Our ecoparks Ecoparks forest landscapes with plenty of room 2 Our 36 ecoparks In a real forest you should be able to take long walks, ford sparkling streams, walk through dizzying mountain heights and moss-covered valleys, or find a secluded beach where you can enjoy the sunset. Here, there is space for the lynx to roam around and for the Siberian jay to fly below a protective cover of treetops. Ecoparks are large, connected, forest landscapes where both humans and animals have plenty of room to wander. Karhuvaara Leipipir Vuollerim Luottåive Varjisån Piteälven Tjadnes-nimtek Naakajärvi Maunuvaara Rautiorova Storklinten Rosfors Dubblabergen Ledfat Skatan Jovan Käringberget Håckren Galhammar Tranuberg Fjätälven Grytaberg Ejheden Hornslandet Ovansjö Forsmark Malingsbo Färna Kilsbergen Ridö – Sundbyholmsarkipelagen Halle-Hunneberg Norra Vätterns skärgård Omberg Böda Hornsö Raslången Sveaskog has high environmental ambitions and allocates 20 percent of its productive forest land for nature conservation. Ecoparks are one of our tools to meet the needs of various species. The photo shows the Naakajärvi Ecopark from the outlook, Lumivaara, 448 meters above sea level. Photo: Björn Palovaara 3 Large connected landscapes In brief about ecoparks This is an ecopark: A large, connected forest landscape with high nature conservation and environmental protection ambitions. An ecopark covers an area of at least 1,000 hectares and at least half of the productive forest land is used as a nature conservation area. In ecoparks, the ecological values take precedence over economics. Area: Together, the ecoparks are comprised of 175,000 hectares, which correspond to around 300,000 football fields. Number: 36 ecoparks. Owner: Sveaskog, which is owned by the Swedish government. Largest: Tjadens-nimtek (21,000 hectares) Smallest: Raslången (1,000 hectares) Northernmost: Naakajärvi Southernmost: Raslången Westernmost: Halle- Hunneberg Easternmost: Rautiorova Highest point: Ledvattsfjällen 727 meters above sea level in Ledfat Ecopark 4 Ecoparks are large, connected landscapes with high nature conservation and environmental protection ambitions. On average, they are approximately 5,000 hectares (50 square kilometers), and each has its own unique ecological characteristics. In the ecoparks’ large landscapes, where ecology takes precedence over economics, many threatened species can live and further develop. Among the ecoparks we also find several of our most important open-air forests, which also create conditions for increased nature tourism. Sveaskog has created 36 ecoparks, which corresponds to 5% of our productive forests. In total, the ecoparks comprise 175,000 hectares of forest land, of which more than 100,000 hectares are protected through binding Ecopark agreements with the Swedish Forest Agency. The first ecopark that was opened was Omberg in 2003. Now there are ecoparks throughout all of Sweden, from the lichen-covered primeval spruce forests in the north to the blue windflowers’ beech wood forests in the south. Earliest 2012, all 36 ecoparks will be open. Active environmental care In the ecoparks, we work to both preserve and develop a high level of environmental care. The work is carried out in accordance with management plans that we formulate in cooperation with authorities, non-profit organisations, representatives in the reindeer breeding industry and others. The environmental care management means, for example, that we burn and dam forests, clear pine forests to make room for new deciduous forests, and bring animals back to their old grazing lands. After just five years, ecological conditions in the ecoparks have already improved. The grazing lands in Halle- Hunneberg Ecopark, where the oaks have plenty of room to grow. More than 1,000 species of lichens, fungus and insects live on the oak. Therefore, it is very important for biological diversity. The oak also produces acorns, which is an important food supply for wild game. Photo: Elisabeth Falk Ecoparks preserve and develop An ecopark is not just about preservation, but also about restoring nature conservation and a large-scale transformation of the landscape. For example, we work intensively to increase the percentage of deciduous trees in the ecoparks. Old deciduous forests are in short supply in Sweden and many of those species that are threatened today need them. By clearing coniferous forests we create large areas for deciduous forests every year. In just one year, a tight, mixed forest where young pines dominate can become a light and open birch forest, which is inviting for animals, plants and humans. To create more really large, older trees, we cut open glades around, for example, oaks, so that they get sunlight and enough space to spread out. Another method for actively recreating nature conservation is to replace old drainage ditches. In that way, we restore old wetlands where a swarm of life, from wading birds to salamanders and dragonflies, will soon be able to return to. Controlled nature conservation burning is also carried out in the ecoparks to preserve species that are dependent on fire such as the beetle, the sooty black, flathead borer and the flower, orchid blue. Forest fires have been a part of the coniferous forest’s ecosystem for such a long time that many forest species have adapted to them. Since humans learned to stop the fires at the end of the 1700s, these animals and plants have had difficulty in surviving. However, they are masters at finding the few fires that do occur, and while the embers are still smouldering many insects show up at the scene of the fire. There is also land that has seldom or never burned. These can be damp pine forests in hollows where trees have fallen and mouldered away at their own pace. These areas will probably remain untouched in the ecoparks, and with time, will increasingly resemble primeval forests. Nature conservation in the ecoparks includes controlled burning to help animals and plants that are dependent on fire to survive. Photo: Thomas Nordling 5 Why ecoparks? From a birds-eye perspective, Swedish forests have become increasingly like a chessboard. Areas with old, virgin forests look like islands in a sea of production forests. But even a smaller woodpecker cannot survive in such a small box. It needs an entire landscape to move about in, with at least a third of which is deciduous forest. For woodpeckers and many other species it is important to have large landscapes where there is a high percentage of forested land that they can live in. This also applies for many people, who want to be able to take long walks in a continuous forest area with a great deal to explore. That is why we created ecoparks as a complement to other types of protection for forests and land. “Much of Swedish nature conservation has been relatively small-scale. You take into consideration the small things, but at the same time, we know that many species in nature require large forest landscapes in order to survive.” Stefan Bleckert, Sveaskog’s Nature Conservation Strategic Manager. Photo: Leif Öster 6 The three-toed woodpecker lives in old pine forests: here, in the Malingsbo Ecopark on the border between Västmanland and Dalarna. Photo: Kim Lill 7 Ecoparks for outdoor life and nature tourism Just looking at a tree through the window has a positive effect on health, and a walk in the forest can do miracles. For many people, access to nature is a part of our Swedish way of life and also an obvious part of a long-term sustainable society. Our ambition is that the ecoparks will provide greater possibilities for more people to experience nature. That is why we are providing information about ecoparks and setting up signs, rest areas and hiking trails. The different characteristics of the areas means that there is space for everything from solitary wilderness adventures to sunny picnics, horseback riding, canoeing, fishing, nature walks and much more. Together with local businesses we are working to develop different forms of nature tourism in those ecoparks that are best suited for this. Hunting and fishing in the ecoparks In one form or another, hunting is carried out in all ecoparks. In the majority of them, hunting is done by one or several hunting teams that lease land from us. Many of these hunting teams take in guest hunters, and in certain areas there are tourism companies that arrange organised hunts. All hunting and game preservation on our land is carried out through long-term and responsible management. Within the ecoparks we raise the level further, with even better knowledge about the game population and its condition. Many ecoparks contain lakes and streams that offer good fishing opportunities. Where fishing is popular, the water areas are developed through active fish conservation efforts. As a visitor you can purchase a fishing license for fishing activities and experiences from a local tourism agency. In several of the ecoparks there are water areas where our own fishing card – Sverigefiskekortet – is valid. Håckren Ecopark in Jämtland has a good stock of game birds. The area offers excellent hunting experiences. Photo: Carl Johan Eriksson 8 Jovan Ecopark, in Västerbotten, offers beautiful nature experiences both in summer and winter. Photo: Andreas Palmén 9 Orienteering for old and young Since 2003, Sveaskog has been the main sponsor for the Swedish Orienteering Federation. The cooperation includes different projects, one of which is the new orienteering maps over several ecopark areas. Another is Skogsäventyret, which is a joint school effort aimed at pupils in the fourth grade. The goal of Skogsäventyret is to increase knowledge and interest for forests and orienteering. In the ecoparks, Omberg, Böda and Halle- Hunneberg, there are established adventure trails that belongs to Skogsäventyret. This is where school classes come to carry out their concluding final in the Skogsäventyret. Other visitors to the ecoparks, for example, families with children, can also use the established trails. It is our goal to establish more Skogsäventyr in the ecoparks in the next few years. The troll, Olfar, is the mascot for the school effort – Skogsäventyret – that Sveaskog and the Swedish Orienteering Federation operate together. Here is Olfar visiting the Halle- Hunneberg Ecopark. Photo: Lotta Stigsdotter 10 Böda Ecopark, on Öland’s northernmost tip, is a frequently visited outdoor area. You can find Pinewood meadows with a variety of orchids, barren sand moors with pine trees twisted by the storm winds, and fertile, leafy groves with old, giant oaks. Local companies offer housing, bicycle rentals, food service, etc. in the ecopark. Photo: Carl Lundberg 11 36 different ecoparks The ecoparks are spread throughout the entire country and no two are alike. Here, we would like to present five of them in a little more detail – Omberg, Färna, Hornslandet, Håckren and Rautiorova. If you would like to learn about more ecoparks – visit www.sveaskog.se Omberg Ecopark Flowering Forest’s Mountain Brief facts Opened: 2003 Don’t miss: Bokskogen nature reserve, Västra väggar, Hjässan, giant oaks Suggestions for activities: Guided tours, canoeing, Naturum Omberg Interesting species: Marsh Helleborine, golden eagle, Osmoderma eremita Size: 1,700 hectares Geographic location: At Lake Vättern’s eastern beach in Östergötland 12 Omberg Ecopark is located in Östergötland near the beaches of Lake Vättern and is a magnificent natural area with a mosaic of forests and dramatic mountain precipices. With its 1,700 hectares, Omberg is one of our smaller ecoparks, but at the same time, one of the most frequently visited. Omberg is known as the flowering forest’s mountain, with a variety of orchids, splendid hayfields and rugged giant oaks. The geographic location and diversity of natural environments make the area a meeting place for northern, southern, western and eastern species. Omberg is absolutely one of the country’s most species-rich areas. Guided tours are offered every day during the summer on the mountain; in caves, over flowery meadows, and through “Omma’s forests”. According to legend, Queen Omma is Omberg’s eternal ruler. Clothed in a veil of mist and with a mask like an old character out of a story she watches over the mountain’s plants and animals. In one of the caves you can see her tears over a lost suitor trickle down through the ceiling. During cold winters the flow of tears freezes into long icicles, formed like the gnomes, trolls and medieval monks who have sought shelter in the cave throughout history. In addition to the guided tours and private wanderings, a good way to experience Omberg is from the water. Bring your own kayak or rent one there so you can explore the small caves and coves that are not accessible from land. The ecopark also includes Naturum Omberg as well as Skogsäventyret, a playful orienteering course where families with children, school classes, and others, can learn more about both nature and orienteering. Around 80 percent of Omberg’s forests have been used in the traditional way. Since the ecopark was established, we have been restoring half of these natural forests. Major work is also underway with clearing pines in order to provide more room for the rich deciduous forests. In addition, the number of giant oaks will be increased whereby shade trees around them will be taken away. The goal is that today’s approximately 400 giant oaks will grow in number to 5,000. Omberg Ecopark Omberg Ecopark, at Lake Vättern’s eastern beach, became our first ecopark in 2003. The outlook, Västra väggar, offers a magnificent view. Photo: Carl Lundberg 13 Färna Ecopark Aspen and Fir Tree Woods Ecopark Brief facts Opened: 2005 Don’t miss: Kampkällan, Flena hage and Trollberget Suggestions for activities: Canoeing, picking berries, hunting and fishing Typical species: Jelly lichen, Artomyces Pyxidatus, Poplar Admiral Size: 4,000 hectares Location: Västmanland County, approximately twenty kilometers east of Skinnskatteberg The Poplar Admiral is one of Europe’s largest butterflies and thrives in deciduous forests that are rich with aspen trees, which includes the Färna Ecopark. It often stays among the treetops but it can also land on you or me in its quest forsalt. Photo: Janos Jurka 14 Färna Ecopark is located in Västmanland just outside Skinnskatteberg. What is unique for Färna is the large percentage of broadleaf trees and especially the many old aspens. When the ecopark opened in 2005, every fourth tree was a broadleaf tree, which is quite a lot in today’s Swedish forests where deciduous forests have decreased substantially. Since then, we have been working with further increasing space for deciduous trees with the goal that every other tree will be deciduous. Through that we are also expanding the living space for the many repressed species that are dependent on deciduous trees; from the shining green woodpecker and grey woodpecker to the little wrinkled jelly lichen. In addition, a large number of species need dead deciduous wood, which Färna’s many beavers are helping to create. The ecopark has many ruins of old cabins and the remains of stacks of charcoal that bear witness to mining operations from bygones eras. A large part of the forest was utilised a long time ago but the aspen wood forests make Färna an exciting ecopark, with the possibility to quickly develop a high level of nature conservation through active measures. Färna is characterised by all the different types of water environments. Large areas are made up of moving swampland and marshland with rippling forest streams and rich bird life. In addition there are also several popular fishing lakes. The restoration we are carrying out in the ecopark also applies to water environments. Several drained marshland areas will be restored in order to allow a groundwater level that fluctuates with the seasons. In this way we can recreate the marshland’s natural dynamic with a variety of ecological niches. Färna Ecopark In Färna Ecopark there is a large stock of beavers that help Sveaskog in its nature conservation. Dead broadleaf trees are important to a long series of species. Photo: Kim Lill 15 Hornslandet Ecopark Pebble Beach and Dwarfed Pine Ecopark Brief facts Opened: 2004 Don’t miss: Hölick caves, Kuggörarna, Arnö Village and Lövsalen Suggestions for activities: Hiking, swimming and fishing Typical species: Sea-eagles, Lady’s slipper orchid, Red banded polypore Size: 6,700 hectares Location: In Hälsingland, approximately twenty kilometers east of Hudiksvall More than a thousand reindeer from Jämtland have spent the winter in Hornslandet Ecopark since their normal grazing lands have been too icy. Here, the reindeer have mild, nice winters and are very popular among the residents of Hudiksvall. Photo: Philippe Rendu 16 Hornslandet Ecopark is a forested peninsula along Hälsingland’s coast approximately twenty kilometres east of Hudiksvall. Between the forest and the sea, you have the expansive rubble-stone field. A ways up from the sea are the knotty pines formed by wind and time. Actually, this is where Sweden’s oldest pine tree is located. It is more than 750 years old and has survived many forest fires. Hornslandet’s forests are formed by the recurring ravages of fire, which is apparent from the burn damage on the old pine trees’ bark. This is also apparent since there are plenty of deciduous trees that have grown on the cold and sunny burned fields. We are letting the fire continue to characterise the area through controlled burning. In this way, more hardy and resinous older pine trees, and the numerous species that are dependent on fire, get new living space. Another nature conservation effort in the ecopark is to benefit deciduous forests and increase the number of giant trees with leaves, which are important homes and feeding areas for many insects and birds. The goal is that today’s 1,000 giant broadleaf trees will increase to 5,000 in the future. A good place to experience the deciduous forest’s diverse life-forms is the nature reserve, Lövsalen, located in the middle of Hornslandet. From here, you can hike further on one of Hornslandet’s many hiking trails, through thick spruce forest flatlands with pines, and along the shores of several small lakes. You can see grey seals and sea-eagles or explore the Hölick caves, Europe’s second largest system of primary rock caves, or fish for salmon trout, rainbow trout, perch and pike. Hornslandet Ecopark In Hornslandet Ecopark there is an abundance of fishing opportunities in both the larger and smaller lakes. Photo: Kurt Rodhe 17 Håckren Ecopark Wild Country Ecopark Near the Mountains Brief facts Opened: 2005 Don’t miss: Störtbäcken, Gammeltallen and Björnstenen Suggestions for activities: Hiking, skiing and hunting for game birds Typical species: Haploporus odorus, cloudberries and the great wood grouse Size: 1,900 hectares Location: Western Jämtland, about forty kilometers south of Åre and ninety kilometers west of Östersund 18 In western Jämtland, about forty kilometers south of Åre, you have the wild country of Håckren Ecopark. Here, the dominating spruce and pine forests are very old. The area’s oldest pine is an impressive 450 years old and the windswept spruce trees at the foot of the Hottög Mountains are more than 180 years old. The ecopark is criss-crossed by rippling streams and magical small lakes with both salmon trout and char. The mosaic of small swamps also characterise the landscape. Here, the golden eagle soars above the wild mountain and bewitching ancient forests where the silence is broken only by the wind or a faint gurgle from some stream. The area’s giant pines, with rugged branches and flat treetops, are perfectly suited as living areas for the larger birds of prey. There are swarms of life in Håckren. The great wood grouse has become the symbol for this ecopark, where there are many game birds. On the lichen-covered, desolate land in the giant pine forest, if you are lucky, you can see this large game bird at play. The good access to game birds and elk means that Håckren can offer exciting hunting experiences. In order to increase the relative lack of broadleaf tree forests in Håckren Ecopark, we will clear young pine and spruce trees to give more space for sallow, etc. This will benefit the rare, liquorice-scented Haploporus odorus that you can find here. In the center of the ecopark we will also allow a giant deciduous forest to develop in order to gain an increased number of plant and animal species and a more varied landscape. In addition to the deciduous effort in the forests, a great many dry or decaying pines are a must for many insects. In the windswept and abundant hanging lichen-covered spruce forest at the foot of the Hottög Mountains, the dead wood provides living space for various wood mushrooms and woodpeckers. Håckren Ecopark has many activities to offer during summer, fall and winter. When summer is almost over, along with the hiking season, the swamps have a golden hue from cloudberries and the pine forests are red with lingonberries. Once King Bore has arrived, you can ski along the Hottög Mountains into the Vålådalen nature reserve. Håckren Ecopark The great wood grouse has become the symbol for Håckren Ecopark. On the lichen-covered, desolate land in the giant pine forest, if you are lucky, you can see this large game bird at play. Photo: Jonas Forsberg 19 Rautiorova Ecopark Primeval Forest Ecopark Brief facts Opened: 2008 Don’t miss: The Ecopark’s bench on Mount Rautiorova, the wind-power plant and Taka-Aapua Suggestions for activities: Hiking, scooter tours and hunting Typical species: Giant spruce, Cystostereum murraii and Haploporus odorus Size: 4,700 hectares Location: South of the village Aapua, around fifty kilometers south of Pajala Much of the high nature value is in the primeval forests and these areas will have to take care of themselves even in the future. Photo: Johan Ekenstedt 20 In the municipality of Övertorneå, not far from the Finnish border, the billowing landscape of Rautiorova Ecopark unfolds. Here, golden eagles find their rugged pine homes and can look out over an expansive forest horizon. On the heights are the 400-year old primeval spruce trees with long beards of hanging lichens. As a visitor, you can hike for hours in silence, with the exception of a reindeer that may trot by, or maybe a great wood grouse that flies up from the brush. Due to its inaccessible location, a part of Rautiorova’s forests have never been exploited. Much of the high nature value is in the primeval forests and these areas will have to take care of themselves even in the future. Trees will be felled and new trees will come up in the glades. The area, which has been left untouched, has a great many old and dead trees, which serve as a home for those old forest species that have become uncommon today. These include many wood mushrooms as well as Amylocystis lapponica, Junghuhnia collabens and Laurilia sulcata. The magical spruce forests are contrasted with deciduous forests with light-green birch, aspen and sallow trees. This means that many repressed broadleaf species are found here, like the aniseed-scented Haploporus odorus and the very rare, small jelly lichen. In addition, Rautiorova’s bedrock is rich in greenstone, which makes it basic; and just like on land that is rich in lime, this increases diversity. Examples include the bright yellow Lapland Buttercup, the beautiful purple Alpine (blue-) sow-thistle and the Ostrich fern whose high plumes give an exotic feeling to the hillsides. Rautiorova Ecopark In late summer the cloudberries glimmer like gold in the swamps in Rautiorova Ecopark. Photo: Klas Rune 21 Research and cooperation The ecoparks are also used as a resource for research that requires large forest areas. We cooperate with universities, colleges and non-profit organisation in different research projects and practical nature conservation efforts. Some examples are: Deer marking, in Halle- Hunneberg Ecopark. Together with the Grimsö wildlife station, we follow the movements of red deer with the help of GPS technology. The goal is to be able to adapt the ecopark even more to the needs of the red deer. Effekt 20, whose purpose is to measure what effect Sveaskog’s nature conservation work has on game birds and insects. The project is being carried out together with the World Wide Fund for nature, WWF. Development of deciduous forests, in view of all the threatened deciduous species such as, for example, white-backed woodpecker. The project is being carried out in cooperation with the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation. 100 wetlands, where the Swedish Ornithological Association is helping us to select and restore wetlands that are important for bird life. 22 Every year we open four new ecoparks. At the inaugurations, interested parties from the local, regional and national levels attend. Earliest 2012, all the ecoparks will be open. The photo shows an excursion in connection with the opening of Dubblabergen Ecopark in the Norrbotten region, June 2007. Photo: Leif Öster. Questions and answers about ecoparks What is the difference between an ecopark and a nature reserve? An ecopark is owned and administered by Sveaskog, while a nature reserve is administered by a county council, municipality or foundation. Another difference is the size. In southern Sweden, nature reserves are generally between 50 and 200 hectares. Ecoparks are considerably larger, with an average of 5,000 hectares. In addition, the ecoparks are managed through a tailormade nature conservation plan with at least 50% of the forest excluded from exploitation. However, on the rest of the land forestry operations can be carried out. How is an ecopark formed? Sveaskog’ own personnel, county councils, environmental organisations and others submit proposals for suitable areas that have plenty of pine forests, deciduous forests and where many threatened species have been reported. Sveaskog’s ecologists investigated these and selected 36 areas as ecoparks. Several of these will be opened every year during the following years. The process begins with a thorough inventory of what values exist. Based on the inventory, an ecopark plan is established in cooperation with the Swedish Forest Agency, County Administrative Boards, and other interested parties. When an ecopark is opened, Sveaskog and the local Swedish Forest Agency enter into an agreement that guarantees protection for 50 years, which is the longest possible contract period. Who manages the ecoparks? Forestry operations, nature conservation, wilderness and water conservation and supervision are handled by personnel at our local offices. How are hunting and fishing affected? An ecopark is not an obstacle to hunting or fishing – just the opposite is true. We work in developing all types of outdoor life and nature tourism in the ecoparks. For information about what applies for fishing licences and hunting rights, see www.sveaskog.se Why is forestry work carried out in ecoparks? Many researchers claim that there has been a lack of large landscapes with a high percentage of biologically valuable forests. These benefit species that require large areas, for example birds of prey. For them, the size of the landscape is more important than that all forests remain untouched. How is forestry work carried out in ecoparks? On 50% to 100% of the land, the forests are untouched or are managed to increase the nature value. Those parts of the ecopark where the nature values are low and take a long time to recreate can, however, continue to be exploited. This is carried out with long-term, sustainable forestry methods with consideration given to old trees, streams and other nature values. Does the law regarding legal access to private open country apply in an ecopark? Yes, it applies in all ecoparks. Within certain ecoparks there is a nature reserve, and there, special rules apply. These are normally posted on signs. The foundation of the law regarding legal access to private open country is that we be allowed to move freely in forests and across land as long as we take animal and plant life into consideration. You can read more about what is allowed and what is not allowed at www.allemansratten.se. 23 About Sveaskog – forestry with high environmental goals Sveaskog is Sweden’s largest forest owner and is owned by the Swedish government. We shall be a role model in regard to consideration to nature and outdoor life, while simultaneously exploiting forests and achieving good profitability. Sveaskog owns 15% of Sweden’s forests and has around 730 employees from Skåne to Norrbotten. Sveaskog has high environmental ambitions and allocates 20% of productive forest land for nature conservation. To meet the needs of different species we work with several different tools: • CONSIDERATION TO NATURE IN PRODUCTION FORESTS Even in those forests where we carry out forestry operations, we work with nature conservation by saving tree groups, border zones, and individual trees that have a value to nature. Areas where we give consideration to nature make up a total of 9% of our productive forests. • ECOPARKS 5% of Sveaskog’s productive forests are protected as ecoparks; large, connected forest landscapes where at least half the land is allocated to nature conservation. • NATURE CONSERVATION FORESTS There are also many areas outside the ecoparks that have a high nature value. These are totally excluded from forestry operations and constitute a total of 10% of Sveaskog’s productive forests. For more information: www.sveaskog.se Sveaskog Customer center: +46 (0)771-78 71 00 Production: Måns Ahnlund, February 2009. Print by Jernström Offset. ® Registered trademark owner © 1986 WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund) copyright. Sveaskog co-operates with WWF to promote conservation and sustainable management of the world’s forests.
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