Bell Work •  Read page 283. Chapter 22 Causes of the War • 
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Na9onalism –  Na9onalism was strongest in the Central European Region of the Balkans-­‐-­‐powder keg of Europe. –  Austria-­‐Hungary occupied Bosnia. –  Serbia felt Bosnia should be part of their territory. Militarism—building up of navies led to increasing tensions Imperialism –  The compe99on for empire between the countries of Europe led to rising tensions between Germany and France and Great Britain Alliance System –  Germany backed Austria-­‐Hungary –  Russia backed Serbia –  France backed Russia • 
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Crisis in the Balkans Begins the War June 1914 Archduke Franz of Ferdinand of Austria visits Sarajevo Bosnia. Serbian na9onalist Gavrilo Princip killed the archduke and his wife. Austria-­‐Hungary declares war on Serbia. Allied Powers of Great Britain, France, and Russia. Italy later joined in 1915 Central Powers of Germany, Austria-­‐Hungary, OToman Empire, and Bulgaria. Over 30 European na9ons took part in the war. • 
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President Wilson says U.S. will stay neutral. Most Americans support the Allies. German navy established a war zone around Britain and began sinking enemy ships without warning. May, 1915 Lusitania was sunk by German U-­‐Boat 128 Americans died. Wilson demanded Germany stop Unrestricted Submarine warfare. U.S. Neutrality
The Road To War • 
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More Americans began suppor9ng a preparedness movement –  Called for an army of a million trained men and a navy larger than Britain’s Increased propaganda by the Allies also contributed to the growing American support for the Allies March 1917 the Zimmermann Note is intercepted. –  Mexico should enter the war on the German side and Germany would help Mexico regain lost territory in the American Southwest April 2, 1917 Wilson declares war on Germany. Bell Work •  Read page 293. •  Why were soldiers eager to sign up for the war? •  What were some of the reali9es of war? • 
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August 3-­‐4, 1914 German troops invade Belgium. They push Allied troops back to the Marne River in France. First Ba)le of the Marne the Allied troops pushed the Germans back 40 miles. Leaders realized this was not going to be a quick war. By 1915 both side have trenches stretching from the North Sea to Switzerland. Trench Warfare emerged on the western front. Separa9ng the two sides was an area called no-­‐man’s land. This area contained barbed wire and land mines. War reaches Stalemate • 
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BaTle of Verdun –  Germany led the aTack against the French city. BaTle of Somme –  Allies aTacked German forces by the Somme River. Major BaTles •  Selec9ve service act required men 21 – 30 years old to register for local drac. •  Over 2 million Americans served in WWI •  African Americans, Mexican Americans, and American Indians also served in the war •  Massive training camps had to be built in 16 loca9ons Mobilizing U.S. Military Power Chp 23 •  The first troops arrived in June 1917-­‐-­‐American Expedi9onary Force (AEF). •  John J. Pershing was in command. •  U.S. used the convoy system to move supplies to Europe. •  Women worked in hospitals and helped out at the Red Cross. Over There Russian Revolu9on •  Russians had kept Central Powers busy on eastern front, but revolu9onary leaders made plans for peace •  Treaty of Brest-­‐Litovsk-­‐-­‐harsh treaty for Russia –  Russia gave up nearly 1/4 of their territory –  Central powers gained territory but also an end to the two front war New Technology-­‐-­‐all contributed to make this war the deadliest in world history
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Machine gun Flamethrower Howitzers-­‐-­‐large cannons Heavy ar9llery-­‐-­‐”big guns”, “Big Bertha” Trench warfare Chemical weapons Tanks Airplanes U-­‐boats Convoy system The War Ends •  Meuse-­‐Argonne Offensive –  Goal was to break through the German line to reach the Sedan railroad in northern France which was the German army’s main line of supply and communica9on. –  Acer six weeks of figh9ng, Allies broke the line –  November 11, 1918-­‐-­‐Germany agreed to an armis9ce-­‐-­‐truce –  The other Central powers had all surrendered by this 9me