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Energy Transfer by Heating
Question Paper
Level
Subject
Exam Board
Unit
Topic
Difficulty Level
Booklet
Time Allowed:
GCSE
Physics
AQA
P1
Energy Transfer By Heating
Bronze Level
Question Paper
91 minutes
Score:
/91
Percentage:
/100
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Q1.Figure 1 shows a black metal casserole dish that is put inside a hot oven.
Food is cooked inside the casserole dish.
(a)
Energy is transferred quickly from the inside of the hot oven, through the metal
casserole dish to the food.
(i)
Why are metals good conductors of energy?
Tick ( ) one box.
Tick
( )
Because they contain free atoms
Because they contain free electrons
Because they contain free ions
(1)
(ii)
Why do black surfaces become hot quickly?
Tick ( ) one box.
Tick
( )
Because they are good absorbers of infrared radiation.
Because they are good absorbers of ultraviolet
radiation.
Because they are good absorbers of visible light.
(1)
(b)
Figure 2 shows a person removing a hot casserole dish from an oven, using oven
gloves.
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(i)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
conductors
insulators
radiators
The oven gloves are good ................................................ .
(1)
(ii)
How would wearing oven gloves affect the rate of energy transfer to a person’s
hands compared with not wearing oven gloves?
Tick ( ) one box.
Tick
( )
The rate of energy transfer would be higher.
The rate of energy transfer would be lower.
The rate of energy transfer would stay the
same.
(1)
(c)
What two factors determine the amount of energy transferred by an electric oven?
1 ........................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................
(2)
(d)
A company has invented an ‘app’ that allows householders to control the electric
oven in their home using their mobile phone.
The mobile phone can be used to switch the electric oven on and off.
Suggest one benefit of using a mobile phone to switch an electric oven on and off.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q2.A ‘can-chiller’ is used to make a can of drink colder.
Figure 1 shows a can-chiller.
(a)
The can-chiller decreases the temperature of the liquid in the can by 15 °C.
The mass of liquid is 0.33 kg.
The specific heat capacity of the liquid is 4200 J / kg °C.
Calculate the energy transferred from the liquid as it cools.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Energy = ................................................. J
(2)
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(b)
Complete the following sentence.
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to
change the ............................................................. of one kilogram of the
substance by one degree Celsius.
(1)
(c)
To calculate the specific heat capacity of a material, the mass of the material needs
to be measured.
State the name of a measuring instrument used to measure mass.
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
The back of the can-chiller has cooling fins, as shown in Figure 2.
The cooling fins increase the rate of energy transfer from the can-chiller to the
surroundings.
Complete the following sentences.
The cooling fins are a ................................... colour because that makes them
good emitters of infrared radiation.
The large surface area of the cooling fins allows the air around the can-chiller
to gain energy quickly and rise, transferring energy by ................................... .
(2)
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(e)
(i)
The energy input to the can-chiller is the same as the energy output. This
shows that energy is conserved.
Complete the following sentence.
Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be
................................. or destroyed.
(1)
(ii)
The temperature of the can of drink decreases while it is in the can-chiller.
What happens to the temperature of the air around the cooling fins?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q3.Energy can be transferred through some materials by convection.
(a)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.
gas
liquid
solid
Energy cannot be transferred by convection through a ............................................ .
(1)
(b)
The figure below shows a fridge with a freezer compartment.
The temperature of the air inside the freezer compartment is –5 °C.
Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence.
Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all.
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decreased
unchanged
increased
When the air near the freezer compartment is cooled, the energy of the
air particles is ............................................. .
The spaces between the air particles are ............................................. .
The density of the air is ............................................. .
(3)
(c)
The table below shows some information about three fridges, A, B and C.
The efficiency of each fridge is the same.
Volume in litres
Energy used in
one year in kWh
A
232
292
B
382
409
C
622
524
Fridge
(i)
Which fridge, A, B or C, would cost the least to use for 1 year?
Give one reason for your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
A householder looks at the data in the table above.
What should she conclude about the pattern linking the volume of the fridge
and the energy it uses in one year?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
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(iii)
The householder could not be certain that her conclusion is correct for all
fridges.
Suggest one reason why not.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q4.A student used the apparatus in Figure 1 to compare the energy needed to heat blocks of
different materials.
Each block had the same mass.
Each block had holes for the thermometer and the immersion heater.
Each block had a starting temperature of 20 °C.
Figure 1
The student measured the time taken to increase the temperature of each material by 5
°C.
(a)
(i)
State two variables the student controlled.
1 ............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
(2)
Figure 2 shows the student’s results.
Figure 2
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Material
(ii)
Why was a bar chart drawn rather than a line graph?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
Which material was supplied with the most energy?
...............................................................................................................
Give the reason for your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(iv)
The iron block had a mass of 2 kg.
Calculate the energy transferred by the heater to increase the temperature of
the iron block by 5 °C.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
The specific heat capacity of iron is 450 J / kg °C.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
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...............................................................................................................
Energy transferred = ............................................................ J
(2)
(b)
The student used the same apparatus to heat a 1 kg block of aluminium.
He recorded the temperature of the block as it was heated from room temperature.
The results are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
Time the immersion heater is switched on for in minutes
(i)
One of the student’s results is anomalous.
Draw a ring around the anomalous result.
(1)
(ii)
Draw the line of best fit for the points plotted in Figure 3.
(1)
(iii)
What was the temperature of the room?
Temperature = .............................. °C
(1)
(iv)
What was the interval of the time values used by the student?
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Interval = .............................. minutes
(1)
(Total 11 marks)
Q5.(a)
A student used the apparatus drawn below to investigate the heating effect of an electric
heater.
(i)
Before starting the experiment, the student drew Graph A.
Graph A shows how the student expected the temperature of the metal block
to change after the heater was switched on.
Describe the pattern shown in Graph A.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
The student measured the room temperature. He then switched the heater on
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and measured the temperature of the metal block every 50 seconds.
The student calculated the increase in temperature of the metal block and
plotted Graph B.
After 300 seconds, Graph B shows the increase in temperature of the metal
block is lower than the increase in temperature expected from Graph A.
Suggest one reason why.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
The power of the electric heater is 50 watts.
Calculate the energy transferred to the heater from the electricity supply in
300 seconds.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Energy transferred = ........................................... J
(2)
(b)
The student uses the same heater to heat blocks of different metals. Each time the
heater is switched on for 300 seconds.
Each block of metal has the same mass but a different specific heat capacity.
Metal
Specific heat capacity in J/kg°C
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Aluminium
900
Iron
450
Lead
130
Which one of the metals will heat up the most?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
aluminium
iron
lead
Give, in terms of the amount of energy needed to heat the metal blocks, a reason for
your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
A homeowner uses an electric immersion heater to heat the water in his hot water
tank. The hot water tank has no insulation.
(i)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
conduction.
Energy is transferred through the water
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convection.
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by
evaporation.
conduction.
Energy is transferred through the copper wall of the hot water tank
by
convection.
evaporation.
(2)
(ii)
To keep the water in the tank hot for longer, the homeowner fits an insulating
jacket around the tank. The insulating jacket costs £12 to buy.
The homeowner expects to save £16 each year from reduced energy bills.
Calculate the pay-back time for the insulating jacket.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Pay-back time = ........................................... years
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
Q6.(a)
The diagrams, X, Y and Z, show how the particles are arranged in the three states of matter.
(i)
Which one of the diagrams, X, Y or Z, shows the arrangement of particles in a
liquid?
Write the correct answer in the box.
(1)
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(ii)
Which one of the diagrams, X, Y or Z, shows the arrangement of particles in a
gas?
Write the correct answer in the box.
(1)
(b)
Draw a ring around the correct answer in each box to complete each sentence.
vibrating in fixed positions.
(i)
In a gas, the particles are
moving randomly.
not moving.
(1)
stronger than
(ii)
In a solid, the forces between the particles are equal to
the forces between
weaker than
the particles in a liquid.
(1)
(c)
The picture shows a puddle of water in a road, after a rain shower.
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(i)
During the day, the puddle of water dries up and disappears. This happens
because the water particles move from the puddle into the air.
What process causes water particles to move from the puddle into the air?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
condensation
evaporation
radiation
(1)
(ii)
Describe one change in the weather which would cause the puddle of water to
dry up faster.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q7.The diagram shows the design of a solar cooker. The cooker heats water using infrared
radiation from the Sun.
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(a)
Why is the inside of the large curved dish covered with shiny metal foil?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Which would be the best colour to paint the outside of the metal cooking pot?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
black
silver
white
Give a reason for your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Why does the cooking pot have a lid?
........................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................
(1)
(d)
Calculate how much energy is needed to increase the temperature of 2 kg of water
by 80 °C.
The specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J/kg °C.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Energy = ...................................................................... J
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q8.
(a)
The graph compares how quickly hot water cooled down in two glass beakers
with different surface areas.
The volume of water in each beaker was the same.
Describe how the surface area of the water affected how fast the water cooled
down.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Some foxes live in a hot desert environment.
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This type of fox has very large ears.
Explain how the size of the fox’s ears help it to keep cool in a hot desert.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Polar bears and reindeer are adapted to live in cold environments.
Use the words in the box to complete the following sentences.
conduction
(i)
convection
radiation
The white colour of a polar bear’s fur helps to keep the polar bear warm by
reducing the heat lost by .................................................. .
(1)
(ii)
The hairs of a reindeer are hollow. The air trapped inside the hairs reduces
the
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heat lost by .................................................. .
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q9.
(a)
The graph shows the temperature inside a flat between 5 pm and 9 pm. The
central heating was on at 5 pm.
(i)
What time did the central heating switch off?
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Closing the curtains reduces heat loss from the flat.
What time do you think the curtains were closed?
...........................................................................................................................
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Give a reason for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Less heat is lost through double-glazed windows than through single-glazed
windows.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct words from the box.
Each word may be used once or not at all.
conduction conductor
convection
evaporation
insulator
radiation
Air is a good ........................................... . When trapped between two sheets of
glass it
reduces heat loss by .......................................... and
....................................................
(3)
(c)
The table gives information about three types of house insulation.
Type of insulation
Double glazing
Cost to
install
Money save each
year on heating bills
Payback time
£4000
£200
20 years
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Loft insulation
£300
£100
Cavity wall insulation
£600
£150
(i)
3 years
Use the information in the table to calculate the payback time for cavity wall
insulation.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Explain why people often install loft insulation before installing double glazing
or cavity wall insulation.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q10.
Many people use a sleeping bag when they sleep in a tent. Sleeping bags, designed
to keep a person warm, have a fibre filling.
(i)
conduction
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct words from the box.
convection
radiation
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The fibre is designed to reduce heat transfer by ..................................... and
.......................................
(ii)
Explain why the fibre is good at reducing heat loss from a person sleeping in the
bag.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
Q11.
(a)
The diagram shows hot water being poured into a mug.
(i)
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct words from the box. Each
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word may be used once or not at all.
air
mug
table
water
Heat energy is being transferred from the ...................................................... to
the ........................................................... .
(1)
(ii)
When will this transfer of heat energy stop?
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
coal
In the box are the names of four types of fuel used to heat homes.
gas
oil
wood
Which one of these types of fuel is renewable?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
The diagram shows where heat energy is lost from a house.
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(i)
conduction
Complete the sentences by choosing the correct words from the box. Each
word may be used once or not at all.
conductor
convection
electric
evaporation
insulator
The amount of heat energy lost through the windows by
....................................................... can be reduced by using thick curtains.
The
curtains trap a layer of air and air is a good ................................................... .
The curtains will also stop .................................................... currents pulling
cold air into the room through small gaps in the window.
(3)
(ii)
Write down one other way of reducing heat loss from a house.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q12.
The drawing shows a section of a vacuum flask.
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Heat is slowly “lost” from the hot liquid in the closed flask. It may be transferred by:
(a)
conduction
convention
evaporation
radiation
Choose from the words above to complete the following sentences. You may use a
word once, more than once or not at all.
(i)
The vacuum between the glass walls reduces
..................................................... and .............................................................
(2)
(ii)
The silvered surfaces of the glass walls reduce
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
The stopper in the opening of the flask reduces
......................................................... and .........................................................
(2)
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(iv)
Heat is transferred by the air molecules, away from the vacuum flask, by
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(v)
The plastic of the plastic stopper is preferred to metal because it cuts down
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Mark X on the diagram of the vacuum flask where the liquid in the flask is hottest.
(1)
(c)
Explain, in terms of particles, how heat is conducted through a glass wall of the
vacuum flask.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
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