This is AE3.
Alex Brotman - Gachon University
Unit 7: Student-generated Vocabulary Study Guide
accountable, hold accountable for
definitions:
to consider someone responsible for something; liable to account for one's
actions; have responsibility for; hold someone responsible
synonyms:
responsible
antonyms:
unaccountable
mnemonics:
hold accountant accountable for accounting fraud
accountable = duty, someone who hold's a duty (?)
examples:
Schools are held accountable for the student's test results.
The boss held Jane accountable for the company being in the red.
In this war, the generals are held accountable for protecting their soldiers.
from book:
Teachers were held accountable for the student's progress.
Teachers should not be held accountable for their student's test score.
advocate
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
buckle down
definitions:
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antonyms:
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examples:
from book:
supporters/believers of one side of a controversy; someone who supports or
recommends an idea, proposal, etc.; someone who publicly supports something
supporter
opponent
ad (~을) + vocate (부르다)
He is an advocate of Obama.
She has been a strong advocate for countries tackling high budget difficulties.
She is a strong advocate for helping children.
In the early 20th century, there were not many advocates of homework.
I'm an advocate of less homework and longer school days.
Advocates believe homework teaches responsibility, keeps kids off the streets,
helps refine study skills, and gets parents involved in their kids schooling.
concentrate and do your work; to begin working seriously on something
undertake
be distracted
belt buckle → "buckle down" to go to work
I decided to buckle down and write this report.
I'll buckle down and study for the final exam.
It's time to buckle down and finish my homework.
I need to buckle down this time.
When I was in middle school, we had to come home from school and immediately
buckle down to do our homework.
(a) cinch
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
come to mind
definitions:
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mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
conked out
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
count on
something that is very easy; an easy thing
easy
hard; difficult
It's easy just like cin-ch. That's OK.
Using pronunciation [sin+tɕ] = [쉽지]
cinch, chick (병아리) 같이 쉬움
Receiving a scholarship is a cinch.
The first question is a cinch.
I thought the test was a cinch.
Math is a cinch for you!
occurred to me; be remembered; if something comes to mind, you suddenly
remember or think of it; occur to me
think of; remember; spring to mind
forget; can't remember
→ ♥ (but remember in English 'mind' = 'brain'; in the head)
The name does not come to mind.
His past mistake suddenly came to mind.
Not that many other ideas come to mind.
The first thing that came to mind was a poor fifth grader surrounded by math
textbooks.
to fall asleep
fell asleep
stayed awake
conk = hit your head → when you CONK out, you fall ASLEEP and hit your head on
the desk
I conked out early last night because I was so tired from studying all week.
I was so tired I almost conked out halfway through reading the research paper.
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
demanding
definitions:
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mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
distraught
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examples:
from book:
duty
definitions:
to expect; to rely or depend on; to put trust in with confidence
depend on; rely on
be self-reliant; be independent
"count" is associated with money or finance, so you should entrust a person who
you can count on when we count too many things → we need some help → rely on
→ count on
Can I count on your help?
She is someone you can really count on when times get rough.
We are counting on you, so don't let us down.
I think we can count on that.
What we weren't counting on was that at the end of the day all of that comes
home, and so someone has to then support the students and monitor the
students in getting this work done.
requiring more effort than usually expected; a demanding job or task requires a
lot of your time, energy, or attention
difficult; challenging; hard
easy; a cinch
demand' means to require → demand + demand + demand + ... → demanding
Climbing a mountain is a demanding task.
Every single day was quite demanding.
I found the job very demanding.
The work is physically demanding!
Students who complete demanding homework assignments will do better in their
schoolwork.
In the early 21st century, teachers began to assign more homework and more
demanding assignments.
in an extremely troubled state of mind; very upset; confused by something
frantic
calm; normal
It is like 'distract'
similar to 'drought' (like having a 'drought' of happiness)
like 'destroy' → If you have 맨붕 you are distraught
He was distraught at his own stupidity.
He was totally distraught about everything going wrong.
Sometimes she becomes so distraught.
Today, some children have so much homework that they become distraught
when they can't complete it.
something you must do
synonyms:
antonyms:
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examples:
from book:
fluctuate
definitions:
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examples:
from book:
foundation
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
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examples:
from book:
responsibility
choice
duty-free store is free from duty
The father has a duty to raise his children well.
Men in Korea have a duty to become soldiers and protect the country.
Doing substantial amounts of homework was considered a student's duty.
change frequently; to vary in amount, value, level, etc; to rise and fall; to change
continually; changing from one level to another continually
change; rise and fall; go up and down; shift
persist; stay; hold; stay fixed
a ""flag"" moves like 플럭플럭 and it "fluctuates"
"fluc" sound like Korean 플럭플럭, the mimetic word of the shape of a flag when
it's windy"
The price of oil fluctuated sharply last year.
Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.
My mood seems to fluctuate from day to day.
The amount of homework that students get has fluctuated throughout American
history, and today it varies from school to school.
the basis on which a theory (etc.) depends; a strong beginning; an idea from
which a system develops
basis
conclusion; finish; end
cosmetic foundation; the first step of make-up
The foundation of his company is based on creativity.
Homework was not seen as a foundation for learning.
have (one's) nose to the grindstone
definitions:
Apply yourself conscientiously to your work.
synonyms:
focus well on your work
antonyms:
daze off; daydream
mnemonics:
a grindstone is used for sharpening knives → sharpening knives is dangerous work
→ you should point (have) your nose at the grindstone, because if you look away
you might cut your hand
examples:
I know your class is hard, but don't give up yet. I'm sure that if you just keep your
nose to the grindstone, you'll get the results you want.
from book:
When I was younger, I always had my nose to the grindstone. But it didn't seem to
help, actually.
hopping mad
definitions:
synonyms:
very angry
pissed off, angry
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
monitor
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
obedient
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examples:
from book:
outlawed
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from book:
over the top
definitions:
synonyms:
calm, happy
if you are really angry, you will jump up and down, which is called "hopping". So
you are "hopping mad".
Joe got hopping mad when the store clerk was rude to him.
Professor Lamov got hopping mad last time he had to grade late papers.
carefully check or examine; keep an eye on; watch something;
watch; check; observe
ignore; overlook
monitor = computer screen → we see the screen → watch
mʘnitʘr
Monitor your child for signs of infection.
Did your parents monitor your homework?
Each student's progress is closely monitored.
My boss monitors me while I'm working.
Parents began to monitor their children's work.
to be compliant; willing to do what someone tells you to do or to follow a law,
rules, etc.
submissive; docile
disobedient; naughty
Kids who are named 'obe' and 'dient' are good to their parents.
Think about the word "obey" meaning that someone follows some rule or
command.
Ob = [a head with a thumbs up]. I agree = obey.
That child is obedient to his parents.
It's important for kids to be obedient at home.
to be illegal; to be against the law
illegal; unlawful
legal; lawful
go OUTside of the LAW.
The government passed a bill that outlawed children under 12 from working at a
job.
Homework as punishment should really be outlawed.
going beyond what is expected; going beyond the limit; doing something
excessively or too much
excessive; exaggerated
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
pay off
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
within limits; moderate
Think about the image of something literally GOING OVER THE TOP
This story is a little bit over the top.
This story is over the top. I can't believe it.
Some parents think that the amount of homework that is expected is over the top.
leads to good results; a fruitful result
helpful
harmful
pay (bring good results) + off (to me)
pay means give money. pay off means something comes to you (like money) in a
good way
"Years of hard work will finally pay off.
It looks like their 400-thousand-dollar investment is about to pay off.
We expected more of a pay off for our hard work."
Work that you do in high school really pays off when you get to university.
pull (one's) weight
definitions:
do a fair share in shared work; do one's best; do one's fair share of the work; do
one's own duty
synonyms:
equally contribute
antonyms:
slack off
mnemonics:
You need to help your brain move by PULLING your own body WEIGHT to school.
Like doing a tug-of-war
I want to lose weight so I must do my best work to get to that goal.
examples:
Bob has never pulled his weight, and we all have to work harder to make up for
his laziness.
Member nations must pull their weight.
Students have to pull their weight to get a great grade.
from book:
Since both of you did more work on our last group project than I did, I need to
pull my own weight more this time.
ritual
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
something done in a particular situation and in the same way each time
habit; convention; procedure; routine
unplanned action
RICH people got a lot of money from doing the same work ROUTINE as usUAL → It
was a RICH-UAL → ritual
examples:
from book:
sacrifice
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
self-esteem
definitions:
synonyms:
antonyms:
mnemonics:
examples:
from book:
tangible
definitions:
synonyms:
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examples:
from book:
In the morning, first I cook bacon, then eggs in the bacon grease, and then I make
a coffee. It's my morning ritual.
Most homework has become a useless ritual.
to willingly stop having something you want; to give up something; to give up
something you enjoy; to give up something I have for others
give up (something to someone)
maintain; keep
"sacri (재물) + fice (~으로 하다)
'sacrifice' is similar to a saint"
Can you sacrifice a bit of your time for me?
Some students sacrifice sleep in order to study.
Parents often sacrifice everything for their children.
Homework demands too much sacrifice.
Children are expected to be obedient to their parents and to sacrifice so that they
could make academic progress.
a feeling of having respect for yourself and your abilities
pride
self-deprecation
I give hot STEAM to my SELF to make myself feel good.
Academic programs are designed to raise childrens' self-esteem.
In the late 20th century, educators saw that homework had tangible benefits, and
they linked good homework habits to strong self-esteem.
something that can be measured; able to be touched or felt
substantial; real; actual; concrete; perceptible
intangible
T-angible T-ouch → you can Touch something Tangible
think about the word 'tangibility' meaning someone can recognize something
'tang' means 'touch'
It is not immediately tangible, but it is a benefit.
The tension between them was almost tangible.
There are no tangible grounds for suspicion.
Homework is important for teaching skills that are not tangible, like self-discipline.
Educators saw that homework had tangible benefits.