s u P b f l l i e s h S e e r h T Quick & Easy ’ Guide to ISBNs and Barcodes What you need to know to get and use ISBNs and Barcodes on your selfpublished book Joel Friedlander www.TheBookDesigner.com Much of the content in this report was originally developed on my blog: http://www.TheBookDesigner.com By subscribing to the blog, you will receive articles like this in your email inbox, automatically. And if you visit the blog, you can participate in the ongoing conversation there about book design, self-publishing and the indie publishing life. At Marin Bookworks I design and produce books for publishers and authors who decide to publish. To find out more about these services, contact me at: [email protected] The Self-Publisher’s Quick & Easy Guide to ISBNs and Barcodes by Joel Friedlander © 2010 Joel Friedlander. All Rights Reserved. Permissions: [email protected] You may not edit, resell, distribute or claim ownership or authorship of this guide. Disclaimer: The information contained in this report represents the views of the author at time of publication. Every attempt has been made to substantiate the information in this report. However, the author makes no warranty about the accuracy of the information contained in the report, and accepts no responsibility for errors or exclusions that may be contained within. It is recommended that the reader determine whether this information is applicable to their own situation and to what, if any, use the information in this report should be put. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 2 Contents ISBN 101 For Self-Publishers 4 How to Read an ISBN 9 How to Buy ISBNs 12 Answers to 20 of your ISBN Questions 13 Deciphering the Bookland EAN Bar Code 17 How to Buy & Use Barcodes 19 ISBN and Barcode Resources 20 © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 3 ISBN 101 For Self-Publishers One of the parts of book publishing that seems to confound newcomers to the field is the purpose and use of the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). Usually the ISBN appears to be the same thing as the ubiquitous Bookland EAN scannable barcode that graces the back covers of almost all books printed today. Not only that, but since the rise of companies that perform publishing services for authors, there has been even more confusion about whether you need to own your own ISBN, whether free ISBNs from these companies are “just as good” as getting your own ISBN, and if it’s a good idea to buy ISBNs from resellers who offer lower prices for a single number. Let’s review the basics of this unique identifier and explain what is so important about it, how it benefits self-publishers, and when you can safely forget about it. Created to Solve Real-World Problems ISBN was created as a stock-keeping identifier. Originating in the United Kingdom, the concept of a unique identifier for each version of a published book became an international standard in the 1970s. It was created to solve a real-world problem, and it worked well. The problem was that in the pre-Internet age, it was often very difficult to identify a particular book, and more so when a searcher did not have the full title, author and edition information at hand. That’s usually the case when I go searching for a book. How would you know whether the book you are looking for is the right one? Book titles are not exclusive or protected by copyright, and it’s not unusual for several different books to have the same title. And similar titles will quickly expand the number of possibilities. Add to this the necessity of knowing which edition you are looking for—hardcover, paperback, second edition—and it’s easy to see how identification mistakes are easy to make. With the use of the unique identifier, one that is attached to each physical format of a book, this problem is basically solved. Every title, and every © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 4 different edition or format has its own unique number for tracking and search purposes. Coincidentally the ISBN came into use at the same time that computers were becoming common, and the two were meant for each other. It’s now possible to simply enter an ISBN into a Google search bar to get all the information you need on a particular title. Who Doesn’t Need an ISBN? Because the ISBN is used as a basic identifier throughout the book distribution system, any book that is intended to be sold through retail channels will need to have this identifier. There’s no absolute need for books printed for private use, or for a closed distribution to have ISBN assigned. These might include: • Workbooks distributed at seminars • Company training manuals for internal use • Family histories, recipe collections or other “personal” publishing projects • Books that will be used only as premiums, incentives or giveaways However, even publishers of these types of books might make use of this identifier if they plan to someday convert their publication to a commercial use. Self-Publishing Hits the Scene You may not realize this, but for many years Bowker issued ISBNs to book publishers for a nominal administrative fee. But once the self-publishing field began to expand in response to new digital printing technology, Bowker made the process of acquiring ISBNs easier, and a lot more expensive. Now ISBNs are sold like any other commodity by Bowker and a few authorized re-sellers. And to accommodate the needs of these selfpublishers, they made individual numbers available for the first time. However, the price Bowker set for individual identifiers (currently $125) has shocked many new publishers. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 5 But keep in mind that it’s rarely a good idea to buy just one ISBN. If you intend to issue your book as both a printed book and an ebook, you will need two ISBNs right from the start, and the cost of buying two individual numbers is the same as purchasing ten numbers (currently $250). In addition, Bowker is actually registering your publishing company when they issue you your numbers, not your individual books. This is a key step for many self-publishers and that’s a pretty good reason to get an ISBN as well. The Problem of the “Free” ISBN In order to mitigate the cost and the bother of registering your company yourself, author services companies started offering “free” identifiers to clients. How were they able to do this? Bowker’s pricing for these numbers has huge volume discounts, that’s how. For $5,000 you can acquire 5,000 ISBNs. That’s only $1 each, a price at which it’s easy to give them away, saving individual authors quite a heap of money. And many authors have made use of this savings. You are a good candidate for a free number if: • You intend to publish only one book • You have no interest in starting a “publishing company” • You’re on a very tight budget But it’s not the right solution for everyone, because ISBN performs many functions for self-publishers. Know Your Retailers People who help authors get started in publishing often remind them that this is a business, and should be approached as such. You are manufacturing a product intended for retail sales. In this scenario it’s important for you to know the policies of the retailers who will be selling your book. For instance, here’s what Smashwords, the big distributor of ebooks, says about ISBN usage: Smashwords retailers such as Apple and Sony will not accept your Smashwords book unless you have a unique e-ISBN. It is the primary digital © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 6 identification number that many major online retailers use to track and catalog your books, and to report your sales back to Smashwords. (Editor’s note: Everything at Smashwords is an e-book, but there really isn’t such a thing as an “e-ISBN”. They are all just plain old ISBNs.) The Many Roles of a 13-Digit Number Smashwords also points out one of the other uses of this handy number. In fact, there are three main ways these numbers can be of use: 1. Stock keeping, for inventory purposes 2. Item identification to differentiate similar editions 3.Metadata It’s this last benefit of ISBN you should think about when deciding whether to use them, and whether you want to go to the expense of buying your own numbers, or to accept the “free” version. 2 Reasons to Own Your Own ISBNs Most of the self-publishers I’ve worked with are setting up their own publishing companies and funding their project in the expectation of becoming profitable. In every case I’ve advised them to buy their own ISBNs. Here’s why: 1. The ISBN contains within it a “publisher identifier.” This enables anyone to locate the pubisher of any particular book or edition. If you use a “free” ISBN from an author services company or a subsidy publisher, that company will be identified in bibliographic databases as the publisher. 2. Owning your own ISBNs gives you the ability to control the bibligraphic record for your book. This is an important part of your book’s metadata, and is a key component in your book being discoverable by online searchers. This has a powerful influence on your efforts to attract search engine traffic to your title. Now there’s no reason you can’t publish your books with a “free” ISBN from a reputable company, like CreateSpace. Having their identifier on your book doesn’t have anything to do with the ownership or copyright on your work, you still have complete control over your own content. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 7 And you can be very successful this way, too. April Hamilton originally published Indie Author and several other books that way, and enjoyed great success. But like others who have committed to making publishing their business, she has said she would now buy her own ISBNs. Part of the reason, as Hamilton explains, is the changing marketplace: Distribution options offered by print and digital publishing service providers increasingly require that the author/imprint be the registered owner of the ISBN. Echoing this is this explanation from the Smashwords ISBN guide: An ISBN helps make your book more discoverable to readers and other book buyers. The ISBN gains you free inclusion in Books in Print, the world’s largest catalog of books, which is licensed to all major search engines and thousands of bookstores and libraries. Your ISBN record will also receive a free online listing at the online Books in Print bibliographic database that’s available on the open Web at http://seo.bowker.com. Takeaway: If you plan to sell retail you’ll need to use ISBN. For strictly private publications, you may not need it at all. And if you plan to continue in publishing, buy your own ISBN block from the start. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 8 How to Read an ISBN Some years ago I published a book that landed on the front page of the Sunday New York Times Book Review, which was quite a thrill for my wife and I, who were running our publishing company from a spare bedroom in our house. Soon enough, the phone started to ring, and one call was from a distributor in New York. “Hey, we’re all wondering down here, is this some guy publishing from his dining room? We have a bet.” There was plenty of snickering in the background. “Well, you’d be wrong,” I said, “I’m in the bedroom. How can I help you?” But their guess was pretty accurate, and one of the ways they may have known just how small a publisher we were was from the ISBN on the book in the review. You Need ISBN to Sell in Bookstores If you want to sell in bookstores, self-publishers know that you need to have an ISBN and bar code for your book. (ISBN stands for International Standard Book Number.) Many self-publishers have taken to buying single ISBN numbers from RR Bowker or one of their authorized resellers, but if you are planning to publish more than one book—or more than one edition of your book—you really need to have your own ISBN numbers, which you will also acquire from Bowker. As the Official ISBN Agency for the United States, Bowker is exclusively responsible for the assignment of the ISBN prefix to those publishers with a residence or office in the U.S. But you can tell a lot just by looking at the ISBN on a book. And people who know how to read the ISBN gain some information about you from it as well. The traditional ISBN is a series of 10 digits, but there are actually three different numbers within those ten digits, and each has its separate meaning. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 9 Breaking an ISBN Down Let’s look at this 10-digit ISBN for example. It’s from my own ISBN log: 0-936385-40-2 You’ll notice right away this sequence is actually divided into 4 number combinations but, as we’ll see, only three have any usefulness to us. First is the initial digit, in this case: 0 0-936385-40-2 0 is the “language group identifier” which here indicates English. Next is the six digit series: 936385 The 0-936385-40-2 This is the “publisher identifier,” and will show Marin Bookworks as the publisher on any book with this sequence. Because I’m a small publisher and only purchased 100 ISBNs from Bowker, my publisher identifier is long. Large publishers have much shorter publisher identifiers, leaving more digits available for individual books, which is the task of the third part of ISBN, in this case: 40 0-936385-40-2 This is the “title identifier,” and it’s assigned by the publisher to a particular book or a specific edition of a book. For instance, I might assign this ISBN to a softcover edition, and another ISBN to an ebook edition. As you can see, I can only use 100 ISBNs before I’ll have to go back to Bowker for more. 0-936385-40-2 The last digit, in this case, 2 is the check digit. This digit is mathematically calculated and helps assure that the rest of the ISBN has been recorded or scanned accurately. The 13-digit came into use in 2007. The format is the same, but it adds 978 at the beginning, and identifies the following string of numbers as an ISBN. This ISBN would become: 978-0-936385-40-5 You can see that a different string of numbers generates a different check digit at the end. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 10 Publishing Professionals Can Read ISBN Details Book sellers, publishing professionals, and others who know how to “read” the ISBN, can tell for instance that you are publishing your first book. If your title identifier is 0 or 00 obviously you have started at the top of your ISBN logbook and just assigned the first number. If your publisher identifier is 7 digits, leaving only 1 digit for book identifiers, you are only planning to publish a few books. All these little clues from the ISBN give some insight into a publisher and their books. For example, here is the ISBN from Orhan Pamuk’s fantastic novel, Snow published by Alfred A. Knopf: 0-375-40697-2 Knopf, a very large publisher, has a publisher identifier of 375 leaving 5 digits for title identifier use, or a maximum of 100,000 different titles or editions Knopf can generate. This ISBN indicates they may have assigned 40,697 already. Here is the ISBN from Steve Weber’s very useful book Plug Your Book: 0-9772406-1-4 Steve, a print-on-demand publisher, has a 7-digit publisher identifier, leaving him only 1 digit for title identifier use, meaning he will be able to generate only 10 ISBNs before he has to change his ISBN publisher identifier. As you can see, anyone looking at these two ISBNs will immediately see that Knopf is a large publisher, and Steve is likely on his first or second book. Sometimes when you are dealing with people who have been in the book business a long time, it pays to know the little details that are communicating information about your company that you may not even be aware of. Resource You can convert 10-digit ISBNs to 13-digit, or the other way around, with Bowker’s handy ISBN 10 / 13 Digit Converter. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 11 How to Buy ISBNs First stop to getting set up in the book publishing industry is to buy your ISBNs. This is the beginning of introducing your company to Bowker, keeper of the basic bibliographic resources in publishing, as well as the ISBN provider and administrator for the United States. These ISBNs will identify your books but, more important, will identify your company as the publisher. Go to RR Bowker’s MyIdentifiers.com website and pick one of the packages. Here’s a link: http://www.MyIdentifiers.com These are your choices: • Single ISBN, $125.00—Bowker advertises this as a good deal for selfpublishers, but it looks expensive to me. • Single ISBN with bar code, $150.00—This is also advertised as great for self-publishers, but savvy self-publishers know that printers like Lightning Source and publisher-service companies like CreateSpace will provide you with a bar code of your book’s ISBN automatically and at no charge. Keep looking. • Blocks of 10 ISBNs, $250.00—From the choices available this is your best deal for almost all self-publishers. If you thought you were going to be doing a lot of shipping from your location, you could also purchase a Standard Address Number (SAN) at Bowker, but you can wait on this until your printing and distribution options have been clarified. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 12 Answers to 20 of your ISBN Questions One of the areas that I get the most questions about is the use of the ISBN, the unique numeric identifier that’s used around the world to identify books. New self-publishers are especially concerned with making sure their books are registered properly, that everything is done so that their book can be sold without any problems or confusion. Because this area is specific to the book business, there’s a lot of confusion and misinformation about ISBN and how it works. I strongly recommend you use the resources provided by Bowker, the company resposible for ISBNs in the United States, on the ISBN website and at Bowker’s website. But even faster, without any further delay, here are 20 answers to the most commonly-asked questions about ISBN. Questions and Answers about ISBN What is an ISBN? ISBN stands for International Standard Book Number. It is a 13-digit number that’s used as a unique identifier for books. ISBN is used internationally. Why do we need ISBNs? We need them to identify each book that is published, and each edition of the same book. ISBN also identifies the publisher of the book. It is the standard ID number used to identify books by booksellers, libraries, book wholesalers and distributors. Should I get an ISBN? If you plan to sell your book in bookstores, to libraries, or through online retailers like Amazon.com, you will need an ISBN. Does a book have to be published to have an ISBN? ISBNs are issued to publishers, who then assign them to individual books. This can be done at any time, even before the book is written. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 13 Is the ISBN the bar code I see on the back of books? The bar code is a representation of the ISBN in a form that can be identified by scanners. The bar code might also have other information embedded in it, like the price of the book and the currency in which it is priced. Okay, do I need to have a bar code too? Only if you plan to sell your book in bookstores. If you only plan to sell online, or privately like at speaking engagements, you don’t need a bar code. Many publishers put them on their books anyway. If I get an ISBN, does that mean my book is copyrighted? No, ISBN is administered by a private company for the use of the international book trade. Copyright is administered by the Library of Congress and is an extension of intellectual property law. If I have an ISBN, does that mean my book will be in Books in Print? Once you have an ISBN you can go to BowkerLink to fill out the forms necessary for your book to be listed in Books in Print. Can self-publishers get an ISBN? A self-publisher is still a publisher, so yes, you just apply for an ISBN like anyone else. How do I get an ISBN? Go to myidentifiers.com, the ISBN website run by Bowker, which is the only company authorized to administer the ISBN program in the United States. Click on “ISBN Identifiers” and you’ll be taken to a page where you can buy 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ISBNs. How many ISBNs should I buy? The least economical choice is to buy 1 ISBN. If you ever publish another edition of your book, or another book entirely, you will need more than one ISBN. I suggest you buy the 10 pack. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 14 What do ISBNs cost? A single ISBN today costs $125, while 10 ISBNs cost $250, 100 cost $575 and 1000 cost $1000. Note that the price per ISBN drops from $125 to $25 to $5.75 to $1. Isn’t it just a number? Why does a number cost $125? Many people are pondering this question, so far without an answer. Obviously, it’s not because of the cost of the product. Could there be another reason? Well, can I re-use my ISBN? No, sorry, once assigned to a book, an ISBN can never be reused. Where do I put the ISBN? You’ll print it on the copyright page, and it’s included in the Cataloging-inPublication data block, if you use one. Otherwise, just print it on the copyright page and, of course, on the back cover as part of the bar code. I’m doing a print book and an ebook. Do I need two ISBNs, or can I use the same one? This is a matter of some discussion at the moment, since there are more and more electronic formats. The policy of assigining a separate ISBN to each and every edition is under review. How about a hardcover and a softcover of the same book? You need a separate ISBN for each edition, to identify them for everyone who might want to find them in directories, catalogs and databases. If I revise my book, do I need to give it a new ISBN? If you only correct typographical errors, and don’t make any substantial changes to the text, you don’t need a new ISBN because it’s considered a reprint. A new edition would contain substantially new material, a major revision, or the addition of completely new elements. Anything that makes it a new book is likely to create a new edition and, therefore, need a new ISBN. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 15 How about if I just change the cover? You can continue to use the same ISBN, since the text has not changed. Have a question you didn’t see answered here? Send me an email and I’ll try to run down the answer. Getting the ISBN for your new publishing company is a necessary step to becoming a publisher and getting your book into print correctly. It’s not difficult once you understand how to do it. © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 16 Deciphering the Bookland EAN Bar Code Self-publishers know that they must have an ISBN for their book if they want to sell through retail channels like bookstores. The ISBN not only identifies the publisher, the language group of the country the book is published in, and the specific title, it is also used to generate the scannable barcode found on the back cover of almost every book sold in the United States today. Where Exactly is Bookland? Although the ISBN is typically printed on the book’s copyright page, it is also printed in scannable form on the back cover of the book. Unlike most retail products in the United States, which use the UPC (Universal Product Code) barcode for product, manufacturer and price information, books use a different symbol, known as the Bookland EAN barcocde. This same symbol is used for books worldwide, and EAN stands for European Article Number. Because the book industry around the world produces so many new books each year, and each book is a new product needing a unique identifier, it was decided to issue a special prefix just for books, regardless of the country in which they were produced. This, in effect, created a virtual “country” called Bookland. And that’s why we have the rather ungainly name associated with this barcode, the Bookland EAN barcode. Books Are Products And Need Identification Because each version of a book is a unique product—the hardcover version of a book might have a different jacket, size, and price than the paperback—each version needs to receive its own ISBN and therefore its own barcode. The barcode is, in essence, a way to make the ISBN associated with a specific book scannable at the cash register of a store, where the unique identifier will pull the records for that book from the store’s computer and assign the correct title, price and other details to the transaction when you check out. At one time there were only two versions of a book for sale, if that: hardcover and paperback. With the proliferation of electronic formats for the same book © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 17 this has become an area of some discussion in the book publishing community. For instance, at Smashwords, books are available in HTML, Javascript, Kindle, Epub, PDF, RTF, LRF, PDB, and plain text formats. Since these ebook formats do not need to pass through a register in a store, it may well be less important for each edition to bear its own ISBN than in the past. I believe this is an issue that will eventually be formalized so that each format can be accounted for separately, but that’s not what happens today. Cracking the (Bar) Code The Bookland EAN barcode is really two barcodes placed next to each other. On the left is a large barcode generated by the book’s ISBN, while on the right, a smaller barcode accommodating only 5 digits that’s usually used to code the retail price of the book. The first digit indicates the currency in which the price is set. The numeral 5 is used to designate the U.S. dollar, so a string of numbers above the smaller barcode of 51495 indicates that the book is $14.95 in US dollars. When the barcode contains this pricing information, it’s called the Bookland EAN/5. If no price is coded into the barcode, the series 90000 is used instead, and then the barcode is known as a Bookland EAN/9 barcode. Publishers must use either one of these barcode formats since price scanners © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 18 in bookstores can only read these two formats. Although many books use the Bookland EAN/5, the /9 is also widely used. In this case, rather than get pricing information directly from the barcode, the electronic cash register retrieves the price along with the other information from the store’s database. It’s also important that the barcode be printed properly in order to scan well at the register, and this why you’ll often see the barcode on the back of a book in a white box, even if the cover is a different color. A barcode that can’t be scanned isn’t of much use. One More Word on Barcodes You may have read about the importance of creating your Advance Review Copies (ARCs) without a barcode, since this would signal pre-publication reviewers that the book was for sale. This may mean that you will need to find a different vendor for your ARCs. Here’s why: Printers who use digital printing for print-on-demand distribution always put a barcode on the back cover of the book, and another barcode on the last page of the text block. This allows them to use highly automated equipment to match the correct cover with the correct text block. In this scenario, it would be impossible for the printer to produce your ARCs without a barcode, and you will need a digital printer who is not a print-ondemand supplier. Rest assured that your book designer will see to all these details, and may even be able to acquire a bar code for your book without charge. Now, the next time you flip a book over you’ll be able to decipher what looked like gibberish before, and crack the code on the Bookland EAN barcode. How to Get and Use Barcodes for Your Book Many self-publishers won’t need to get their own barcodes. • If you publish with an author-services company they will often provide the barcode free of charge. • If you print with Lightning Source for print on demand distribution, © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 19 you can download a cover template from their website that will include a barcode. Although it will be centered on the back cover, move it to a more common position, like in the bottom right coverner of the back cover. • If you don’t intend to sell your book through retailers, you won’t need a barcode anyway. • If your book is being prepared by a professional book designer, they will probably take care of getting the barcode for you. When I need to buy a barcode, I use Bar Code Graphics and you’ll find a link to their site in the resources section. Avoid the “free” barcode generating software around the Internet. Too many of them produce unreliable bitmapped images that run the risk of not scanning when your book hits the cash register. For the times you need to buy a barcode, get one you know will work. ISBN and Barcode Resources Bowker U.S. ISBN Agency site Wikipedia entry on the International Standard Book Number ISBNs Don’t Matter as Much as You Thought by Indie Author April Hamilton About ISBNs from Smashwords Twitter #ISBNhour discussion group link (moderated by @LJNDawson) UK ISBN Information BarCode Graphics website Book Industry Study Group’s Barcoding Guidelines for the U.S. Book Industry © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 20 Keep learning about self-publishing and the dynamic world of book publishing today. How? Subscribe to updates and become part of the Book Designer Newsletter community. Get new articles as soon as they’re published, automatically sent to your inbox to read and save for future reference. As a newsletter subscriber you’ll get more articles, tips, resources and early access and discounts to new training products. Curious about whether to print offset or The Book Designer Newsletter has PoD? How about a complete rundown articles you won’t find on the blog, on the editing process? Want to tips to help you through the publishing meet self-publishers who have been process faster, easier and cheaper, successful with their books? Stuck on and lots of resources we gather from what typeface to use in your book? around the web. All these topics and many, many more New training products that will are covered every day on The Book help self-publishers get up the Designer blog, a gathering place learning curve in a lot less time will for people interested in books, book be introduced in the newsletter. design, indie publishing and the future Subscribers will always get the best of the book. prices and bonuses that are designed Subscribe now, and get informative, to enhance your learning experience. entertaining articles delivered straight Get in on the good stuff, at no cost or to your inbox, and it’s completely free. obligation to you. Click the button below to Click the button below to subscribe now. subscribe now. Subscribe TO F R E E B LO G U P D AT E S Subscribe TO FREE NEWSLETTER © 2010 Joel Friedlander • www.TheBookDesigner.com • All Rights Reserved • Page: 21
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