THE REFORM MOVEMENT OF THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY
COURSE/GRADE LEVEL: 8th
SUGGESTED TIME: 2-3 class periods
LESSON OVERVIEW:
After reading background information, student groups will research one of the reform
movements and create an advertisement poster for it. The class will then participate in a
Gallery Walk to view the posters and complete a summary sheet for all the reform
movements.
LESSON OBJECTIVE:
The leaders, development, and impact of the reform movements in the early 1800s
TEK/SEs:
23 Citizenship. The student understands the importance of effective leadership in a
democratic society.
(B) describe the contributions of significant social leaders of the United States such as
Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
24 Culture. The student understands the relationships between and among people from
various groups, including racial, ethnic, and religious groups, during the 19th century
(D) analyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to
our national identity; and
(E) identify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American
society.
25 Culture. The student understands the major reform movements of the 19th century.
(A) describe the historical development of the abolitionist movement; and
(B) evaluate the impact of reform movements including public education, temperance,
women's rights, prison reform, and care of the disabled.
TAKS Tested? Yes
ELPS:
Asking and answering questions
Participating in discussions
Completing graphic organizer
Creating written and visual presentation of social studies information
VOCABULARY
reform, suffrage, abolition, temperance, strike, labor union, civil disobedience,
transcendentalism
RESOURCES/MATERIALS:
• Creating America, pp 123-124; 358-363; 398; 407-431
• Adventure Tales, pp 196-211
• History Alive, Chapter 18
• Access American History, 128-129, 134-135
Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
Date
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Attachments #1-3
Websites (Attachment #4)
TAKS Questions (Attachment #5)
PREPARATION PRIOR TO LESSON:
• Locate a current newspaper story about a modern social problem to use as the hook
for this lesson.
• Make copies of Attachment 1 for each student or make a transparency (see step 2
below.)
• Make copies of Attachments 2-3 for each student
• Optional: Make folders for each reform movement, using printouts from some of the
websites on Attachment #4.
• Optional: Make arrangements to take classes to the computer lab or library for
research.
PROCEDURE:
1. Hook
Display an overhead transparency of a current newspaper story about a modern
social problem. As an alternative to the newspaper articile, one of the following
websites could be used:
• School violence:
http://kidshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/bullying/school_violence.html
• Teen workers (safety):
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/teenworkers/teenworkers.html
• Child labor in other countries: http://www.free2work.org/
• School reform (news report on Obama’s proposalshttp://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/03/10/obama.education/
or search for newer reports)
• School lunches (healthy or unhealthy):
http://www.cnn.com/2003/EDUCATION/07/01/health.lunch.reut/index.html
Discuss one modern social problem using the following questions:
• What is the problem?
• Who is responsible for the problem?
• What can I do about the problem?
• What am I willing to do about the problem?
• What should be the role of individuals in the solution of this problem? Of
groups? Of government?
Here are some websites that address some current social problems
2. Student Collaborative Practice/Grouping
Build Background/Connect Learning by:
• To put the Reform Movements into historical context, have students read and
discuss “The Second Great Awakening” (Attachment #1). OR
Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
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As an alternative, another source of background information can be found here:
http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/dhuff/us/chapters/CHAPTER%204.htm
¾ Groups could be assigned to read a section from this site and report to
the class.
¾ Site could be projected and discussed with the whole class.
Assign Group Project:
• Divide the class into heterogeneous groups of 4 students each.
• Assign (or have students draw from a hat) one of the reform movement to each
group: abolition, women’s rights, temperance, education, or care of the needy
(hospitals, prisons). Note: Depending on class size, some groups may have
the same reform movement, but work separately.
• Provide each student a copy of the Reform Movement Poster Directions
(Attachment #2) and go over the assignment and grading rubric with the
students.
• Students can complete the task in one of the following ways:
¾ All group members research independently for all the content pieces
(who, why, actions, outcomes) and then meet to compare their
information and create the poster. OR
¾ Each group member researches one piece of the content (who, why,
actions, or outcomes) and adds that part to the poster.
• Students can gather information from one or more of the following:
¾ In the classroom, use the text resources listed above.
¾ In the classroom add folders you have created with additional
information on each movement
¾ In the computer lab, use Websites from Attachment #4.
¾ In the library, add other resources.
Gallery Walk:
• After groups complete their advertisement posters, the class participates in a
gallery walk.
• Provide each student with the Gallery Walk handout (Attachment #3) and go
over the directions for the activity.
• Posters are hung around the class and the all students walk around and read
the information from them.
• As they read the posters, students independently (or with a partner) complete
the Gallery Walk handout.
3. Debriefing/Reflecting
• Go over the Gallery Walk handout together, if needed.
• Ask each student to respond to one or more of the following questions (orally
or in writing):
¾ Besides your own, which was the most interesting poster and why?
¾ Which reform movement do you think was the most successful and why?
¾ Are there any social reform issues today that remind you of these from
the early 1800s? What are they and how are they alike and different?
Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
Date
3
ASSESSMENT
• The Gallery Walk handout could be taken for a grade or used as a study guide
for a test.
• The debriefing question(s) could be collected.
• TAKS questions are provided in Attachment #4.
• Students could pick one of today’s social reform issues and write a letter to the
editor with suggestions to fix the problem.
ADAPTED FROM: Reform Movement lesson from Plymouth-Canton Educational Park
School District in Michigan, http://tah.pccs.k12.mi.us/eq/1800-1861/eq-1800-1lessons/ms-unit04-26-lesson.pdf
BY: Kathy Riggle
Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
Date
4
The Reformers of the Early 18th Century Lesson
Attachment #1
The Second Great Awakening
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Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
January 2010
The Reformers of the Early 18th Century Lesson
Attachment #2
Reform Movement Poster Directions
As you have already learned, the 1820s and 1830s saw a great rise in popular politics,
as free white males achieved universal suffrage. Women, blacks, and Native
Americans, however, remained excluded from the political process and were neglected
by politicians. In protest, these marginalized groups and their sympathizers organized
reform movements to heighten public awareness and to influence social and political
policy. Many reformers believed that they were doing God’s work, and the Second
Great Awakening did much to encourage them in their missions.
Some of the most popular reform movements of the period were:
• Abolition – working to end slavery
• Women’s Rights – working for women to have equal rights, especially the right to
vote (suffrage)
• Temperance – working to stop the use of alcohol
• Education – working to increase educational opportunities
• Care of the Needy – working to improve the conditions in prisons, in mental
hospitals, and of the poor
DIRECTIONS FOR POSTERS:
Your group will be assigned one of the above reform movements to research and
create an advertisement that would have been posted in town on a lamppost or
at the post office to encourage people to support your movement. Remember,
this is an advertisement and you are trying to encourage others to support
your movement. Your poster will be graded using the following rubric:
Your poster should include the following:
• Who was involved? Include the leaders, groups, or
types of people. (They could be the contact people
on your poster.)
• Why did the reformers think a change was necessary?
List the conditions or problems as they were and why the
reformers wanted change.
• What did the reformers do to try to bring about change?
List past actions or future plans. (Must be things that really
happened or could have happened.)
• What was the outcome or effect of their work? List
results of the reformers’ work. (This is where you can
celebrate your reformers’ success, so that people will see
you’re making a difference and join your cause. Remember
that most reform movements of this period did not
accomplish all of their goals. Many changes happened
over time and some much later.)
• Be creative and add graphics and color.
• Neatness is also important, so be sure to plan
before you begin.
Total:
6
20 points
20 points
20 points
20 points
10 points
10 points
100 points
Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
January 2010
The Reformers of the Early 18th Century Lesson
Attachment #3
MOVEMENT
LEADERS
Gallery Walk
PROBLEMS
REFORM EFFORTS
Abolition
Women’s Rights
Temperance
Education
Care of the Needy
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Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
January 2010
The Reformers of the Early 18th Century Lesson
Attachment #4
Reform Movement Websites
Reformers and Reform Movements in the Early 1800s (summaries or overview of all
movements):
•
Reform Movements Across the U.S. http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchistnewnation/5029
•
Reformers and Activists – America’s Stories
•
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/activists.php
Significant Women in America http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1551.html
•
Social Reform
http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/history/chapter9section2.rhtml
Abolition:
• African-American Mosaic on Abolition – Library of Congress
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam005.html
•
•
African-American Odyssey – Library of Congress; numerous posters and
graphics http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart3.html
Brief History of Abolition Movement – includes people, events
http://americanabolitionist.liberalarts.iupui.edu/brief.htm
•
Radical Reform and Antislavery
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=629
•
The Frederick Douglass Papers
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html
•
Underground Railroad and Faces of Freedom -
•
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/railroad/hfame.html
William Lloyd Garrison and the Liberator http://www.ushistory.org/us/28a.asp
Care of Needy:
• Assisting the Disabled (1820-1860)
•
•
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=628
Dorothea Dix Biography http://www.dhhs.state.nc.us/mhddsas/DIX/dorothea.html
Dorothea Dix Hospital in South Carolina for the mentally ill
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-newnation/4780
•
Dorothea Dix: Unitarian Reform – primary sources, biography overview
•
•
http://www.teachushistory.org/second-great-awakening-agereform/approaches/dorothea-dix-unitarian-reform
Prison and Asylum Reform http://www.ushistory.org/us/26d.asp
Prison Reform in Pennsylvania http://www.prisonsociety.org/about/history.shtml
•
Social Reform and the Problem of Crime in a Free Society (1820-1860)
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=626
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Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
January 2010
The Reformers of the Early 18th Century Lesson
Education:
• History of Education in America
•
•
•
http://www.chesapeake.edu/library/EDU_101/eduhist_19thC.asp
Horace Mann Biography http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/mann.html
Only a Teacher – PBS presentation of “Schoolhouse Pioneers”, including Horace
Mann http://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/pioneers.html
School: The Story of American Public Education
http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/mann.html
•
The Struggle for Public Schools (1820-1860)
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=627
Temperance:
• Moral Reform (1820-1860) – includes temperance
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=624
•
Temperance Movement Archives – numerous other links and information
http://www.lostmuseum.cuny.edu/archives/temperance.htm
•
Temperance Movement from National Heritage Museum
http://nationalheritagemuseum.typepad.com/library_and_archives/temperance_moveme
nt/
•
Temperance Reform Lesson Plans – include numerous primary sources,
including images, broadsides, and political cartoons
http://www.teachushistory.org/Temperance/
Women’s Rights:
• First Women’s Rights Convention: Seneca Falls •
http://www.nps.gov/wori/historyculture/the-first-womens-rights-convention.htm
History of Women’s Suffrage http://www.history.com/content/womenhist/the-historyof-women-s-suffrage
•
What Was Life Like for Women in the 1800s?
http://www.amit.org.il/learning/english/ew/life.htm
•
Women Leader and Activists
http://eportg.cgc.maricopa.edu/published/h/is/history201-activists/document/1/index3.3.shtml
•
Women’s Rights (1820-1860)
•
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=630
Women’s Rights Leaders http://www.nps.gov/wori/historyculture/womens-rightsleaders-1800-1900.htm
Other Lesson Ideas:
• 19th Century Reform Movements in the U.S.- unit for grade 8 from Pasadena
ISD http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/ssc/downloads/pdf/toolkits/68/Grade_8/Part_2/G8%20Pt_2%20Exemp%20Curr%20Unit.pdf
•
Class Collage of Reform Movements http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/crossroads/sec4/Unit_5/Unit_VQ6.html
•
•
Mid-1800s Reform Era Group Presentations - Students compare early reform
movements with modern reform efforts http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/3586
Television News Reports http://berniehistory.tripod.com/
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Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
January 2010
The Reformers of the Early 18th Century Lesson
Reformers TAKS Questions
Attachment #5
2003 Released TAKS:
Answer: B
Answer: C
Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
January 2010
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The Reformers of the Early 18th Century Lesson
2004 Released TAKS
Answer: A
Answer: J
Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
January 2010
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The Reformers of the Early 18th Century Lesson
2006 Released TAKS
Answer: A
Answer: C
Arlington ISD
Social Studies Curriculum Department
January 2010
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