NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Rocks Rocks Rock Rocks are made of ________________________ Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Rocks From the Latin word “ignis” meaning _____________ Three types of rocks: 1. ___________________________ Igneous rock can be translated to __________ rock. 2. ___________________________ 3. ___________________________ Classified based on _________ they were _____________. Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks cooling solidification Formed from the ____________ and ____________________ INTERLOCKING The rock contains a structure of _____________________ material molten (crystallization) of ___________ (hot liquid) _______________. shape size crystals of different __________, ____________ and magma lava When molten ______________ or _____________ composition _______________________. cools solidifies ____________ and ___________________, crystals of minerals different __________________ form in the rock. Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM 1 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Igneous Rocks Example: Granite Igneous Rocks Example: Granite Biotite Mica ____________________ Feldspars ____________________ Quartz ____________________ Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks TEXTURE size Crystal _____________ determines the _________________ of igneous rocks. Extremely fine crystal grains that are almost nonexistent non-crystalline are called _____________________________ and texture glassy their __________________ is called ________________. Apr 287:23 AM Glassy texture Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Fine Crystal size < 1 mm = ______________ texture Coarse Crystal size 110 mm = _____________ texture Very Coarse Crystal size > 10 mm = __________________ texture Pegmatite May also be called __________________ Apr 287:23 AM Fine texture Apr 287:23 AM 2 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Very Coarse texture (Pegmatite) Coarse texture Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks Porphyritic Mixed crystal sizes = ______________________ texture crystal / grain size TEXTURE Types of Igneous Rocks (based on __________________ ) 1. ______________________ (Volcanic) Forms from the _________ cooling of __________ on Earth’s surface. The _________ cooling dose not allow time for crystals to ________ Have very __________ or no crystals; therefore, they have a ____________ or __________ texture Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks texture Types of Igneous Rocks (based on __________________ ) Extrusive 1. ______________________ (Volcanic) FAST lava Forms from the _________ cooling of __________ on Earth’s surface. fast The _________ cooling dose not allow time for grow crystals to ________ non-crystalline small Have very __________ or no crystals; therefore, Intrusive 2. ______________________ (Plutonic) magma slow Forms from the _________ cooling of __________ within Earth’s surface. slow The _________ cooling allows time for crystals to grow. LARGE Have ____________ crystals; therefore, very coarse coarse they have a ___________ or _________________ texture. pegmatite glassy fine they have a ____________ or __________ texture Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM 3 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 ESRT Page 6 glassy / fine Lava Extrusive Magma Intrusive coarse / very coarse Apr 287:23 AM Very Fast Fast Slow Apr 287:23 AM Very Slow /Crystal Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Very Fast /Crystal Apr 287:23 AM Fast Slow noncrystalline Very Slow Apr 287:23 AM 4 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook Very Fast /Crystal Fast Slow noncrystalline May 05, 2016 Very Slow ? Apr 287:23 AM Very Fast Fast Slow non/Crystal crystalline Apr 287:23 AM Very Slow Glassy ? Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks 3. Vesicular (Type of texture) Very Fast Fast Slow non/Crystal crystalline Very Slow cavities gas Small _____ pockets or ___________ within the rock Rapid _________ in air due to an explosive eruption Glassy Obsidian Basaltic glass Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM 5 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Igneous Rocks 3. Vesicular (Type of texture) cavities gas Small _____ pockets or ___________ within the rock cooling Rapid _________ in air due to an explosive eruption Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks 3. Vesicular (Type of texture) cavities gas Small _____ pockets or ___________ within the rock cooling Rapid _________ in air due to an explosive eruption Pumice Apr 287:23 AM /Crystal Very Fast Fast noncrystalline ? Slow Scoria Apr 287:23 AM Very Slow Glassy Obsidian Basaltic glass Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM 6 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook /Crystal Very Fast Fast noncrystalline < 1 mm Slow May 05, 2016 Very Slow /Crystal Very Fast Fast noncrystalline < 1 mm Glassy Glassy Obsidian Basaltic glass Obsidian Basaltic glass Apr 287:23 AM Very Slow ? Apr 287:23 AM Very Fast Fast non/Crystal crystalline < 1 mm Glassy Obsidian Basaltic glass Apr 287:23 AM Slow Very Slow Fine ? Apr 287:23 AM /Crystal Apr 287:23 AM Slow Very Fast Fast noncrystalline < 1 mm Glassy Fine Obsidian Basaltic glass Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Slow Very Slow Apr 287:23 AM 7 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 /Crystal Apr 287:23 AM Fast Slow noncrystalline < 1 mm ? Glassy Fine Obsidian Basaltic glass Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Very Slow Apr 287:23 AM Slow Very Fast Fast non/Crystal crystalline < 1 mm 1 - 10 mm Glassy Fine ? Obsidian Basaltic glass Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Apr 287:23 AM Very Slow Apr 287:23 AM /Crystal Apr 287:23 AM Very Fast Slow Very Fast Fast noncrystalline < 1 mm 1 - 10 mm Glassy Fine Coarse Obsidian Basaltic glass Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Very Slow ? Apr 287:23 AM 8 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 /Crystal Apr 287:23 AM Fast noncrystalline < 1 mm 1 - 10 mm Glassy Fine Coarse Obsidian Basalitc glass Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Granite Diorite Gabbro Very Slow ? Apr 287:23 AM Slow Very Fast Fast non/Crystal crystalline < 1 mm 1 - 10 mm Glassy Fine Coarse Obsidian Basalitc glass Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Granite Diorite Gabbro Apr 287:23 AM Very Slow > 10 mm (1 cm) ? Apr 287:23 AM /Crystal Apr 287:23 AM Slow Very Fast Slow Very Fast Fast noncrystalline < 1 mm 1 - 10 mm Glassy Fine Coarse Obsidian Basalitc glass Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Granite Diorite Gabbro Very Slow > 10 mm (1 cm) Very Coarse ? Apr 287:23 AM 9 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 /Crystal Fast noncrystalline < 1 mm 1 - 10 mm Glassy Fine Coarse Obsidian Basalitc glass Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Granite Diorite Gabbro Apr 287:23 AM But there's more! Slow Very Fast Very Slow > 10 mm (1 cm) Very Coarse Pegmatite Apr 287:23 AM For instance, what makes Rhyolite different from Andesite and Basalt? Even igneous rocks that have the same texture (crystal size) can be different in other ways...... Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Characteristics Color intermediate Light, __________________, or dark Chemical ___________________ ______________ : rich in Si and Al ______________ : rich in Fe and Mg Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM 10 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Igneous Rocks Characteristics Color intermediate Light, __________________, or dark Composition Chemical ___________________ ______________ : rich in Si and Al ______________ : rich in Fe and Mg Apr 299:26 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Characteristics Color intermediate Light, __________________, or dark Composition Chemical ___________________ Felsic ______________ : rich in Si and Al Mafic ______________ : rich in Fe and Mg Apr 299:26 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks Characteristics (Chemical Composition continued) Characteristics (Chemical Composition continued) Felsic 70 ____________________ ~ _______ % Silicon Felsic 70 ____________________ ~ _______ % Silicon Intermediate 60 ____________________ ~ _______ % Silicon Intermediate 60 ____________________ ~ _______ % Silicon Mafic 50 ____________________ ~ _______ % Silicon Mafic 50 ____________________ ~ _______ % Silicon Density Density Low, ________________, or high Apr 287:23 AM medium Low, ________________, or high Apr 287:23 AM 11 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Igneous Rocks Characteristics Trends Felsic Light colored igneous rocks are rich in 3 3 2.5 g/cm 2.0 g/cm 3 3.0 g/cm Apr 299:26 AM low a ______________ density. Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Characteristics Trends silicon aluminum _____________ and _____________ and have Mafic Dark colored igneous rocks are rich in Note: Trends are general occurrences.... not definite rules that are always followed. magnesium iron _____________ and _____________ and have high a ______________ density. HW Apr 287:23 AM Jul 76:05 PM Note: Trends are general occurrences.... not definite rules that are always followed. One deviation from the trend that felsic igneous rocks are lighter in color is.... Obsidian Jul 76:05 PM Jul 76:11 PM 12 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks Identification based on Characteristics: Identification based on Characteristics: Both have FINE textures Pink coloration is considered "light color" Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Identification based on Characteristics: Dark color (mafic) Light color (felsic) Intermediate All FINE textures Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Identification based on Characteristics: Basalt Rhyolite Pink = 'light' All COARSE textures Andesite All FINE textures Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM 13 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Granite Diorite Gabbro All COARSE textures Apr 287:23 AM Rank from highest to lowest density Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Rank from highest to lowest density Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rocks Mineral Composition Be familiar with how to use chart in ESRT to determine _____________________. Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM 14 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 Peridotite Dunite Apr 287:23 AM 75 % Olivine 25% Pyroxene (100% Olivine) Apr 287:23 AM What’s the difference in the MINERAL COMPOSITION Between Rhyolite and Granite? Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM Igneous Rock Summary Igneous Rock Summary Igneous rocks can be identified by KNOW THESE!!!!! INTERLOCKING ___________________ crystals Vesicular Texture ___________________ where gases escaped Glassy ___________________ texture due to rapid cooling crystal Texture is determined by ___________________ size Crystal ___________________ size is determine by rate of cooling ___________________ Large__________ crystals = slow cooling (intrusive) (coarse) small (fine) __________ crystals = fast cooling (extrusive) Apr 287:23 AM Apr 287:23 AM 15 NOTES Igneous Rocks.notebook May 05, 2016 A very cool interactive ESRT page.... (you can find this link on my website) ESRT Page 6 Jul 76:24 PM 16
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