Jefferson’s Presidency: Topic 5 Lesson 4 (Part III)
American Shipping Faces Challenges
American Shipping Faces Challenges. (Page 300) After the Revolution, American overseas trade grew rapidly.
President Jefferson’s foreign policy during this time centered around ____________________
___________________ ________________.
An Era of Trade. (Page 301) Wherever they went, Yankee captains kept a sharp lookout for new goods and new
markets. Clever traders sawed __________ from New England ponds into blocks, packed it in ______________,
and carried it to India. There, they traded the _____ for _________ and ______________.
8. What was the first American ship to trade with China? __________________________________________
9. Who traded goods with the Native Americans up and down the Pacific Coast? _________________________
Jefferson Protects Trade Abroad.
10. What risk did traders face in the Mediterranean Sea? _________________________________________
11. Define tribute: ______________________________________________________________________
12. How did Thomas Jefferson avoid trouble with Tripoli? __________________________________________
13. Why did Tripoli declare war on the United States in 1801? _______________________________________
14. What happened to the Philadelphia? _______________________________________________________
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15. What did Stephen Decatur and his crew do to the Philadelphia? ___________________________________
16. What did the American marines do to help? __________________________________________________
Due to the diligence of the Americans, the rules of Tripoli signed a treaty promising not to interfere with
American ships.
Caught Between France and Britain.
17. What two countries again went to war in 1803? _______________________________________________
At first, Americans profited from the conflict. British and French ships were too busy to engage in trade with
America. American merchants eagerly traded with both countries. As profits increased, Americans hurriedly built
new ships. As fighting continued, neither Britain nor France wanted America trading with its enemy.
18. What did Napoleon do that went against their claim of neutrality? _________________________________
The British stopped Yankee traders on their way to France. Between 1805 and 1807, hundreds of American ships
were captured.
19. Define impressment: __________________________________________________________________
A Painful Embargo (Page 302) Jefferson knew that his small American fleet was no match for the powerful British
navy. Like Washington and Adams, he sought a foreign policy that would avoid war.
An Embargo on Foreign Trade. 20. Define embargo: ____________________________________________
In 1807, Jefferson persuaded Congress to impose a total embargo on foreign trade. This meant that American
traders could not receive goods from European traders, and American traders could not ship their goods to Europe.
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Jefferson’s Presidency: Topic 5 Lesson 4 (Part III)
American Shipping Faces Challenges
The (21.) ______________________ _____________ did hurt Britain and France. But it hurt ____________
even more. Supplies such as ______________, tea, and _______________ were cut off. Exports dropped by
more than $80 million in one year. Docks in the South were piled high with cotton and tobacco. The Embargo Act
hurt New England merchants worse.
22. Define smuggling: ___________________________________________________________________
Jefferson began using the navy and federal troops to enforce the embargo.
The two political parties had different points of view on the embargo. Democratic Republicans mostly supported
the embargo as a way to protect the country and punish France and Britain. Most Federalists opposed the embargo
as damaging to the economy.
Jefferson Scales Back on the Embargo. (Page 303) In 1809, Jefferson admitted the Embargo Act had failed.
23. Define Nonintercourse Act: (Page 746) ____________________________________________________
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The Embargo Act had decreased support for the Democratic Republican party, as Americans hurt by the policy
turned to the Federalists instead. 24. Which country did Federalists maintain closer relations with? ________
___________________________________
Give two reasons by the Federalists wanted to build ties with Britain:
25. _________________________________________________________________________________
26._________________________________________________________________________________
Although the embargo was the most unpopular measure of Jefferson’s presidency, the Democratic Republicans still
remained strong. Following President Washington’s precedent, Jefferson refused to run for a third term.
Democratic Republican (27.) ___________________ _____________________ easily won the 1808 presidential
election. Madison hoped that Britain and France would soon agree to respect American neutrality.
28. Explain in 3-5 complete sentences why the Embargo Act was so unpopular. ___________________________
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29. Do you believe America should have declared war on Britain when they began impressing American sailors?
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