WPRO NURSING DATABANK
COUNTRY:
MONGOLIA
COUNTRY BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Geography: Mongolia is a landlocked country located in North –East Asia bordering with
Russia and China. The total territory of the country is 1.565 million Square kilometres. It is
the nineteenth largest country in the world, but also it’s the least densely populated with
approximately 1.6 persons per 1 sq km.
Mongolia consists of 21 provinces and the capital city. Provinces are subdivided into
(districts) numbering 343, which are further subdivided into bags (1277). Ulaanbaatar (UB)
is the capital city and divided into 9 districts and numerous subdivisions.
Mongolia has some unique demographic and environmental characteristics which impact
health significantly by distance between provinces and sub provinces.
Population
By the end of 2012, the population of Mongolia reached 2 million and 867.7 thousand and
it has increased by about 56.1 thousand people or by 2.0 percent, compared to the
previous year. From the total population, 67.2 percent are living in cities, and the
remaining 32.8 percent reside in the rural areas. Males comprise 48.6 percent of the
population, while 51.4 percent are female. Currently, young people constitute the largest
cohort in Mongolia.
The goal of the state population policy for the period 2010-2015 is to create conditions for
maintaining the average annual population growth rate at no less than 1.8 per cent.
This is to be supported by related MDG’s goals such as reducing the mortality rates of
infants and children under five years of age by one third and the maternal mortality rate by
50 per cent from the 1990 level and to increase life expectancy.
rd
In 2012, the average life expectancy at birth 68.71 years; making Mongolia the 133
country in the world in terms of life expectancy, compared to other countries' average life
expectancy.
Climate: Mongolia has continental climate with four distinct seasons. Temperatures in
winter time are as low as - 200 to 250 C and between 200 to 300 C during the warm season.
Culture and religion: After the collapse of the Mongol Empire established by Chinggis
Khaan in 1291, Mongolia reverted to a largely nomadic, pastoral country. Two distinctive
features of the Mongolian culture are the nomadic way of life and Tibetan Buddhism,
widespread as a major religion in Mongolia. Livestock herding, the main source of the
nomadic lifestyle, is another important trait of Mongolian culture. Mongolians have a
history of raising and caring for their livestock. Horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and camels
are praised as the "five treasures”
Education: Educational achievement in Mongolia is high with a 97% adult population
literacy rate.
Government: Democratic political reform in 1990 began major transformations of all
spheres of Mongolian life including management, financing and delivery of Health
Date Printed: 30/10/2013
COUNTRY:
MONGOLIA
services. Mongolia has a parliamentary system of government, with a 76-seat legislature
called the State Ikh Khural. The leader of the majority party serves as a Prime Minister.
Women represent 62% of those with specialized education, 50% of those in paid
employment and 48% of municipal council seats. This is one of the factors which could
assist in health promotion activities and community participation for successfully improving
individuals and communities to seek healthy lives.
Health care system
The health care system in Mongolia is characterized by three levels of care and services
and its prevailing principle is to deliver an equitable, accessible and quality health care
and services for every person.
- Primary care and services are mainly placed in family practice entities in UB city and
sub province (soum) and inter-sub-provinces (inter soum) hospitals in local provinces
named by aimags
· Secondary care and services are taken a place in district general hospitals in UB city
and aimag general hospitals in local provinces,
· Tertiary care and services are placed in major hospitals and specialized professional
centers in UB city.
Maternal Mortality
Statistics for the last two decades show a steady decline of infant and under-five mortality
rates per 1000 live births. In 2012, the infant mortality and under-five mortality rates per
1000 live births declined 4.7 and 4.1 times respectively compared to the rates in 1990.
Morbidity patterns of the total population in 2012.
The following are the leading causes of population morbidity per 10 000 population in
2012:
- Diseases of the respiratory system (1099.44)
- Diseases of the digestive system (1027.81)
- Diseases of the genitourinary system (764.09)
- Diseases of the circulatory system (817.03)
- Poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (502.8)
Population Mortality in 2012.
Diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasm’s and injuries remain the 3 leading causes
of population mortality since 1995, and the number of deaths due to these diseases has
been increasing every year. The following were the leading causes mortality in 2012 per
10 000 population:
·
·
·
·
·
Diseases of the circulatory system (20.9),
Neoplasm’s (12.6),
Injuries and poisoning (11.3),
Diseases of the digestive system (5.3),
Diseases of the respiratory system (2.3)
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COUNTRY:
MONGOLIA
1. Historical events in nursing
1926
1st nurse training: an assistant nurse training course for 3 months duration, with
26 people enrolled.
1929
1st National Medical Technical school established for 2 years training duration
/official nurse training started/
1962
Dornogobi Medical College founded. /For the south region/
1968
Gobi-Altai Medical College founded. /For the western region/
1969
Darkhan Medical College founded. /For the central region/
1969
Nurse teachers training started. Send professional nurse teachers training in
Poland
19811982
The curriculum for nursing education was revised and a new programme for
basic training of paediatric nurse was established.
1985
A separate Nursing School was established from the Medical Technical school
in the Ulaanbaatar city.
1991
For the first time, a 3 month “Nursing management” training course for nursing
managers were conducted at the Nursing School in Ulaanbaatar.
1991
Advanced Training Institute was established in Ulaanbaatar for postgraduate
training of the Health workers.
1991
“Feldsher-nurse” training at the 2 Medical Technical schools and 1 Medical
College in rural areas was initiated.
1992
Curriculum for ”Assistant Nurse” was developed and implemented.
1993
In considering an importance of the Nurse leaders, in 1993 the faculty of
Nursing Manager was established at Medical Colleges. The nurses with at least
one-year work experience were recruited to study to the faculty and in 1997 the
first batch of graduates received their bachelor degrees. In 1998 two nurses
gained masters degrees of nursing at the National Medical University (NMU).
1994
A three year Nurse Educator Programme was established at the Nursing School
in Ulaanbaatar to prepare nurse educators in higher education.
1995
The new position of an officer responsible for nursing care and education was
established at the Ministry of Health.
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COUNTRY:
MONGOLIA
1995
Kathleen Fritsch, Nursing adviser from the World Health Organization worked
as a consultant at the MOH and took part in nursing service policy revision
discussions, including nursing education in Mongolia and made
“Recommendations for Nursing' from as an International Nursing Officer in
Mongolia.
1996
In 1996 the Mongolian Nurses Association was established, which was one
more step forward in developing nursing care in Mongolia.
1996
The International Nurses Day (IND) was celebrated for the first time at national
level in Mongolia, on 12 May 1996. IND is celebrated every year from this time
in the country.
1997
The system of contracts with the National Medical University and Medical
Colleges, the Regional Medical Colleges were re- launched under the National
Medical University.
2000
The Center of Health Education Methodology and Health Management and
Information Center were united into a new "Center of Health Management,
Information and Education" Center under the supervision of the MOHSW. The
new Center is responsible the accreditation of health organizations and licensing
of medical workers, including nurses/, as well as for postgraduate training of
nurses and other health workers at all levels; as well as the conducting health
education to population.
2001
Mongolian Nurses Association became an official member to the International
Council Nurses and approved the “Pledge of the Nurses” and “Code of Nurses,"
supported by ICN Policies.
2002
First National Nursing Congress was organized with the support of the ICN and
WHO/WPRO, under the theme of “Nurses in the New Century”. The opening
speech, entitled "Current International Nursing development” was made by
Kathleen Fritsch, the WPRO Nursing advisor, and delivered to the nursing
congress participants. “
2005
First policy documentation in nursing was approved by the Health Minister’s
order of 223 of 2005, titled “Nursing Policy” from 2005-2015 in accordance with
the WHO “Strategic Directions of Nursing and Midwifery Services” /2002-2008/
2006
Review of midwifery services in Mongolia undertaken by WHO
2008
34 national standards in nursing procedures were revised and approved by the
National standardization organization of Mongolia
2012
Approved “Nursing development strategy” by the Health Minister
2012
Initiated “COPE” quality improvement tool into nursing practice
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COUNTRY:
2013
MONGOLIA
National Meeting of “Nurses who are best in practice”
rd
Organized “3 National Nursing congress” on the theme of “Equity and Access
to Health care," organized by the Mongolian Nurses Association
2.
Regulations and Laws
2.1
Type of regulation
Regulation focus
Definition of nurse
and nursing,
lisencure and
accreditation
Diploma and
bachelor, master,
doctoral level of
nurse education
Nurse
categories
All
All level of
Nurse
preparation
Title of Act or Law
Year
Regulatory
authority
Government
of Mongolia
Mongolian Health law
2011
Law of Higher Education
2001
Ministry of
education
Nurse intake and
planning for 4
years
All
Health human resourse
development policy /20102014/
2009
Ministry of
Health
Job descriptions
of the nurses
All
Frame of job descriptions of
the Health professionals
2012
Ministry of
Health
Requirements of
the newly
graduators
All
Requirements for some
graduators in Health
2012
Ministry of
Health
Nursing
development
strategy
All
Nursing development
strategy, 2012-2016
2012
Ministry of
Health
2.2
Regulatory authority contact
Authority
Ya. Amarjargal
Address
Phone
number
Head, Department of Policy
Coordination and
Implementation, Ministry of
Health, Olympic Str-2,
Ulaanbaatar-48, Mongolia
Page
+976-51
260474
5
Fax
number.
-
e-mail
address
Ya.amarjargal
@moh.mn
COUNTRY:
2.3
MONGOLIA
License, Registration and Renewal system
By the Health Law /2011/ Nurses must renew the license every 5 years. Licensing
body would be the Health Minister.
3.
Nursing and Midwifery Associations
Name of
Association
Address
Phone No.
Fax No.
E-mail
Mongolian
Nurses
Association
№101. State 2nd Hospital, +976Bayanzurkh District,
99263317
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
President D. Nyamsuren
-
nyamaa@24@ya
hoo.com
Midwifery
Association
2nd Maternity Hospital,
Sukhebaatar duureg,
Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
-
Ser_davaa888@
yahoo.com
+97699165858
President S.Davaasuren
4.
Nurse leaders and/or focal points
Name and position
title
Organization and
Address
Phone number
E-mail address
S.Altanbagana
Officer, Policy
Implementation and
coordination for
Nursing Services
Ulaanbaatar 210648,
P.O.Box-78, Mongolia
Ministry of Health
Olympic Str. –2
Ulaanbaatar 210648
+976-99119733
[email protected]
D. Nyamsuren
President Mongolian
Nurses Association
№101. State 2nd
Hospital, Bayanzurkh
District, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
+976-99263317
Page
[email protected]
6
nyamaa@[email protected]
COUNTRY:
MONGOLIA
President S.
Davaasuren
nd
2 Maternity
Hospital,
Sukhebaatar
duureg, Ulaanbaatar
nd
2 Maternity Hospital,
Sukhebaatar duureg,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
+976-99165858
[email protected]
5. Categories and functions of nurses, midwives
Category
Nurse with
Bachelor Degree
diploma
Entry
requirement
10 years basic
education
or Nurses with
Diploma
Length of
training
3 years
Level/Credential
Description
Bachelor Degree
Diploma 120 credit
Responsible for nursing
administration and Work in senior
positions as a nurse educators and
manager of the Health
Organizations
over 1.5
years
Bachelor Degree
Diploma over 30
credit
Nurse with
Diploma
10 years basic
education
3 years
Diploma Nurse
Work in all level of hospitals and
Health Organizations for nursing
care
Nurse of
Trad.Med. with
Diploma
10 years basic
education
3 years
Traditional
medicine Diploma
Nurse
Work in secondary and level
hospitals or traditional medical
service unit at private based Health
Organizationst
Paramedical
Workers with
Diploma
10 years basic
education
Over 3
years
Assistant
Nurses
8-10 years basic
education
One year servise based training
Paramedical
Personal Diploma
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Laboratory personnel, X-ray, Dental
Technicians and Pharmacist in all
health care settings.
Assist the nurses at all health
organizations
COUNTRY:
6.
MONGOLIA
Nursing and Midwifery Education
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COUNTRY:
MONGOLIA
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COUNTRY:
7.
MONGOLIA
Resources available for other countries
Subject/Title
Year
published
Description
Nursing in the
world
2008
Nursing data of the country
8.
Contact (Name,
Address, Telephone
No., Fax No., E-mail,
etc.)
The international
nursing foundation of
Japan
Main nursing and midwifery issues/priorities
9.
Important policies or strategies needed
•
•
Consultant needed in Nursing education for nurse education reformation for:
• to revise nurse training program;
• to prepare national nurse teachers;
• to develop a national nurse training textbook included nursing basic theories'
• to support the development of powerful nursing faculty; and
• to reduce the gap between education and practice.
Nurse leaders must be trained at all national level, and study in developed
countries. Partnering is crucial in order to develop nursing education.
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COUNTRY:
MONGOLIA
10. Does your country have National Health Plan and or Human resources for
Health strategy? How have Nursing and Midwifery workforce policies been
integrated into this plan/s?
The “Health sector human resource development policy 2010-2014” is one of the
strategic directions in Health human resource planning. This policy contains:
o
o
o
o
Introduction
Current situation of health sector human resources
Health sector human resourve development policy
Planning of medical specialists until 2020.
This document analyses the current health human resourses in Mongolia, including
nurses and midwifes, and plans for needs until 2020. The development policy
includes a revised ”Nurses per doctors” ratio with the goal of reducing the number of
doctors and increasing the number of nurses.
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