The Industrial Symbiosis
at Kalundborg, Denmark
John Kryger
Head of Institute
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Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute
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Kalundborg Symbiosis
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THE INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS
The Industrial Symbiosis at Kalundborg
is a resource and environmental network,
consisting of twenty-some bilateral,
commercial agreements between five industries,
two waste handling companies and the utilities
department of the municipality.
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Industrial Symbiosis
Industrial Symbiosis was relatively new in the 1960-ties
and is common know-ledge to-day.
The systematic use of the Industrial Symbiosis concept
as i Kalundborg is still not common practise in other
industrial parks. Not in Denmark or world wide.
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WHY KALUNDBORG?
• The industrial potential existed:
Ö Several large industries
Ö Limited physical distances
Ö ”A good fit”
• The economic incentive existed
• There were no legal barriers
• The communication was good
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The Members
Asnæs Power Station
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Symbiosis Activities
Three types of projects:
Recycling of water:
Exchange of energy:
Recycling of waste products:
12 Projects
6 Projects
8 Projects
+ The Symbiosis Institute
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TOTAL SYMBIOSIS SYSTEM 2007
Lake
Tissø
The Municipality
of Kalundborg
1 Surface water 1961
Fertilizer
industry
13 Sulphur 1990
Fertilizer 2001
3
Surface
water
1973
24 Sea water 2007
19 Sludge
Waste water
treatment
Purification
of water
7
Heat
1981
1998
RSG 90
17 Waste water 1995
10 Surface water 1987
23
Alkoholic
Residue
2006
22
Water
2004
9 Steam 1982
Statoil
Refinery
Novozymes
Asnæs
Power Station
11 Cooling
water 1987
8 Steam 1982
Novo Nordisk
14 Tech.water 1991
Re-use
basin
18 Drain water 1995
21 Deionized water 2002
16 Gypsum 1993
Gyproc
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6 Heat
1980/89
5
Fly ash
1979
Cement
industry
The Symbiosis Institute
1996
Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute
Fish farm
4
Biomass/
NovoGro
1976
12
Yeast
slurry
1989
Pig farms
Farms
Collaboration
with
KARA/Noveren
8
CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
ss
Ti
ø
r
te
a
w
Ga
s
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960
´1970
1980
1990
The name ”Industrial Symbiosis”
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Industrial Symbiosis
What has been achieved?
• Environmental aspects
• Economic aspects
• Social aspects
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Environmental aspect
Resource savings.
Examples:
• Ground water …………….... 1,9 mill. m3/year
• Surface water ……………… 1,0 mill. m3/year
• Natural gypsum ……………. 200,000 ton/year
• Oil ………………………………20,000 ton/year
Reduction of NOx and SOx emissions.
Reductions of COD and BOD emissions.
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Environmental aspect
Future potential savings:
• Additional water savings of > 200.000 m3 by recycling
of steam condensate
• CO2 reductions through efficient use of energy
surplus and increased use of bio-mass as secondary
fuel
• Involve SME’s (non-members) in the symbiosis
network – increase energy, waste and rawmaterial
efficiency
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Economic aspects
Economic Results:
Total investments in 18 projects: ~ 75 mio. US$
Annual savings:
> 15 mio. US$
Total savings until 2000:
~ 180 mio. US$
The economic results is much better to-day!
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Social aspects
Examples of spin-off effects:
•
•
•
•
Establishing of the Industrial Development Board of
the Kalundborg Region
Increased collaboration between neighbour
municipalities in the region
Collaboration in other issues, such as safety,
training, human resources
Added benefit to establish new production facilities
in Kalundborg
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Long Term Potential
• Improve the Kalundborg results
• Extend the Symbiosis Network to other regions in
Denmark
• New innovative symbiosis projects e.g. use of
alternative energy sources (biomass – biogas – solar
and wind)
• R&D in new technologies for improved synergy and
ZERO waste.
• Export of experiences and know-how world wide
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What makes Industrial Symbiosis a success?
What is needed to implement, successfully,
symbiosis among private industries?
• Awareness
• Willingness
• Feasibility
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Lessons learnt
Systems makes it possible –
People makes it happen!
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Power Station
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