wh10a-IDR-0522_P1
11/25/2003
11:03 AM
Page 25
Name
Date
CHAPTER
22
GUIDED READING
The Scientific Revolution
Section 1
A. Determining Main Ideas As you read about the revolution in scientific thinking,
take notes to answer the questions.
How did the following help pave the way for the Scientific Revolution?
1. The Renaissance
Renaissance inspired spirit of ____________; discoveries of classical manuscripts led to realization that
ancient scholars often did not agree; scholars began to ____________ ideas that had been accepted for
hundreds of years; ________ __________ spread new ideas quickly.
2. Age of European
exploration
Long sea voyages required better navigational ________________, which led to research in astronomy and
_______________. As scientists looked more closely at the world around them, they made discoveries that
did not match ancient beliefs.
© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.
What did each scientist discover about the universe?
3. Nicolaus Copernicus
Planets revolve around the _____.
4. Johannes Kepler
Mathematical laws govern planetary motion; orbits of the planets are ____________, not circular.
5. Galileo Galilei
Each pendulum swing takes the same amount of time; falling objects accelerate at a _______ rate; Jupiter
has moons.
6. Isaac Newton
The same force—____________—rules all matter on earth and in space. Every object in the universe
attracts every other; the degree of attraction is determined by mass and distance.
What important developments took place in the following areas?
7. Scientific instruments Telescope, microscope, barometer, thermometer.
8. Medicine
Study of human anatomy, first vaccine (against small pox)
9. Chemistry
Boyle's law explaining relationship of volume, temperature, and
pressure of gas; discovery of oxygen.
B. Determining Main Ideas On the back of this paper, explain how the scientific
method is based on the ideas of Francis Bacon and René Descartes.
Bacon was the father of the scientific method
Descartes believed in Human reasoning. That math and
science should be the means to arrive at truths about the Enlightenment and Revolution 25
natural world.