Ch. 23.3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups Section Objectives: 1. Analyze the effects of the New Deal programs on women. 2. Describe Roosevelt’s attitude toward African Americans. 3. Identify the groups that formed the New Deal coalition. 4. Describe the supporter of FDR’s New Deal One American’s Story ­Who was Pedro J. Gonzalez? ● Moved to the U.S. from Mexico and became the first Spanish­language disc jockey in Los Angeles ­Why was Gonzalez significant for the Mexican people? ● He became a hero and a symbol of Mexican cultural pride by using his radio show to condemn discrimination against Mexicans 1. The New Deal Brings New Opportunities ­Who did the New Deal present an important opportunity for? ● Minorities and women A. Women Make Their Mark ­Who was Frances Perkins? ● America’s first female cabinet member ­What impact did her appointment to the cabinet have on the lives of American women? ● It gave them more opportunities in the workplace ­How were women treated in the workplace? ● The were discriminated against by male workers, received lower wages then men, some new deal work programs only hired men 2. African­American Activism ­Who was A. Philip Randolph? Why was he important? ● An African American who organized the United States first all black trade union. A. African Americans Take Leadership Roles ­Who was Mary McLeod Bethune? ● Educator appointed by Roosevelt to head the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration. ­How did Eleanor Roosevelt influence racial politics during the Roosevelt administration? ● She arranged for Marian Anderson to perform at the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday 1939. B. The President Fails to Support Civil Rights ­Why didn’t Roosevelt support full civil rights for African Americans? ● He was afraid to upset white Democratic voters in the South, which were important supporters of his 3. Mexican­American Fortunes ­Why did Mexican Americans support the New Deal? ● Most worked on farms in the Southwest and some of the New Deal programs helped them 3. Native Americans Gain Support ­Who was John Collier? ● He was appointed commissioner of Indian Affairs by President Roosevelt ­How did New Deal policies affect Native Americans? ● The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 gave Native Americans complete control over their lands, Native American children could attend schools on reservations, tribes were given permission to elect tribal councils ● These steps were moving Native Americans away from assimilation and giving them more independence. 4. FDR Creates the New Deal Coalition ­What was the New Deal coalition? ● An alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party. A. Labor Unions Flourish ­Why did union workers support Roosevelt? ● Because of the pro labor legislation passed during the New Deal ­What was the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)? ● A labor organization composed of industrial unions founded in 1938, it merged with the AFL in 1955. B. Labor Disputes ­What was a sit­down strike? Why were they successful? ● When workers would strike inside the plant and basically just sit inside it. ● These were successful because it prevented strikebreakers from coming in and working ­What was the Memorial Day Massacre? ● An incident that occurred in 1937 between the Chicago police and striking steelworkers ● Ten people were killed and 84 were wounded C. FDR Wins in 1936 ­Why were urban voters likely to support FDR? ● Most of his New Deal legislation and work­relief programs benefited the people living in the cities especially the poor. ● He also made direct and persuasive appeals to the urban voters. ● He also appointed many officials with urban immigrant backgrounds to important government positions