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T r ia l b- tito Gulatin'* L a -.irrn rjro tt, Septonbor, 1946,
T r i r l by th e Sunroao C ourt« August, 1947.
P ublic P ro so cu to r:
Statsadvokat Hci*kld Sund,
Counsol fo r tho Dofonco:
C harro:
K tfyostorottsadvokat Chr.L. Jons on.
B ru tal to rtu ro a* lIor.7oginn p ris o n o rsr rihich in t x
th o victim s* dccrth.
cases ro su lto d in
In d ic tu o n t;
Dofondruit3 A:}~DT and LAJLTJR v/oro charged by tho D iro cto r o~ P ublic Prosoctiono
vri.th having c o a .d tto d v;rr c rla o s viiich vroro in v io la tio n o f:
*
c f . $ 1 o f Jj '-' i T I Jo. ? o f 6th J u ly 1945, c f .
228 and 229 o f tiio C iv il C riu in o l Codo.
Dofondonts VLiLiAJH! and KUKS. vrore cliarcod by th o D iro c to r o f P u b lic P rosecu­
t i o n s v d th h a v in g consnittod war c rin o s viiich \7oro i n v i o l a t io n o f:
&
?, c f . ( 1 o f L a ; Ho. ? o f 6th J u ly , 194?, c f .
228 , 229 , 2 /1 , 2T2 o f th o C iv il Cri».iinal Codo.
Statg-.iont o f F a c ts .
Do-ondmt Al-.DT (b .
-5 .4 .1 1 .) c-vao to ilorv/ay i n Doco.nbor, 1941.
Ko hold tho
rank o f Hcitptschorftfhror and \r \s onnloyed as ¡Crim inals-krot Hr in th o Sipo in Borgo»
iVhilo in o ffic o , dofondnnt A-v-DI too!: p a rt in tlio in te rro g a tio n of p r i 3onors and i t
has boon ost"iblisiiod t h a t «;o us^d th o uothod o f "v jrschH rfto VomoIiuLingM on 24
na.iod Korvzogians, anong th o a xvro v/oaon.
DOiOndant
(b . - 9 .lu .u y .) ctuao to iior.vay in 1926, as fa c to ry wo:*i:or.
A p ril, 1040, ho bocomo in te r p r e te r - t th o Sipo i n Bergen.
In
Sinco ¿Ugest, 1944,
u r .ti l tno lib e r a tio n ho v/a3 vro king fo r d o1endnntAHI^DT, end i t lias boon e sta b lish e d
t n a t during '¿hut tiu o ho used Tho aothod o f "vorschSlrfto Vomo.i.ur^" on 15 n aued
iionrogicci p ris o n e rs .
Defendant '..'-j-JCZ' (b . 5 . t .0 6 .) cr-.io to !?or ray in J u ly , 194*1-, asciiiof o f th e
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Goraen Sipo in Borgcn.
ilo was al^o in c.;argo o f '¿ho A ussondionststolion o f iioy-
angcr in Odda, Aardolstnngon an 1 T lo rJ .
Ilo i s chrrcod w ith having gi"on 1° r u i s -
sion fo r tho oaployaent o f th o aot.iod o. "vorochHrfto Vornauxmg’', implying an
i l l e g a l fo ra of to r tu r o , in x..o in te rro g a tio n o f 2 : naxaod lior./cginn p ris o n e rs , ono
o f whoa was a woaan.
In two cases th o t o r t u r e was so sovoro t h a t th o prisonors
jV. j v
S n fro a th o a fto r-o ffo c t* o f ¿.10 ill-tro a tu o n fc .
Defendant KUPJil (b . 19 .1 2 .u l-.) caae to ICorwny in l*ovoabor, lu-r^.
191-4, ho *00cane c h ie f of Abtoilung 4 of th o 3ergon Sipo.
In A pril
llo^bq charged w ith being
re sp o n sib le fo r 19 cnsos of "vorschM rfto Vernohawng" w iich in two in stan co s rosulfc^
i n th o d eath of th e v i c t i.i s .
Sentenco of tho L araannsrott on 1 7th Docoabort 1946.
Defendants A3IDT and TklLliUIK wore sent on cod to death by shoot in n and dofondnit
LJ&-S, and KUHP. wore contoncod to 20 y ears venal sorv itu d o 0 ch.
¿he sen ten ce was not unaninous as ono of th o la y judgos votod fo r l i f o i a p r i s »A aoirt fo r defendants API IDT nnd X all£3I and anothor la y judge proposed l i f o sontonco
f o r dofendant KUPJFl.
Kptos on th o Sontonco by tho Lor.iam ; r e t t .
Safim -T tTadrjx
A il defendants woro found g u ilty o f having co:.nittod th o c ria o s
fo r w iich th e y woro in d ic to d .
Tho aeviiod o f "vorschM rfto Vornehnung” wa.s based on a. so -c o llo d " llin io to r is lo rla ss" o f 19 71 o r 19 rB, v ich p o ra itto d c o rt i n fo ra s o f to r tu r o during th o in ­
te r r o g a tio n of p riso n o rs in casos vhore i t rrr.3 nee 03s r y to oxtrtit in _ o ru a tio n .
But tho L lin is to ria lo rla s s docrood t h a t only th o Homan dor was o n titlo d to give
orders fo r "vorschS rfio Vomohnung" and t h a t th o ordor or p o raia sio n had to bo
given in oach casa in d iv id u a l case.
For th a t purposo a s p o c ia l fo ra had to bo
fi_ ie d contrdninr- th o enact fo ra of to r tu r o to bo oaployod.
C 10 Koimandor was
supposed to in fo ru Olo whenovor such 'n in te rro g a tio n had ta!:on pi co.
Tho Court e sta b lis h e d th :rt d fondant J.J2-CZ'. was a."'.re t h a t h is subor in atc £
v.sod methods ot.ier^ t h a i ^ o f f i c i l l y a r.d tto d during Mvorsch!lrfto Vomehnr.ngM nnd
a lso t.i t th e y did not a l" .y s both or a.bout th e neco 3sary •c ra its.
n
andart±riditix.a Though i t had
ot bo n o sta b lish o d th a t dofondant KUPSFL h ia -
s o lf had given such o rd e rs, ho had novor refused to
‘or.’.'^rd any a p p lic a tio n s and
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had novor in to rfo re d whon to r tu r o was sugg sto d .
Eio Court f o lt s a tis * io d t h a t a l l Jour do .'or.dants uu3t havo boon aT7r.ro th a t
t h o i r a c ts woro at varianco ‘wi^di th o lave and cu to.is a war an t h a t they woro in ­
f l i c t i n g grievous bodily hn ra on ; ris o n e rs or t h a t thoy woro acco.n aLicos ta c r o to .
Tho Court as 7u:.ud th a t do .'end an ts AiiloiT and
had a i n l y acted on su p e rio r
ordors and t h . t doSon 1an ts ,»JL~ JII end IX1Pin had .ctod on th o a u th o rity o f th e
aoovo nontionod lli n is t e r i n lo r la s s , n e ith e r of m ic h r c .sons could, hcwovo , be
ploadod in o::cul -tio n .
,
Co ,
Tho Court couad not accont th o antontior. th t tho dofendants had acted in th e
in to r o s ts of th o ir oan country or t h a t thoy had bom a f r a id to ro iliso to oboy
o rd o rs.
.
#/
V/hon co n sid erin g th o p in ish a o n t fo r doiondnnt AHIDT f th o Cost found t h a t alt:**
although th e do.‘undent liirasolf had n o t used any nothod of lo i'tu ro wiiich was not
o f f i c i a l l y approved o f and had used "vorschH rfto Verabhaung’ only in casos whore
it/io o .a o d j/ro rlly nocos3 ary y^nj i i s oplntrffTp th o in sta n c e s ’wero too nuuorous nnd too
s<r iou3 to a llo t: fo r my oth o r puni^hnont but thodoath sontenco.
I
Y/hon co n sid erin g th e ra n ishaont of dofondant
th o Court found i t an
aggravating circum stance t h a t th o dcfondant who had liv o d so long in Horway, had
i o l t no compunction to a c t ag a in st Norwegian i n to r o s ts .
As t o dofondnnt '¡IJxiJcT.f th o Court found t h a t though ho hiH eolf had not
takon m r t in th o i l l - t r e a t a o n t of p riso n o rs, ho was a judgo^S? p roS rssion nnd
ought to havo r e a lis e d noro th en caiyono hot: wrong i t was t o to P ira te to r tu r o when
in te rro g a tin g p ris o n o rs .
The Court considered i t a p a r tic u la r ly aggravating c i r -
cuastanco t h a t d e s p ite th o f a c t t h a t two p riso n e rs had diod as a r e s u l t o f "vor#c
sch ilrfto V-jmohaung", th o dofondant n o ith c r ch ngod h is nothods nor denied .iis
m bordir.atos th e use of to r t u r o .
As to dofondant KUP-Jl, th e Court found t h a t t..ough ho h in s o lf had been sosont
only a t soao is o la te d casos o f to r tu r o and never gave ordors fo r "vorschtirfto
Vornolia ngM hi.\i3olf, ho was n e v e rth ele ss resp o n sib le as c h io f of Abtoilung 4 f o r tho
act3 of to r tu r o c a rrie d out by h is subordinates w ith h is conniv. n c o .
Tho Court
found i t on aggravating c ir c ¡.istanco t h a t he had o rd ere d /to .¿ssccnx th o L odical
s ta tin g h e a rt f a i l u r e
rtu*ss.r
O ffic e r to issu o do t h c e rtific a te s ^ fo r th o two v ic tia 3 who had died as a r e s u lt
of tho to r tu r o .
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4.
A n ^ e .l .
Jofor.; r.ts AhhDT, V/LL-ini rati ¡Uf-J. appo l a d to th o Suproao Court on tho
-o llo v in g ¿ros r.ds:
(1)
t h a t th o L .g a ra a sro tt hod wrongly applied tho s u b s tra tiv o law w.ion
s t a t i n s th -t tho use cf "v-rschH rft o Veraohaung" was at v .rin n c o w ith in io r n ;tio n a l
lew sad a~int..inod th u t thoy could noijbo hold c ria in a ^ iy resp o n sib lo fo r h .viag
a c t ad on cu lo rio r o ra o rs.
(2)
t h a t tiio L a ru sn n sra tt had i n f l i c t c d to o sovoro a puaiahno:rt.
Daf or.drav. s .-311112 aad IJLI.J£3l lrunchod ra a d d itio n 1 appeal on grounds of pro­
ced u ral law, do. ordant AP-DT m aintaining t h a t ho and not bo :n coraror.tod w ith tho
w itnesses before th o main h o aring raid had th u s r.ot boon given th o opportunity to
counter t h o ir s tn to a a n ts .
Dofondcuifc 'uJZLJCZ' contondod t h a t ho had non; boon roady to
su . a i t evidence on soao of th o counts o f th o ir.u ic a o n t.
Defendant LAL-fl acruioscod w ith th e sontenco o f tho Lagaam sr e t t ,
Sentence o f tho Sunroao Court» !Oth .¿unust, 1947,
Defendants ARIIDT end 7/^uJtfuI wore sontonced to ponal se rv itu d e fo r l i f e .
In
xho case of I3JP1I., th o sontonco of th e Lagannnsratt was uphold.
ITotos on tho ooirtcnco b" th o Sunroao C o r o .
Judge B-fJCLZl, tho f i r s t judge t o give h is rea so n s, s ta to d t h a t ho could not
acccpt dofendoats .’iPuST* s rad V/LT.^j I’ s nlo a ro g :rd in g tlio alleged o rro r as to th o
a p p lc a tio n of p ro c ja u ra l la v pj3 both th o dofor.dnnts had had ovary op p o rtu n ity du­
rin g th e a a in h ea rin g to cubnit t h o i r countcrevidonco o r to as!: f o r nn ad jot rnaont
w ithout having dono so.
Vihen d o sling w ith th o apnool rogarding th e a ro lc a tio n of su b sta n tiv o law,
Judgo
f o l t f sm
*
-y ,. kui ii ng roforonco to th o in te r p r e ta tio n o f law^lcdd
down by t.io S u r eao Court in t.io jud&nonto passod against KL£!GLi (Law rad T r ia l
Report rc ), 3 nias and o th ers (Lav .aid T r ia l Report
(Lav rad T ri-1 Roport To).
# ) cad iC'<STH!G and ot .ors
Ho sa id ho did not fin d i t necessary to go in to tho
saae arguao.rts a l l over again '.?ut only wantod to point out t h a t th o c ria a s in ques­
t i o n v cre i n v io la tio n o f ta o lav s of humanity ar.d tlirrt th o p i c , t .ero fo ro , n u rt
bo re d a c te d .
IIorrt Judro
do I t w ith th o a pe .1 ag i r .s t th o do roo of p :ii haoat in
conr.oction w ith dofoadaat
-T.
1ho Judge ro ca l-o d th o s e r ie s of sc*ious c ria o s
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5.
committed by tho defendants bit«
ointod out t h a t in h ie o ;in io n th o sun t o t ~1 o f
tiio criiaos w .3 ;:ot of tiio sr^ae ; r .vity ca in t.:o C'wO of soao
c rim in als who had boon sentonced to do t h .
ro v io u s Goraon vrar
Iio, th o ro fo ro , sugg-stod t.t t tiio
Ui k R n O * '
punish:ao:itrbo co..i i;tod to
on-1 s s rv itu o Jo.- I l f o.
Tihon co n sid erin g tho ap oal of dofondant v/iX ^3 I, judge 3.f.Gm 3 i d t l i : t thogh
i t had baozi found by tho Iiag-onnsrott t h a t th o dofondant had b -jn aware o f w ilt
h i s subordinates v/oro doing, ho him solf had nov r i l i - t r e a t c d ~ny o f th o priso n ars*
Defendant was chi) f o f a la rg o d i s t r i c t whero ho tr a in a b le to f o i l or/ o:xii in d iv ijdu n l ctrio p rso n a lly .
Iio had
jo:i apparently in to n t on follow ing h is ovn country* s
in to r o s ts to tho bo a t of .ii3 un o rs ta rd in g .
Judgo 3 ./ .GUI, th e r e fo r e , again sug­
gested t h a t th o so .to n co 00 couiiiitod to H ard se rv itu d e fo r l i f 0.
As to defondcnt ICUIfU, Jud;o 3-.£~l\ s?dd t h a t ho v;as s a ti s f i e d t h a t tho aofond:\nt v;as g u ilty of having approvod o f tho b r u ta l methods of .ais subordinatos and
t h a t ta o re fo ro tiio ro was r.o reason fo r roducing thcnundhenni•
Judgo AXiT.iI votod fo r tho death sentence fo r a l l t^ re o defendants.
Ho sa id
t i l - t in M s opinion th o toi*turo of prisono' 3 w ith tho in te n t of e : t s r t i n g in fo n aatio n end adm issions, was a war crin o o f o^xoodingly serio u s cl:p raeto r.
7/hat made
i t ev-n moro aggravating was th ~ tiio Gorman Sipo vr^ a p o l i t i c a l body whoso o rig in ,
r e c r u itin g o f nembors and a c t i v i t i e s wore t.:o3o of a crim in al o rg a n isa tio n .
Defendant Ald'DT had boon found g u ilty o f th e to rtu ro of a lto g e th e r 34 named
llorwogians.
l a s t in
¡Ms v i c t i m had suffero d ^roccfc p h y sic a l pnin and so v e ra l iiad roc6ivod
i n ju r io s .
Tno dofondant had o:riro...oly zealously employed th o to r tu r o method;
forosoon by tho Gcroai p o lic e , j/uethods '¿¿ch to a groat o::tcnt o n tiro ly doponded
on th o porson of tiio in te r r o g a to r .
¿\nd fo r t h a t reason Judgo AL'fiil supported th o
sontonco of th o L ag aan n srett, basing h is orgumoirts on what had bean sa id in th o
caso a g a in st fluEiGJ (Law and 'franl Report HD).
A3 to dofondant YililiitCIli, he had c e rta in ly not i l l —tr - a te d th o p r is o .o r s him»
s e l f , but as tiio Konuandor o r Ciiiof of th o Sipo in Borron, ho
oro tiio main r.sp o n -
s i b i l i t y f o r tiio to r tu r o which h is o f f i c i Icjo zo cutod w ith h is connivance or ap rovaL
Defendant
tc o , had not to rtu re d p riso n e rs h im so lf.
p o s itio n had to bo taicon in to c o n sid e ra tio n .
3ut a~ain h is suporij?
Owing to liis p o s itio n , tiio defendant,
had iio so d e sire d , could havo rovontod t.io o:: o s s i/o and e.'treao u se
f to r t u r o , In
two ca.sos of "vurschH rfto Verr.e.uaungH whicii wero conductod ur.dor h i.-, tho p riso n e rs
had died as a r o s u l t .
iio had dono nothing to in v e s tig a te tho**de.ths, n o it .er iiad Iio
done a iy th in g to r ovont f u r t
or o.tcessivo
to rtu re .
Of tiio roaaini::g 3even judges, fo u r supported Judge 3 - .u-.P. oiiu t :r^c sup o '¿od
i
f \ L i ¿t V .
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