STUDY GUIDE FOR January 19 QUIZ
THE PHOENICIANS (Pages 34-35)

Where and when did the Phoenician people settle?

Name two of their main harbor towns. These are in modern day Lebanon and
some Phoenician buildings are still standing and being used today – 3000 years
later. Remember to visit them if you go to Lebanon.

The Phoenicians were mainly sailors and traders.

Who did they trade with?

They founded the great city of Carthage in Modern Tunisia. It grew to a
population of over 1 million people and became the greatest city and trade
center in the world.

How far did the Phoenicians reach in their sailing boats?

They developed a 22 alphabet that is the basis of all European writing.

They also developed great methods of maritime (sea) navigation and designed
the first efficient sailing cargo ships.

Other people made ships from wood before but the Phoenicians were great
carpenters are were able to design and build much better ships using wood.
These were great for carrying large amounts of goods for trading as well as
people – usually soldiers.

They were the best sailors and travelers of their time and explored many new
trade routes and distant lands.
Watch these videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLHNh4caX4Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rn4xHbPXOHY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btg5B98Zb-Q
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
(Pages 35-39)

Egyptian civilization dates back to 5000 BC (over 7000 years ago).

Where was the Egyptian civilization? Name the river.

Remember, as with the Sumerians, that the constant supply of water along the
river banks meant they were able to grow plenty of food and have a surplus (more
than needed) of food.


A surplus of food is the most important factor in the growth of a civilization
because people did not have to worry about food any more and could start to do
other things like:
-
develop writing,
build monuments,
-
organize society,
build canals to bring water to the surrounding desert,
-
develop art and religion.
They also had to organize and work together to build dams and canals and water
storage in order to improve and grow their agricultural land.

People organizing and working together like this is what makes civilization.

The river also flooded once a year bringing with it new nutrient rich silt (or soil)
which was excellent for plants to grow and so the Egyptians were able to grow a
huge amount of food.

Egypt had strong government thanks to the invention of writing.

There were thousands of highly trained people called scribes who studied how to
write and kept all records.

They wrote using little symbols called hieroglyphs.

They wrote on papyrus, a kind of paper made by crisscrossing reeds (long grass) and
pounding it until it was flat like paper.
Religion

Egyptians believed in over 2000 gods.

Ra, the god of Sun was the most important.

The Egyptians thought the body was very important after death for the afterlife
and so they took great care to mummify, or preserve dead bodies of important
people, especially Pharos (Kings).

Therefore the becamevery good at preserving dead bodies as mummies which gave
the great medical knowledge.

They also built huge tombs (graves), in which to bury important people. One such
example is the Pyramids.
Buildings

The Egyptians built many great monuments like the Pyramids of Giza and Abu
Simbel (the Sphinx).

To this day people are not sure exactly why some of these great monuments (like
the pyramids and the sphinx) were built.

Today, there are thousands of archaeologists (people who study remains of ancient
civilization) and Egyptologists (people specialized in studying Egyptian remains) who
are trying to find out the purpose of some Egyptian monuments.

Which is your favorite monument. Why is it your favorite. Give three fun /
interesting facts.
Watch these videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvshtiEYdOQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgVlXOyU10I&list=PLeYpZ5LX67bV7Jm8pzx911fJCFXGtP5t
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdtgX9ORiW4&list=PLeYpZ5LX67bV7Jm8pzx911fJCFXGtP5t&index=2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dm8945K4dH0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izXto8cm5vs
Definitions
 Conquered: overcome and take control of (a place or people) by military
force
 Plundered: violent and dishonest acquisition of property
 Archaeological: the scientific study of material remains (as fossil relics,
artifacts, and monuments) of past human life and activities
 Significant: important, of high value

Merged: combine or cause to combine to form a single entity
 Administration: the management of public affairs; government
 Scribe: a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do
this before printing was invented.
 Reincarnation: the rebirth of a soul in another body
 Omniscient: knowing everything (prescient)

Tax: a compulsory payment to the state or government