This is AE3.
Alex Brotman – Gachon University
Unit 6: Student-generated Vocabulary Study Guide
anonymity, anonymous, anonymously
Definitions:
doing something without letting anyone know your name; having no name
Synonyms:
pseudonym; unnamed
Antonyms:
known identity; identified; signed
Mnemonics: a-no-n(a)m-ity (a no name)
a no nymous = no name
Examples:
Edith preferred anonymity for her altruism.
How do you feel about being anonymous on the internet?
An anonymous person donated a lot of money.
They also offer anonymous email services.
From book:
If they give, they may do so anonymously.
Amy Radil introduces us to an anonymous Seattle resident who has become
something of a guerrilla philanthropist.
appeal (noun)
Definitions:
a request, often for money or help; an attempt to persuade people; an earnest or
urgent request
Synonyms:
request
Antonyms:
refusal
Mnemonics: literally in Korean ‘어필하다’
feel 과 발음이 비슷해서 느끼면서 호소(appeal)하다.
Examples:
The decision was reversed on appeal.
I’ll make an appeal for him to think things through carefully.
Psy makes an appeal for people to donate money to the poor.
‘Would you really help?’ he said with a look of appeal.
From book:
Bono’s fame allows him to easily meet with and make appeals to top entertainment
and political leaders.
benefactor
Definitions:
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
Mnemonics:
Examples:
From book:
a person who helps people or institutions benefit; a person who gives help,
especially financial help
sponsor; supporter; contributor
obstacle
benefit + actor = someone who helps poor people
benefit means profit, so ‘benefactor’ is someone who gives a benefit
benefactor = benefit
The money was donated by an anonymous benefactor.
I want to be a benefactor like Andrew Carnegie.
He is looked up to as their benefactor.
I hope you found some wealthy benefactors in the audience!
Her career as a benefactor really began after she lost her husband.
catastrophe, catastrophic
Definitions:
an event resulting in great loss and misfortune; an unexpected event that causes
great suffering or damage; a big event that is calamitous or disastrous
Synonyms:
disaster; misfortune; calamity
Antonyms:
favorable factor; fortune
Mnemonics: cat attacked me!!
‘cata’ means down, and ‘strophe’ means ‘turn left’
catdisturbs people who are working on the computer, the cat ruins their work
strophe  strong final, so it is like a termination
Examples:
At least four students lost their lives from this catastrophe.
The whole city was affected by the irremediable catastrophe.
The attempt to expand the business was a catastrophe for the firm.
Running out of petroleum will result in a catastrophe. We must find an alternative
energy system.
From book:
And anybody who’s been a single mother, as I have, knows what a catastrophe looks
like on its way.
We all know that people around the world suffer from such catastrophic events every
year.
A catastrophe is a kind of big disaster.
cause
Definitions:
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
Mnemonics:
Examples:
From book:
charity
Definitions:
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
Mnemonics:
Examples:
From book:
a principle or aim that a group of people support or fight for
source; reason; motivation
(be)+cause
The medical examiner ordered an autopsy to determine the cause of death.
They worked in the cause of world peace.
Other than the thing we talked about a minute ago, about caring about the cause, are
there other reasons that people give?
I can understand why you are so passionate about that cause.
assistance given to those in need; the act of giving food, money, or other kinds of
help to people who are poor, sick, etc.
donation
exploitation; ill will
It sounds like ‘cherry’ and a cherry is red, like the ‘red cross’ which gives donations
Christian + Charity
A local charity that helped more than 10,000 fuel-poor households.
Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine.
Ms. Palmer believes that families are better than schools at teaching children to give
to charity.
A charity is an organization that helps people who need it.
contribute
Definitions:
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
Mnemonics:
Examples:
From book:
to give money, help, ideas and so on; to give (money, time, etc.) to a common
supply, fund, etc., as for charitable purposes.
provide; donate
take away
con (together) + tribute (thank society)
co(u)ntry  bute (붓다) 나라에 붓다  기부하다
We contribute to the red cross.
Contribute money to relieving the poor.
Scholars contribute to passing on the lamp.
He decided to contribute most his fortune to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
donation, donor
Definitions:
an attitude or behaviour of giving things to others; give things to others without
reward; giving money to poor people; an act or instance of presenting something as
a gift, grant, or contribution; a person who makes a gift of property
Synonyms:
a gift, contribution; giver; offering; assistance; contributor
Antonyms:
plunder; pay; recipient
Mnemonics: 돈내이쇼
(do) for a poor (nation) – do + nation
don = 돈을 주다…donation
association: 도우미 (도우너)
‘don’  sounds like the Korean word 돈
Examples:
His donation was in the news.
He made a donation to the poor.
We are keen to improve donation rates.
Gilya Lee of Gachon University gave our department a big donation.
The trader donated money.
From book:
As one of the wealthiest men in the world, Warren Buffet made the largest
philanthropic donation in history.
My donations usually go to international relief efforts after a flood, earthquake, or
hurricane.
freelance
Definitions:
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
Mnemonics:
Examples:
From book:
not confined to an organization; somebody who is self-employed; a self-employed
person offering their services where needed
free agent
salary man
free (to be hired)
He is working as a freelance reporter.
I’m freelance now.
Hassanein says working with these freelance philanthropists has its advantages.
fundraiser (person or event)
Definitions:
A person or event whose purpose is to collect money for charity; the process of
soliciting and gathering voluntary contributions, such as money or other resources
Synonyms:
charity; collection event
Antonyms:
Mnemonics: fund + raiser
fund means ‘money’ and ‘raiser’ means supporting (bring up; increase)
Examples:
Included in the program’s notable events was a charity fundraiser.
I think this fundraiser will be a success.
From book:
As a fundraiser for various organizations, he has helped in the areas of chidren’s
causes, disaster relief, AIDS treatment and other health issues, human rights,
hunger, women’s issues, world peace, and poverty.
generosity
Definitions:
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
Mnemonics:
Examples:
From book:
have a warm heart towards someone else
magnanimity; tolerance
We were amazed by his generosity.
He showed us generosity in forgiving our mistakes.
Thanks to the generosity of Warren Buffet.
Probably most gestures of everyday kindness and generosity are never recorded.
inherit, inheritance
Definitions:
to receive money; obtain something from someone after their death; to receive
something from someone who has died
Synonyms:
succeed, succession
Antonyms:
disinherit
Mnemonics: in + Harry (in Harry Potter he inherited abilities from his parents)
in  her  it (money) = it (money) goes in her wallet (it).
Examples:
I inherited a lot of money from my parents.
I’ve inherited 100,000 dollars from my uncle.
He inherited a title from his father.
He will inherit the estate from his father.
He didn’t inherit a fortune from his parents.
From book:
Buffett’s children will inherit some of his money when he dies.
mandatory
Definitions:
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
Mnemonics:
Examples:
From book:
must do
required; obligatory
optional
(m)ust – (m)andatory
man: soldier – da: all  all man have to do military service
This is a mandatory meeting.
The soldier has mandatory duties to protect the country.
There are no mandatory laws stating that you will have a set work week.
Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft and the wealthiest man in the world for years, now
feels it’s mandatory to spend his wealth to help others.
moral, morality, moralize
Definitions:
related to principles of what is right and wrong
Synonyms:
ethical; honor
Antonyms:
evil; amorality
Mnemonics:
Examples:
People in different societies have different ideas about morality.
From book:
They are challenging each other to act according to their moral values.
motivated, motivation
Definitions:
to stimulate a person to act;
If you are motivated by something, it causes you to behave in a particular way
Synonyms:
incited; energetic; vigorous; encouragement; inspired
Antonyms:
unmotivated; discouraged; depressed
Mnemonics: The Korean word 모티브 meaning ‘motive’.
Examples:
They are motivated by a desire to help people.
I’m glad that you’re so motivated about your work.
The college’s honor roll system motivates students to achieve high marks.
The challenge now is to keep myself and my staff motivated.
From book:
Now she’s motivated to guide other young people to use their money to benefit
others.
Whatever it is that they’re involved with, they care about it a great deal, and that
motivates them more than anything else.
passion, passionate
Definitions:
a strongly felt emotion; a strong feeling or emotion
Synonyms:
emotional; zeal; desire; desirous
Antonyms:
indifference
Mnemonics: fashion is passion
a fashion designer is passionate
Examples:
Red is the color of passion and love.
I have a passion for studying.
I have always dreamt of having a passionate romance.
From book:
He has known Bill and Melinda Gates for many years, watching them do their
philanthropic work with true passion.
philanthropist, philanthropy
Definitions:
A person or group that makes or does charitable activities; the giving of money to
people who need it, without wanting anything in return; a person who tries to improve
the quality of people’s lives by means of reform; altruistic concern for human welfare
and advancement; a caring person
Synonyms:
benefactor; charity; humanitarian
Antonyms:
extortionist
Mnemonics: The Philippines was poor before, so they needed philanthropists help. (Think ‘phil’)
The man whose name is Philan Thropy always donates money.
Philanthropy + ist (a person)
We can think ‘phil’ = ‘phinland’, and Finland is a country with a good welfare system.
‘phil’ means ‘to love’, like ‘philosopher’
Examples:
Microsoft founder Bill Gates is also a great philanthropist.
The housing trust was set up with a donation from a wealthy 19th century
philanthropist.
The orphanage where he grew up was built as a result of private philanthropy.
She was also a favorite among local philanthropists.
In the spirit of philanthropy, the rich guy donated a large sum of money to the charity.
A donation is and should remain a philanthropic act.
From book:
Philanthropy and charity – both refer to the practice of giving money or goods, or
volunteering services to individuals or groups.
With us today is Stacy Palmer, editor of the fundraiser’s weekly bible, The Chronicle
of Philanthropy.
Amy introduces us to an anonymous Seattle resident who has become something of
a guerrilla philanthropist.
Philanthropy is an act of donating something to poor people.
rewarding
Definitions:
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
Mnemonics:
Examples:
From book:
something that makes you feel satisfied; providing personal satisfaction; affording
satisfaction, valuable experience, or the like
worthwhile; valuable
unnecessary; troubling
re (again) + ward (direction) + ing
Babysitting is fun and rewarding.
Nursing can be a very rewarding career.
The job is tiring but rewarding.
It must be very rewarding to work for an organization like that.
under the radar
Definitions:
if something is under the radar, people are not aware of it
Synonyms:
unaware; unconcerning
Antonyms:
aware
Mnemonics: If something is on radar, people are aware of it, but if something is under the radar,
people don’t know it’s there.
A radar can see you everywhere, except when you are under it.
Examples:
The corruption and irregularities of the philanthropist flew under the radar.
From book:
I really love flying under the radar and writing checks.
wealth, wealthy
Definitions:
having a lot of money or property; a great quantity of money and valuable
possessions
Synonyms:
rich
Antonyms:
poor; poverty
Mnemonics: A Welsh Corgi is an expensive dog, so only a wealthy person can afford it.
(Welsh = wealthy)
well=good and ‘WEALthy’ is similar
Examples:
Our family had a wealthy lifestyle before my father became addicted to drugs.
He is a very wealthy man.
You must create wealth before you can redistribute it.
From book:
Bill Gates now feels it’s mandatory to spend his wealth to help others.
The very wealthy do give more often, and they give a little bit differently.
Newly wealthy young people sometimes feel ashamed or confused.