
1
0
FHEM
0B
MPKI
MPM
50
gos
600
0
CENT liR
CEIMIRI
tir TOTAL
FU
01
0r
98
wr
981
01
0
0 92
093
092
CR
a0
70
SOs
FTIM
30
25
20
15
i
10
5
a
0
0
300
20s
Os
10
40
decade
delade
total
deje
rohl FO per dede
30
century
centura
ac
4cc
80
publn
puble
batlon
Pub
bv pubbation
of FO by
bation
alion
atlon
CR
26
1
25
20
15
10
10
5
0
0
al
20
30
zl 40
0
OOs
10
loh
ios
5
a
4
5
40s
6
RSKI
981
931
gos 70s
50.
50
80s
acs
genden
gender Com
panson of frqumics
comparison
ics of occurrence FO of this topi taught to men and women
frequent
frequeni
vor
RSKI CR FRM FHEM
lorrien
omen
kor
FHFM
lor
rien had available RSM
men had avail
KIPM CR FIRLM
FRM FHEM
anle
ahle MPM
available
FHBI
igo
igol
19201
191
iglKs
1910
1909
190
0
0
0
0
MEN
t
women
AOMEN
5
0
0
OMEN
omes
MEN
nen
13
k
19503
1960s
1960i
19701
1970
1980s
19ko
0
0
0
0
1
6
10
4
5
6
century
CENTURN
19405
1940
1
58
couiplknivo
rsm
comptniuo of KSM
ONIEN
RSKI MPM
KIPM
RSM
26
ud
MPM
5
SS
1I
4
RMI
rne
X
10
6
4
0 0
oos
0
0
los
0
05
0
EM
30s
0
40s
0
vos
SOS
los
B el 80 R
0
gos
0
70s
BEEN
0
0
0
1960
igro
19805
figure 36 summary table and graphs
tied
3511
ID
AID
ILLNESS TREATMENT FIRST A
ald
century
1900
10
to
1909
1910
10
to
lo
1919
igo
1920
190
10
to
FHEM
0
0
RSKI
RSM
na
n1
PM
MPM
CR
FRM
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
TOTAL
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
669
9
00
ranking
it OF
OFCBST
cent
1929
199
0
1930
190
10
to
1939
199
1940
10
to
lo
1949
10
to
1959
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13 8
00
00
8
0
0
0
topic frequencies
eocies per decade
eqii jocies
fr equi
0
maj or LDS publication
each fmajor
ID
in
99
ivio
0
FHEM
10
to
1919
199
1980
10
to
lo
1989
0
2
8
10
17
4
20
1
12
48
8811
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
11
0
0
0
58
0
01
01
0 T
4
0
0
0
20
97
669
17
179V
379
K
RSM
190
1960
to
io
1969
nom
kom
cey
butry
hilry
cestery
FO
1
03992
34
3455
nE
TOTAL
FRI
0 nm
frit
CR
1
20
1
t
15
is
1
pa
p9
1
10
i
i
5
S
1
0
oo
00
OOs
00.
30s
30
20
10
iov
lov
gos
60
iov
ios
50
40.
40
ilal FO per delade
dolid
tcital
decade
tolid
ccnturv
centur
centar
25
c
705
of FO
hv
80
puni cahilon
publ
publication
alion
22
i
FHEM
20
17
20
15
P
8
10
4
5
4
0
07
0
0
0
0
OOs 10
00
los
ios
20
30s
RSKI
RSM
83
sos
soh
40
bos 70s
50
80
80s
acut
gender Com
currence
wn and women
acme FO of this topi taught to men
rcme
odoi
ocut
compinson
companion
compinion
pinson
ofoi
ies
les of
frequcni
pinson
pinion of frequemics
women had aar
RSKI CR FPM
FRM FHEM
lable RSM
available
aai
19709
19809
CENTIJTQ
19503
iglo
1970
1960s
1980
1960i
CEN
TURr
2
8
0
10
0
men had available MPM
FRNI FHEM
MPKI CR FRM
MEN
WOMEN
OMEN
el
igou
1900
19101
1910
03
192
190i
19104
1910
19405
1940
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
8
0
0
4
58
complansuo
nipo
kipo
KIPM
add
aad
cotxmniuo of RSM bad
ud MPM
9women
0 WOMEN
MEN
M0
22
RSM MPM
KIPM
10
tu
02o
0
K
8
8
8
4
4
1
0
oon
oos
00
0
0
B
10
iov
lov
0
200
0
0
10
0 0
aos
40
iai8
0 0
0
sos
505
gov
gos
60
i
70s
80s
i
12
am
0m
fc
S
ti
IN
4
0
1960
0
1970s
a
0
1980s
1
figure 37 summary table and graphs
ECIA TION
APPRecla
appreciation
37th
century
igo
1900
190
ranking
10
to
19010
1909
FHEM
1910
10
to
1919
11
191
1911
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RSM
KI
PM
MPM
CR
F
FRMI
rt
100
0
1
0
1I
1
12
1
1
TOTAL
CENT
1I OF CL
CLTT
cest
6
3
1940
10
to
1949
igo
iglo
1910
190
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
aa
1a8 IT
8
181
10
to
99
0
00001
8
1
1930
10
to
1939
0.0
frequen
Fr equen
top
renoe
freqii
topic
bic
5ic frequez
les per decade
ies
ch major
in
maj or LDS publication
fach
ine
lneFeach
ach
D
10
199
99
1980
10
to
1989
0
0
0
4
11
5
200
336
6
2
4
6
14
25q
25
0
3
0
3
5
f
2
3
6
14
25 1
15
0
1
1
0
4
7
71
2
9
17
55
3 6
36
164
1959
13
FMEM
FHEM
10
19
1970
10
to
1
1
1960
10
to
1969
0
RSM
10
to
9q
9
10 aq
40
40001r
0
MPKI
MPM
CEVTTIRY
TOTAL
CLIMIRY TOT
FO
88q
0088
0
CR
FRNI
FRM
10
8
r
6
4
2
iw
OOs
ook
00
jos
los
ios
i
i
30
20
sos
soh
50
40s
pe
per
FO
Tom
tond
tood
IFO r deade
tomico
tomifo
25
3j
ajlik
lii
1
j1
ja
1
1
gos
60
ccnlur
ccniur
70n
70s
J
80.
80
Publica non
of FO bhv publication
don
dnn
C
22
FRM
7
20
FHEM 1I
FHEN
37
17
CR
F 1
15
25
am
9
10
F
5
2
1
7
1
0
0
2
1
1
i
OOs
00
20s 30 s
ios 20
40s
SOs
KIPM
MPM
a5q
5q
L
gos 70s
RSKI
RSM
1161
26
80s
occurrernc
gender companson
Com panson of frequencies of Occur
occurtenc
companion
Tenc FO of this topic taught to men and A omen
women had available RSM CR FRNI
FIRM FHEM
haj nvailahle MPM CR FRM
mm had
h1nhkdaadah1ck1pm
FRM FHEM
19ixi
19lkl
igo
190
19305
19kii
19405
190
1960
19701
1970
it
19901
1
0
0
0
2
7
18
11
4411
1
0
1
1
2
9
19
17
52
MEN
OKIEN
OMEN
0 MEN
AOMEN
BOMEN
18
cornpansoo
cornpnoo
19
17
R
aa
a3
i
r ra
00
OOs
C
i
1
ai
1i
10
los
ios
0 0
0
rov
20
iov
30
J
0 gs
sos
yov
yos
50
PM
NMI
W
6
8
3
i
ak
1
j
RSM KIPM
MPM
4
uk
2
RSKI ked
of RS
nd
and
eed
f
ri
i
rl S s 68 S t
s
i
9
1
7
i7
ia JRY
CENTURY
CEURY
19105
in
s
gos
hi
7 s
70s
bos
2
emwao
0
1960s
19 70s
1970s
0
kov
19
1980s
lov
i
figure 38 summary table and graphs
CI TIZEF
SHIP
patriotism
PATRjot1s
jotis M citizenship
tizel
iglo
38th
century
gem
geh
19kx
9lh
1910
ranking
10
to
1909
10
to
igo
1920
190
10
to
1919
1929
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
0
188
FHEM
0
0
RSKI
RSM
MPNI
MPM
1
0
1I
1
2
1
6
188
CR
FRM
TOTAL
i
OF
0
0
0
cest
celt
3
101
1
1930
to0
1939
1940
to0
1949
1930
1950
10
to
1939
1959
1960
10
to
1969
igo
igno
1910
190
1919
199
igho
1980
10
to
19k9
19r9
0
0
4
11
5
1
1
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
8
iss
1
ern
top
frequ
topic
erkles
ies per decade
les
erries
freau erk
tor ic frequencies
publication
in
LDS
or
maj
major
each
mch
be
D
13
FMEM
FHEM
cevert
cevrrt
C LNRR 1I TOTAL
1o
k5
ka
1
ao
10
20
36
6
14
25
.3
11
0
3
5
2
3
6
14
25
0
1
1
0
4
7
2
9
42
22
17
55
400
10 9
3 6
1
10
11.
4
16 41
M
RSM
at
9t
0
MPM
WKI
0 88
0
CR
FPNI
FRM
12
12i
f
10
8
r
6
r
ld
l
4
21I
1I
ri
0
00
L
ios
los
OOs
20s
L
pe r de
per
ade
decade
tolai FO pen
total
qc of
ccnturn
cenluc
25
1I
22
ikui
kli
1
M
9
gos
60
SOS
ios
1
11
nFU IL
H
40
30s
d
ii
80
80s
70s
FO b
pubblation
pnlbaliin
FRNI
FRM
7
20
FHEM 1
FHEN
37
371
17
CR
15
is
25
9
10
1
nip
KIP
MPM1I
5
2
i
1
1
1
0
1
10los
ios
20
20s 30 s
RSNI
RSM
266
5
r
0
OOs
2
&iii P
klit
alit
iiii
1
40s
yos
gos 70s
yok 60
70
bos
nomen
omcn
komen
homen
of frequencies of occurrence FO of this topic taught to men and oman
women had aa
RSKI CR FRM FHEM
men had mailable
anle MPM CR FRM FHEM
dahle RSM
dable
available
availahle
avail ahle
&ailable
gwi
gri
lyo
19409
19405
19509
19 Os
19205
9 wi
century
1940
1950
19103
1980
ivo
1960
191ui
19uo
igo
CENTURI
190
190
7
18
11
2
0
2
0
0
41
MEN
gnder
ander r Com
pamon
comparison
1
5
1
VOMEN
OKIEN
2
D
0
1
1
vomes
VOMEN
elonie
MEN
9
2
1
18
19
17
7
r
ei
OOs
0
ios
los
loi
20s
0
0
EO
E
30s
0
R
40s
EM
yos
yok
50
fi
M
gos
60
17
cowpfloo
compa150
of
52
rsm
nf add
ud 0PM
R
RSKI KIPM
RSM
MPM
S
9
1
axi
ariI
19
6
rih
HIM
kih
4
0711
3
i
A
km
L
001
R
Os
70s
gos
SOS
bos
bol
los
0
1960s
IN
1970
0
1980
1
x
1
figure 39 summary table and graphs
AND ANGER
contention
190
190
ivio
39th
century
1900
10
to
ranking
1009
1919
1910
10
to
1919
igo
1920
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
FHEM
10
to
1929
199
1930
10
to
1939
1940
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
00q
00
0000 1
3 8q
99
191
RSM
NIPM
MPM
CR
FIRUM
FRM
TOTAL
IDNT
OF C
CENT
per
topic
frejik
enches
frejii
deade
ilc
encies
frealtiencies
tor
0
0
0
0
oos
0010
001
D
Public allo
in
maj or LDS publication
atlo
alio
ioe
ineeach major
loe
10
to
1959
1949
1
WRONG
19
10
1960
10
to
1969
1970
10
to
19
1919
199
low
iov9
1980
10
to
1989
cew
lairy TOTAL
CEN
cexriry
FO
1I
M
0
0
0
4
6
3
13
1151
25 c
0
2
3
5
gep
gez
2
i
2i
0
6
3
3
9
3
19
36
361
1
4
2
3
10
19
4
13
21
Z1
12
53
39 6
22 6
7 5
73
14 5 7
24
0
RSKI
RSM
FHEM
102
26
0
MPM
CR
1
1
11
85
0 85q
0
FRM
fiot
ab
yf
10
3
8
6
r
4
fl
i
&
n
105
ios
OOs
fl
tomi FO pe r deajri
dearri
1
gos
gol
50
40s
30s
sb
1
1
20s
1
cenlur
of FO
70s
80s
puhl
bv publ
alion
25
21
fPRM
FHEEM
25 rX
20
13
12
RSM
9
met
wet
tei
4
5
2
0
0
0
OOs
r
1
CRH
CF
36
0
i
NIPM
MPM
11
gol
gol 70s gos
801
30 s 40
40s 50s gos
lav 20
lov 30s
las
los
gender comparison of ifrequencies
omen
to
lonnen
hornen
lo men and kornen
requcncics of occurrence FO of this topic taught 10
dahle
men had available
FRM FHEM
onen
ila
MPM
omen had tia
avail
ahle RSM CR FRNI
komen
availahle
available
albil
lomen
wn
orv
iiadahle
KIM CR FRM FHEM
iiailable orm
iia
gyo
19409
ivy
19305
19
193
19806
19205
19609
19109
1940
1901
1980
19003
1910
ivo
CENTURY
CENgirry
900
TirRY
1900
190
ivio
190
IMS
irio
kia
nia
NIEN
mes
MEN
nten
omes
OMEN
konien
bonien
0
0
ea
eD3 MEN
0
2
11
0
1
0
0
0
UWOMEN
WOMEN
4
13
19
9
48
4
11
19
12
47
comp
of rsm md
soa
comptilob
n111
nfim
ud afim
lon ailsia
ion
oilsia
RSKI
RSM MPM
KIPM
3
19 19
sa
xsl
asl
ssi
s3
13
11
1
s
12
2
r
s
0 0
00
OOs
0 0
10
lov
los
1
r3
0
20s
ra
0
1
1
30
30s
0
0
aos
4
4
E
RME
yov
yos
50
1
gov
gos
60
i1
70
70s
9
gos
bos
fowl
k
lj
i1
0
1960s
1960
11
2
im
4
sj
t 1
K
1
j
ma
1970s
190s
1y
0
19805
1980
A
103
03
figure 40 summary table and graphs
CHANGING ONES LIFE
40th
century
ranking
1900
to
1909
1910
10
to
1919
igo
1920
190
10
to
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
KIPM
MPM
CR
FRM
TOTAL
1940
10
to
1949
195u
19w
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
oot
00
001
0oot
0 t
1929
199
1
0
1
00 1
001
00
S OF
CENT
OFCENT
iglo
1910
10
to
1939
199
0007
0 it
olt
20olk
2
ade
freqvjen
jencius
jencies
decade
topic frequencies
delade
cies per de
cles
deade
ma or LDS publication
Public alloo
in each
fach major
0
eh
10
to
1959
0
ENI
FH
FHCM
ent
19
1910
1900
10
to
1979
1980
10
to
1989
5
7
0
1
12
2
2i
ai
0
0
6
3
4
7
14
4
2
6
12
7
3
17
33
4
1
4
9
18 1
181-
15
is
2
22
13
51
43
29 4
0
RSKI
RSM
igo
90
1960
10
to
1969
199
faf0
0
CR
total
TOTAI
z
0 017
oli
25 5
1
D
E
MPM
CTNUR
idmi110
ctntlirt
FRM
7
6
5
i
at
4t
4
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
0
OOs
ook
00
8
20s
20
105
los
ios
aos
30
30s
T
T
delade
total FO per decade
deade
25
70s
70
bog
oos
sos
50
ccnur
arv
urv
unk
urk
c
22
of
FO
FC3
j
1
1
bos
pun
pub icalion
bv
b publication
scalion
FRAI
FRM
frat
FHEM
IB
20
24 S
15
13
15
nid
jil
nil
huhm
huhs
10
L
5
0
0
OOs
ook
0
0
0
0
CR
gol
60
20s 30s sos yos gos
ios 20
los
70s
3
32q
RSKI
14
KIPM
M PM
122
1
80s
gender Com
panson of frequencies of
ofoccurrcnie
ofoccurrcntc
panon
comparison
occufferile FO of this topic taught
10
to men and komcn
omen
lo
koman
A omen had available
RSM CR FRM FMEM
komen
avail
anic RSKI
ahle
FHEM
albil anie
FEM
fee
men had available MPM
MPKI CR FRM FHEM
MEN
ONIEN
OMEN
century
1900s
190di
1910s
19201
19305
1910
iglo
19409
1940
19 SO
19sos
19601
1960
191
igl
1904
igro
1980
190
0
0
1
0
0
0
15
is
19
9
44
0
0
1
0
0
0
15
18
11
45
OMEN
onen
3 lonten
MEN
19
CENTURA
CEN
rlrrn
compansoo
soo of RSM md KWO
Compan
RSKI KIM
4
4
kia
nia
18
15 15
3
grm
0 0
00
0 0
ios
los
0 0
20s
30s
0 0
40s
0 0
so
50.
50
L
A
gos
k
MA
70s
80
0
0
1960s
1970s
1980s
1
figure
summary table and graphs
41
104
even
ever ING
FANilly HOME EVENING
FAMILY
41st
century
19kj
19k
ranking
10
to
19u9
FHENJ
FHEM
RSKI
RSM
PNII
KI
MPM
CR
FRKI
FRM
10
to
0
0
0
199
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
0014
00
TOTAL
1 OF CCENT
LXT
cest
ext
ent
190
igo10
19-
1910
10
to
1919
200
4
2
1930
10
to
1939
1940
10
to
1949
1950
190
10
to
1959
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
00
1
per
ade
topah
decade
de
freqn
topic
enches
3h frequencies
encies
frean
pu
publicalion
h
plication
bli atlon
Public
LDS
in
majon
cation
catlon
maj
major
JIL
or
lib
allon
alion
blication
ine
lnefa
lil
19
1900
10
1969
10
to
1919
199
1
5
1
1
3
0
RSKI
RSM
1980
10
to
19119
1989
cen711ri
cennirt
rennirt
TOTAL
FO-
8
16
2
4
8
3
2
8
16
10
10
1
Z
266
5533
2
0
1
3
17
19
8
49
14 7ac
7c
000
0
0
FHEM
FHEI
90
0
0
4
41
ca
c3
D
1960
sf
38
KIPM
MPM
16
8
D
ft
6
0 78
3
0
CR
FR
FW
10
8
6
r4
E
2
n
fl
00
ios
los
OOs
n
30
20
dtxaje
ade
dea
tolai FO
total
70 per de4
SOS
ccnlur
ccnturn
19
20
lix
kli
iia
70
80s
gos
50
40
f
c
F0
of FO
bbv
publiadon
nhbjltion
PubLia non
don
w
FF
frani
17
6
FHEKI
FHEM
i
16
1
15
1
10
K
8
5
ca a
2
2
0
oos
00
0
20
10
aos
40
30s
30
y
S
83
8
PM
KIPM
CR
54
1
0
qae
gae
gar
aae
RSKI
RSM
16
0
SOS
ios
gos 70s
70
80
occurrence
gender companion
nce FO of this topic taught to men
klan and women
klcn
wn of frequencies of Occue
Compan
gomen
women had aavailable RSM CR FRIA
FIRM
men
FHEM
FRM
FHEM
flum FHEKI
amiilahle MPM CR FRM
wn had aadablenipm
frfd FHENI
frid
MEN
NOMEN
19005
19105
1904
19105
19401
19ios
1960s
1901
19901
0
1
2
0
2
0
16
18
0
1
0
14
16
6
6
11 MEN
0
CENTURY
45
41
kil
nil
compansoo
soo
sod KIM
Compan
loo of RSM lod
nkonien
18
16
3
3
16
14
2
6
2
0
oos
0
105
los
0 0
0 0
0
eam
eak
1
2
2
E
6
2
30s
40s
yos
RN
gos
80s
1960s
I
1
1970s
1980.
1980
105
APPENDIX D
table
ranking of top 70 topics for the twentieth century
1I
C
CLL
or each tope walvin
ranking
renking of
Decade
within that
deoade
thatdecade
OQ
sos
IN
sob
10
00
20
30
50
50
40
rank
1.1
ig
lg
11
lit
IM
yrd
im
it
im
2nd
and
lat
ist
it
ist
ad
3rd
3d
chdw
it
2nd
ad
2d
Is
it
2nd
ad
2d
3rd
ard
9lh
9th
ath
IM
jith
15th
aith
22nd
ues
ah
3rd
ard
ist
5 magni
moral va
value
5moral
amoral
v1
rh
4th
ath
4h
6 chastity
ah
6lh
&h
1I
ah
1
faith
fah
rebgion
relig
22teach
teach children
steach
3
4
le
pfemhood
req
th
reques
ft
apoe
spoe
L
lovee of spotime and chaw
chldien
I1
ah
5h
M
7ui
7th
ath
9th
ath
lh
ft
ah
71th
7th
ath
6th
ath
ft
24th
9th
9lh
ath
9th
ath
isih
kh
sch
14th
loth
oth
sch
ath
x
22nd
22d
13th
14th
6th
6lh
ath
am
2xh
2m
8th
oth
ath
12th
4th
4lh
ath
9lh
9th
ath
ift
4th
ath
13th
kh
12lh
i2lh
ift
1I
loth
oth
ith
15th
15th
ath
5th
1I
icxh
folh
olh
I1 loth
ith
lith
6lh
6th
ath
I1
ith
alth
llth
ft
ah
26th
26lh
of
12th
12lh
24th
22nd
22ad
am
2clh
isi
ist
lsi
2m 22lt
alt
26th
P
13lh
13th
rf
rok of
puu
1I
1I
heals rjelatiomhipb
rwcinstp
17th
l7th
lath
I116th
ah
seh
15th
15h
200
16th
19th
I1
ft
20lh
20th
1
8lh
12
l2th
lath
geh
28lh
2&h
yrd
ith
alth
llth
27lh
7hh
kh
19lh
19th
19lh
19th
19th
oth
2lt
alt
PM
proper dating
reaped
nurturing cloae
close
semence
smence
som
lam
soerxx
laa
leona
leons
sol
tune use
ue
aid
ampre
appre
37
u
37appreciation
Appreciation
wg
family
fwndy home
horne evening
fandy
cahng
parent Ffanuhea
pereni
43
alies
llies
single P
fanchea
43single
soam
socm
erkd F
enid
soaety
arid
dy
end
fanuly
solety and
ianuly
out
odt
odi
oth
16lh
16th
1I
18lh
ath
sth
20th
15th
l5th
lath
14th
19lh
19th
22nd
lych
lyth
parem
roog
roeg
sth
I1ath
15th
23rd
scnpture study family and self
marageg
children strength to MA
mag
divorce council cancer
Concer
concerning
mg
goodd
53 E
wholesome 0
enviormenl
cir
clr
t
good
34 habit
54
habits
F
form
55
worth
warth
55worth
the
value of tim
tic individual
family Counci
intcr
councilds and inter
interview
agency teaching good use
57
ube
57agency
58 unity
undy
39 T
59
V
TV
morne
wholeaome
wholesome
muaic
muaia
music movies mai
voimorne
Voi
mal
60 H
management
manb
home mana
56
gm
sth
self
seif
wonh
sif jonh
62
selfitsh
selflewneu
need suk
62selfihnea
wsy
esy d children
63
63wayu&rd
64 working mothcn
mothm council to
mothe
65
grouth
kh in
talent O
65takru
gard
66
for
inst
inatrucboni
t
66gardening
Gardening
& dinst
self etee
etem
26th
I1
20th
1I
ft
22nd
lyth
25th
26th
19lh
19th
14th
19th
l9th
lath
26th
7th
ath
oth
1I
kh
30th
26lh
26th
20lh
20th
25lh
25th
23rd
14th
ath
l5th
5th
I1
2nd
and
1I
ath
15th
3th
26lh
26th
21st
21t
13th
ft
15th
l5th
lath
1I
yrd
oth
22rid
22nd
1I
12lh
25th
24th
24ih
loth
2lt
alt
21m
1I
loth
oth
ith
alth
llth
I1
26lh
2lt
alt
21st
ad
3rd
3d
2lt
alt
23rd
23d
2 im
28lh
2&h
23rd
27th
27lh
19lh
19th
2lt
alt
2 lat
ist
27th
22nd
22d
27th
27lh
28lh
28th
26lh
26th
eth
l7lh
7th
49lh
49th
49lh
49th
28lh
2&h
sit
sim
sit
siu
slu
sit
22nd
ft
22nd
54ih
54th
19th
9th
ath
51.1
511
sim
20lh
isch
sch
I1
2lt
alt
nh 21m
l7th
l7lh
leth
26lh
26th
12th
12lh
55th
56th
h
57th
57lh
57th
59th
22nd
24th
22nd
26th
26lh
goth
62nd
62d
ith
lith
1I
64th
20lh
20th
mth
20lh
20th
13lh
13th
m
69tni
67lh
67th
70 safety family and horne
home
70th
7xh
22nd
22d
25th
25h
42nd
42m
671h
67lh
29lh
29th
seh
30lh
30th
drug abue
abuse council against
againat
apinst
69 amm
tmm
28lh
28th
16th
19lh
19th
68
seh
29lh
41m
41t
67lh
29th
yoth
30th
25th
67
af
angier control of
angirr
67anger
alth
ith
llth
1I
1I
23rd
23d
66th
23rd
irth
ift
23rd
22d
2lt
alta 22nd
6th
6lh
ath
19th
9lh
9th
ath
loth
oth
ith
alth
llth
1I
22nd
40lh
40th
63rd
63d
7th
ath
30lh
30th
I1ath
15lh
229lh
goth
oth
25th
13th
30lh
30th
47th
47lh
tech
1I
1I
27th
27lh
447lh
ah
oth
ith
alth
llth
1I
28lh
28th
45th
45h
52
61
28lh
22nd
431h
45h
47
adance
church Ane
aoendance
aneadance
47church
5511
22nd
21
44th
45 loyalty
30
50
17th
ord
holiday etc
skxilj
49 Communication sedb
arid
end
and
skdb abid
25th
18th
lah
338lh
onea lafe
onca
ones
40
iafe
Changing one
life
40changing
t
pthhdy
ehdy
loth
oth
20lh
20th
35lh
35th
39th
42 Communication
imre
Sma
mcaboy
sincere
irre
mcabon suncere
15th
32nd
wrongg
39
ccinwnucin and anger W
39cortenbon
H
honor
honar
14th
19lh
19th
337lh
ah
13th
ath
3th
I1
sch
16th
ath
6th
30lh
30th
35th
48
ah
esth
5th
sth
24th
24ih
rieng
35
management
Clothing Maneger
manegerrient
rient
35clothing
AM
oth
24th
291th
29th
34th
46
I1
28lh
2&h
34 ext
nily nurturing
ded Far
extended
family
exi
fsr
pst
patnotum
pvitnowrn
Pat
enship
rstnotum clu
nship
cuizentnp
cin
ciu
ith
alth
llth
1I
200i
20th
ah
oth
32nd
mness
36 eness
illneu treatment first
firu
16th
ft
9lh
9th
ath
1I
alt
3olh
30lh
bolh
32 H
maintenance
home
orrie
wriance
arrie M
triance
png ovn
2lt
alt
2 im
21st
2lt
lah
22nd
22d
2 ah
27th
33 pk
planningg jovn
organizingg
1I
26th
27 lamp
bibay
lkmp
bibty
reaponaibility
cons
44 Traditi
tradition
ith
alth
llth
1
1I
24ih
24lh
chancier
ft
ft ift
1I
ith
lith
26th
20th
14th
21m
12lh
i2lh
1I
loth
oth
2nd
and
ad
2d
7th
ath
24th
24ih
25
food nutrition etc
15food
be
ft
isch
24 family
fwnily
fenily
rebuoruhipb cloae
reiatioriihip
close
ft
14th
1I
plmx
D
plex wise
duaplne
wic appropriate
wie
1
14th
22nd
41
yrd
9lh
9th
ath
23 humen
human
humn development
38
yrd
ath
sth
5h
ware
20
vel
vei
value of
work
20work
warl val
31
4th
4lh
ath
ath
l3h
3th
heahy
hm1th hygiene etc
heahh
19
Education
19education
30manlaj
30
manta
belati
relation
mania relati
oth
1I
1I
18
29
2nd
2d
ad
rh
17 H
conety
ty
honety
28 mate
male selection
maie
2nd
and
ah
of parents
seim
yrd
3th
ath
5h
sbllj
saw
sed for
14
14conaideration
conaidimucin etc
15
15togelhemew
Togaherness
togaherness
se
26
Service
blaids
selm
26service
rudds
im budds
2nd
ad
2d
it
lt
ft
PJ
22 forg
fogg
forgivene
ivend
ivene
1.1
11
lyth
13
T ci S
13teadang
21
it
ia
it
4th
ath
wy
F
preying
family
prying PpersonalJ amy
moneyY M
moncy
M
management
g
A
16
example
16example
it
ist
geh
AU sooety
socwty
besu of AH
basu
solety
12
ole
aie
ale
Fatherhoodk R
fathers
fatherf
12fatherhood
role
roie
st
1I
56
fidelity
MY
80
4th
ath
99motherhoodwomanhood
maherticiod Wornan
wornanhood
hood
11
1I
70
seh
7 marriage instructicins
inknxxiom for
10
itah
oth
60
ah
4th
ath
4h
d
8 Far
nily
family
1I
it
106
20lh
20th
107
occurence
Occur ence FO that each topic was recorded by century
following table contains the frequencies of occurrence
each decade is reported in the columns on the right side ot the page from 1900 to 1989
the
then
century
FO
ranking
alth
aith
faith
religion
22teach
teach children
steach
3 love
ove of spouse and children
4 parenthood
arent hood responsibilities
5 moral
orai values
oral
66chastity
chastity fidelity
1
marriage
77marriage
instructions for
88family
adi
ail society
all
family basis of aji
99motherhood
motherhood womanhood role of
10
praying personal family
10praying
11 money
oncy management
oney
12 fatherhood
atherhood role of
13 teaching skills for parents
14 consideration
on sideration etc
15 togetherness
oget herness
parents
16
of
example
16example
17 honesty
onesty
18
health hygiene etc
18health
education
19
19education
20
work value of
20work
discipline wise appropriate
22 forgiveness
heeds
heals relationships
forgiveness
orgiveness heads
23 human
uman development
24 family
amily relationships close
25 food
ood nutrition etc
26
service builds character
26service
27 responsibility
28 mate
ate selection proper dating
21
respect
29
29respect
30
marital relations nurturing close
30marital
social
ocial science lessons
32 home
ome maintenance
33 planning
lanning organizing time use
34 extended family nurturing
35 clothing
lothing management
36
illness treatment first aid
36illness
37 appreciation
patriotism
38 patriotism
atriotism citizenship
wrong
anger
on
and
39 contention
contention
ontention
tention
40
changing ones life
40changing
41 amily
family home evening
42 communication sincere caring
parent
43 single
families
ingle
44
etc
holidays
44traditions
traditions
31
45
loyalty
46
society and family
46society
47 church
hurch attendance
48 honor
onor parents
49 communication skills and tech
OOs
Os
ios
los
20s
30s
40s
50s
gos
70s
80s
st
ist
707
322
27
44
4
46
411
40
53
153
185
139
39
nd
2nd
and
rd
3rd
ard
th
4th
ath
5th
th
ath
th
6th
ath
7th
ath
th
8th
th
ath
9th
ath
516
322
33
355
25
399
27
988
126
01
101
276
6
6
12
2
5
5
16
633
90
733
258
19
9
33
14
4
17
255
19
488
54
299
237
133
15
188
22
200
12
611
45
3311
201
4
15
14
4
10
188
25
333
48
344
171
2
10
133
5
177
19
200
47
388
153
1
4
8
7
188
7
322
37
399
144
4
1
7
17
8
11
3
14
200
38
299
loth
oth
Ilith
ith
142
5
6
7
4
9
8
28
41
34
1
139
10
9
16
13
4
17
20
24
26
ath
12th
2th
135
2
4
4
3
4
9
23
50
36
loth
oth
134
0
0
2
0
0
0
127
27
1
4
ath
14th
4th
15th
16th
ath
6th
16th
18th
8th
ath
19th
9th
ath
19th
ath
9th
125
4
2
4
1
3
4
30
47
30
115
8
7
6
3
7
5
19
23
37
97
11
6
4
2
10
9
18
24
13
97
3
5
4
9
7
11
17
.17
17
17
23
18
91
0
13
9
16
8
1
23
10
11
89
3
3
19
1
7
6
21
12
17
89
7
9
3
5
3
3
11
23
25
21
st
21st
ist
87
5
5
2
3
3
4
8
16
27
27
17
22nd
2nd
and
22nd
2nd
and
24th
4th
ath
24th
4th
ath
26th
6th
ath
27th
8th
28th
ath
29th
9th
ath
30th
oth
32nd
2nd
and
32nd
2nd
and
34th
4th
ath
35th
5th
ath
35th
5th
ath
37th
8th
38th
ath
39th
ath
9th
oth
1 st
441st
ist
42nd
2nd
and
43rd
3rd
ard
4th
44th
ath
45th
5th
45th
ath
7th
ath
47th
7th
ath
47th
49th
ath
9th
82
1
2
6
0
1
4
17
26
25
82
0
5
18
9
13
0
14
13
10
75
2
0
0
4
3
3
15
36
12
75
0
15
1
3
5
18
7
19
7
73
1
1
2
2
0
0
9
28
30
69
4
3
4
4
3
4
10
22
15
IS
68
1
2
4
2
6
6
7
12
28
64
2
3
2
0
1
2
8
300
16
62
3
0
0
1
1
3
8
19
27
62
0
1
0
37
7
4
0
7
6
61
0
0
7
3
8
17
12
9
5
61
0
0
1
0
2
3
11
29
1
60
1
1
0
2
2
2
7
18
27
58
0
5
2
10
4
5
6
58
0
4
2
26
8
0
0
4
222
20
55
2
1
0
1I
1
1
2
9
22
17
54
0
2
12
3
10
15
1
6
5
53
0
0
2
1
1
0
4
13
13
21
1
51
0
0
1
0
0
0
15
22
13
49
0
1
2
0
2
0
17
19
8
45
0
0
0
1I
1
0
7
13
23
44
1
1
0
2
1
26
0
6
7
43
1I
1I
1I
3
0
0
15
1 1
11
1 1
42
1
3
1
0
0
1
10
8
18
42
0
0
3
3
1I
1
13
10
11
40
jt0
jtb
3
2
3
0
5
3
7
9
8
40
1
3
1
2
4
2
9
10
8
38
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
277
6
1I
0
0
0
1
155
122
11
108
century
ranking
7050
scripture study family and self
50scripture
51 children
hildren strength to marriage
52
divorce council concerning
52divorce
OOs
Os
ios 20s
los
30s
40s
50s
gos
70s
80s
9th
49th
ath
551st
ist
551st
ist
51st
ist
54th
55th
56th
6th
ath
7th
ath
57th
57th
59th
9th
ath
goth
38
1
3
0
2
1
0
6
11
14
35
4
4
4
1
3
1
6
8
4
35
0
2
2
2
7
3
3
9
7
35
6
4
3
3
4
2
4
4
5
33
3
0
10
6
8
0
0
1
2
3
32
0
0
0
2
0
0
6
18
6
31
1
0
1
1
1
0
7
9
111
29
0
0
0
2
0
0
10
13
4
299
0
0
0
2
1
3
5
4
14
28
0
0
0
1
5
1
6
3
12
27
2
4
1
0
0
4
3
8
5
goth
oh
27
1
i
1
0
0
0
0
6
7
12
62nd
2nd
and
63rd
63 wayward
ayward children
3rd
ard
64th
64 working
orking mothers council to
4th
ath
65th
65 talents growth in
5th
ath
6th
66th
ath
66
66gardening
gardening instructions for
7th
67th
ath
67 anger
nger control of
7th
ath
67th
68
drug abuse council against
7th
67th
ath
69
trust
69trust
oth
70
safety family and home
70safety
771st
st
71 companionship
ompanionship
72nd
72
acceptance cooperation
cceptance
acceptance
2nd
72acceptance
and
72rd
2rd
73 community
ard
om munity influence
74th
4th
ath
74 abortion wrong except in case of
75th
75 abuse
and
child
wife
5th
ath
buse
busc
75th
76 children duties of
77th
76 friends and wholesome activities
78th
77 homosexuality wrong not alternati
Alter nati
alternate
aiternati
century and each decade total FO
26
0
1I
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
9
11
22
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
21
0
2
0
0
6
2
5
2
4
19
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
8
4
18
0
8
1
0
0
1
0
5
3
17
0
0
1
3
0
0
4
7
2
17
0
0
1
0
1
0
6
4
5
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
10
4
16
0
2
0
0
0
7
4
0
3
155
3
3
1
1
0
0
1
1
4
1
1
4
14
0
0
0
1I
0
0
4
8
1I
14
0
0
1
0
0
2
3
5
3
1I 1
11
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
6
4
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
8
10
0
0
1
1
0
1
3
1
1
2
9
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
2
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
6271
221
331
339
331
387
432
1235
1629
1342
53 enviorment
nviorment wholesome good
54 habits form good
55 worth value of the individual
56 family councils and interviews
agency teaching good use
57
57agency
58 unity
anity
nity
T V music movies wholesome
59 TV
60 home management
61 self esteem
seif worth
self
62
62selfishness
selfishness need selflessness
1
found in more frequency but seperate topic was not formed soon enough to record correct frequency
still frequencies were minimal and only found
the topic drug abuse council against
teaching called the word of wisdom
in
later decades
may have been located in other topics such as the LDS health code
log
109
APPENDIX E
110
the
following topics outlined with brief examples and explanations were
categorized on a worksheet during the study to keep the many principles separated into
these 78 topics
1
n
faith religion
lessons in faith and religion that enhance the individual and
1I
family well
being
wellbeing
2
renn
childrenn
teach Child
childrens
children many FLE principles the importance of parents teaching
children
3
love of spouse
1I
children
includes love in marriage family life and among
each family member
4
parenthood responsibilities
5
moral values
instructions for parents role
morality sense of right and wrong or ethical standards
6
chastity
marriage
7
ways of quality marriage marriage is the
instructions for
foundation of home and family enriching marriage constant courtship living
lock is counterfeit marriage etc
together of wed
wedlock
8
society
family basis ofall
ali
ail
all
of
cfall
of family
9
motherhood womanhood role of womanhood importance of responsibilities
of motherhood foundation of home mothers care and influence of children etc
10
1I
fidelity
chastity abstinence before marriage and fidelity after
marriage
family is the foundation of all all society purpose
1I
praying family and personal
family prayer personal prayer
11
money management
financial planning instruction in financial resources
council to stay out of debt
12
fatherhood role of responsibilities of fatherhood importance of fathers role
husbands supportive of wives etc
13
parents
skills ror
teaching skillsfor
for
instructions in skills for teaching children such as
role play discussion stories etc
14
was a grouping of the following topics
etc
politeness courtesy sensitivity patience
consideration
kindness
ill
lii
111
III
15
togetherness
doing things together spending time together recreation with
family etc
16
parents
example of
parental example good father mother image children
learn from example of parents
leam
is a character strength
17
honesty
18
health hygiene etc hygiene cleanliness sanitation physical exercise weight
control
education
19
education for parents parents involved children reading to
children guiding educators being being involved in the education of children
council concerning education beyond high school
20
work value of
ofaf
offf teaching the value of work to your children learning discipline
of working builds character etc
21
discipline wise appropriate wise appropriate measures positive guidance
teach children to be disciplined absence of anger in discipline in love to teach
obedience etc
22
forgiveness heals relationships is a way of bringing peace to families and
individual family members important aspect of family life need for forgiveness
in family living
23
human development
24
family relationships close strengthened nurturing caring
25
food nutrition etc
preserving canning
child development adolescent development aging etc
food planning preparation of food dietary balance
skillful buying of
26
service builds character service to family and others builds character
27
responsibility to family being responsible learning of etc
28
29
30
mate selection proper dating teaching courtship to children preparation for
marriage teaching sexual relations responsibility of parents etc
1I
respect in marriage and family relations
marital relations nurturing close having loving caring closeness oneness
in marriage
112
31
social science lessons personality development emotional illness stress
anxiety psychology of self and others
32
home maintenance
appliances etc
ho
homaking
homaging
making skills interior decorating use of household
33
planning organizing
ising time use wise use of time goals and decision making
Organ izing
34
extended family nurturing nurturing generational ties caring for aged parents
generational ties through family organizations
35
clothing management sewing clothing wise selections of care and repair of
36
illness treatment first aid recognizing and treating
37
appreciation gratitude of family and loved ones
38
patriotism citizenship taught in home gratitude for
39
contention and anger wrong avoid contention in family keep conflict out of
home be patient have self control
40
changing ones life adaptability willingness to change to better relationships
in home
41
family home evening council to hold FHE directions on what to do why to
hold FHE etc
42
communication
criticism etc
sincere
caring
understanding
caring listening
lack of
43
parent
single
families council for single parents importance of carrying on
44
traditions holidays etc
having lasting family memories personal family
traditions
45
46
loyalty
commitment support
ami family importance of society and family working together
society amt
and
supporting laws society upholding and aiding family
47
church attendance as a family activity strengthens family
48
parents
and children learn
leam obedience
honor
113
1
49
communication skills and technique such as mirroring
50
scripture study family and self in the home
51
children strength to marriage meaning children are a strength to marriage
52
divorce council concerning to be avoided council in case of
53
enviorment
envionnent wholesome good influences children community influence
54
good
form good habits in the home habit formation
habits form
fonn
55
worth value of the individual
56
family councils and interviews council with spouse etc
57
agency teaching good use giving choices growth in deciding with guidance
58
unity
59
V
T
wholesome
movies
music
TK
I
language etc
wise appropriate selection
60
home management also see home beautification clothing foods etc
61
esteem
self
62
selfishness
problems
root
of
selflessness
selfishness need senn
Seff
senf
lessness
63
wayward children council concerning
64
working mothers council to
65
talents growth in developing talents creativity
66
gardening instructions for
67
1I
self worth acceptance of self
council to involve families
anger control of is part of family life learn
leam to control
it express it appropriately constructive ways of releasing
68
drug abuse council against
69
trust
70
safety family and home
confidence in
114
APPENDIX F
115
table
1I
produced
in the LDS church during the
manuals
of family relations
historical list
twentieth century
table
2
produced
in the LDS church
manuals
evening
historical list of family home
during the twentieth century 1965 to 1985
table
1I
title
publisher
author
copyright
1906
sunday school
outlines of the
parents department
deseret sunday school
union 1906
committee
issued by the deseret
sunday school union
1908
parent and child A
series of essays and
deseret sunday school
union 1908
committee
parents
in
use
the
for
department of the
latter day saints
st used
ist
1I
lessons
sunday schools
1909
parent and child A
series
serles of essays and
II
lessons vol 11
deseret sunday school
union
committee
joseph F smith for the
deseret sunday school
union salt lake city
1909 for use in the
parents department of
the latter day saints
sunday schools
1916
parent and child
volume three child
study and training
deseret sunday school
union 1916
mosiah hall
joseph F smith for the
deseret sunday school
union salt lake city
1916
1925
to parents on
home and life
talks
deseret book
company 1925
mosiah hall
ahm
BS phm
problems
joseph F smith for the
deseret sunday school
union salt lake city
1925
1950
parent and child in
the latter day saint
deseret sunday school
union 1949
edith bowen
deseret sunday school
union board salt lake
city 1949
home
1952
parent and youth
deseret sunday school
union 1952
asahel D
woodruff
deseret sunday school
union board salt lake
city 1952
1963
gospel living in the
home used in the
gospel doctrine
sunday school class
for the entire year
deseret sunday school
union 1962
committee
deseret sunday school
union board salt lake
city 1962
116
title
publ
publisher
isher
author
copyright
1967
68
196768
family relations
class teacher s
supplement for family
home evening
68
196768
manual 1967
deseret sunday school
union 1967
committee
deseret sunday school
union board salt lake
city 1967
1968 69
196869
family relations
deseret sunday school
1969
union 1968
committee
deseret sunday school
union board salt lake
city 1968
st used
ist
1
class teachers
supplement for family
home evening
69
196869
manual 1968
70
1969
196970
family relations
class teachers
supplement for family
home evening
70
196970
manual 1969
deseret sunday school
union 1969
committee
deseret sunday school
union board salt lake
city 1968
71
1970
197071
family relations
class teachers
supplement for family
home evening
71
197071
manual 1970
deseret sunday school
union 1969
committee
deseret sunday school
union board salt lake
city 1969
1975
family relations
the church of jesus
committee
corporation of the
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints 1975
committee
corporation of the
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints 1987
committee
corporation of the
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints 1985
christ of latter day
saints 1975
1987
1985 1987
teach them correct
the church of jesus
principles A study in
family relations
christ of latter day
saints 1987
A
parents guide
supplement to family
home evening
resource book 1985
and teach them
correct principles A
study in family
relations 1987
the church of jesus
christ of latter day
saints 1985
117
table
2
year U
sed
used
1965
title
publ
publisher
isher
Lesson
Author
authorlesson
copyright
family home evening
manual
council of the twelve
apostles of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
committee
46 lessons
1965 corporation of the
family home
evening manual 1966
council of the twelve
apostles of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
committee
46 lessons
family home
evening manual 1967
council of the twelve
apostles of the church
of jesus christ of
lauter
latuer
utter
latter day saints
committee
30 lessons
family home
evening manual 1968
council of the twelve
apostles of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
committee
45 lessons
family home
evening manual 1969-
council of the twelve
apostles of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
committee
47 lessons
council of the twelve
apostles of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
committee
56 lessons
first presidency of the
committee
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
49 lessons
family home
evening manual
personal commitment
first presidency of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
committee
45 lessons
family home
evening manual the
first presidency of the
committee
39 lessons
74 corporation of
1973
197374
the president of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
committee
44 lessons plus
75 corporation of
1974
197475
the president of the
helps for
parents
church of jesus christ
of latuer
lauter
latter day saints
committee
36 lessons plus
family
milestones and
special need
1975
76 corporation of
197576
teaching and living
the gospel in the
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
home
1966
1967
1968
70
1969
196970
70
71
1970
197071
1971
72
197172
family home
1970 71
evenings 197071
family home
evening manual
heaven in our home
74
1973
197374
2
atl
law aal
1974 75
197475
1975
76
197576
family home
evening manual love
makes our house a
home ff33
family home
evening manual walk
in the
light
4
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
first presidency of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
first presidency of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
1967 corporation of the
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
1968 corporation of the
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
1969
70 corporation of
196970
the president of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
71 corporation of
1970
197071
the president of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
taz
8
73
1972
197273
1966 corporation of the
1971
72
197172
corporation of
the president of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
73 corporation of
1972
197273
the president of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
the president of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
118
year used
77
1976
197677
title
publisher
Lesson
Author
authorlesson
copyright
family home
evening manual
families are forever
the church of jesus
committee
34 lessons plus
77 corporation of
1976
197677
christ of latter day
saints
the president of the
special helps
church of jesus christ
lanner
lanterr day saints
of latt
latter
the church of jesus
committee
1977
78 corporation of
197778
christ of latter day
saints
29 lessons plus
special helps
the president of the
family home
evening manual
strengthening
families 7
jesus
of
church
the
christ of latter day
saints
committee
1978
79 corporation of
197879
38 lessons
the president of the
1979
80
197980
family home
evening manual
personal commitment
jesus
of
church
the
christ of latter day
saints
committee
43 lessons
1979 80 corporation of
197980
the president of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
81
1980
198081
family home
evening manual
heaven in our home
jesus
of
church
the
christ of latter day
saints
committee 30
lessons
81 corporation of
1980
198081
the president of the
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
1982
family home
evening manual
delight in the law of
jesus
of
church
the
christ of latter day
saints
committee
1982 corporation of the
36 lessons
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
committee
5 chapters 340
pages
1983 corporation of the
rrs
5
1977
78
197778
family home
evening manual
happiness through
faith in jesus christ
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
6
79
1978
197879
church of jesus christ
of latter day saints
the lord
1985
the church of jesus
family home
evening resource
book
christ of latter day
saints
1I
L
1I
president of the church
of jesus christ of
latter day saints
family life education in the church of jesus christ of
latter day saints in the 20th century
A historical
ray
review
W stringham
department of family sciences
MS degree december
1992
ABSTRACT
this
thesis reviewed selected educational literature in almost 350 texts
published by the church of jesus christ of latter day saints mormon from
general authorities and manuals which included content curriculum in adult family
life education for the adult womens organization relief society for the mens
melchizedek priesthood and for parents instructing their children at home family
home evening
topics were ranked by century according to frequencies of occurrence FO
in the five major publications topics were also summarized by each decade tables
were provided which summarized the top 40 of 78 topics identified recurring
themes suggest family is the basis of society and central to the counsel received by
members of the LDS church and that the content of the counsel has not changed
across the century for example the role that faith and religion plays in
strengthening families the importance of parents teaching their children love of
spouse and family the reality of forgiveness as a tool to healing relationships the
teaching of moral values including chastity premarital abstinence and fidelity in
marriage are constant and basis ingredients of LDS family life education
COMMITTEE APPROVAL
terrance D olson committee chairman
ivan F beutler committee member
y
terrance D olson
j
department chairman