Freidoon Zibaei* et al. International Journal of Pharmacy & Technology
ISSN: 0975-766X
CODEN: IJPTFI
Research Article
Available Online through
www.ijptonline.com
A PLAN TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF RAINFALLS OR "RAIN TRAP’
Freidoon Zibaei1,2
Graduate of Domestic Production Engineering from University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran.
2
Agriculture Office of Talesh, Gilan Province, Iran.
Email: [email protected]
Received on 05-07-2016
Accepted on 29-07-2016
1
Abstract
Objective: Obtaining the necessary fresh water is order to create green movement to comparison with global
phenomenon of Planet Earth warming that it is called "plan to increase the amount of rainfalls," or "rain-trap’.
Method: This is a field survey research conducted in the central desert areas of Iran including center of Semnan province
(Semnan city) about 100 km towards South East to the hot and desert regions at center of Iran during the 2006 to 2015.
The average daytime and nocturnal temperature was 45 to 50 °C and 10 to 18 °C, respectively. The field measurements
were performed during the third decade of September. The average daytime and nocturnal temperature measured in
November during the same period was 34 to 36 °C and -1 to -7 °C, respectively. Despite the decrease in temperature, or
rainfall was not taken place or if we had rainfall, it was very light.
Results:
The research findings are increased the humidity degree of environment in land areas by using the advantages of the hot
and burning deserts in this project and direct the direction of amount of rainfalls from the side of seas and oceans towards
land areas.
We provide the conditions that rain clouds are forced to reaction and causing rain according to the direction of wing
prevailing in different parts of the world (usually West to East), on track and moving of pluvial clouds, with the transfer
of pumping the sea water through the special tubes very hot and dry deserts and land areas steadily over the year (in
special ponds, at the beginning of the interference place of monsoon winds path and movement of clouds with hot and
dry deserts) and by using hot and dry deserts benefits. Hence the name of the plan has been named "rain trap”. Two
advantages of hot and dry deserts are used in this plan:
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1. Transferred water quickly evaporates at days that the air is hot and burning
In addition to, the intense radiation of sunlight also causes to increase the moisture percentage, the excitation of electrons,
charge and degree of ionization of materials in the environment. 2. Cold desert nights are effective in consolidation and
maintaining the moisture produced in the environment and increases the amount of charge of environment at next day.
At nights that it is very cold, the water vapor generated sits on the ground in the form of dew that it evaporates again with
intense sunlight at next day and moisture percentage and ionization of materials increase in the environment.
Water vapor or clouds that rise from the surface of oceans and seas, at first expand more in the volume in terms of height
and then expand in the volume in terms of length in high altitude. Obviously, its reason is the huge volume of producer
source of water vapor is the seas and oceans. However, water vapor created in the rain trap plan, firstly expands in the
volume in terms of length. It is obvious that its reason is heavier density of produced water vapor than environment.
Because moisture or water vapor or is not in the environment or its percentage is very low. These water vapors as much
be in higher height due to cold of altitudes of the atmosphere became thicker and more compact, which this issue would
cause friction between particles in it and create static electricity or charge in created mass and this charge or static
electricity available in generated water vapor increases as much it has further height.
This charge with charge available in clouds that passes from the space of region cause to create the reaction and chargedischarge in the form of thunder causes the rainfall.
Keywords: Rain trap, Hot and dry deserts, Additive effects, Green movement
1. Introduction
"The plan to increase the amount of rainfalls," with specific name of "rain trap" in order to obtain fresh water needed to
make the green movement (that including a forestation, tree planting, seeding, having rangeland and watershed
management, create green space) in order to conserve water in the context of earth and more oxygen production to deal
with pollutants removing the ozone layer and global phenomenon of planet earth warming (1, 2).
2. Problem Statement
The average temperature of earth reaches to the 60 ºC and the life of human will be destroyed on planet earth due to
excessive use of human pollutant gases removing the ozone layer and with the current trend of global warming less than
future 20 years (3-5, 7-15).
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3. The Necessity of Conducting Research
Human life on earth planet will be destroyed with the current warming earth trend less than next 20 years. On the other
hand, developing countries that produce the most greenhouse gases will not accept systemic changes of reducing the
production of greenhouse gases due to stop or sharp decline in economic growth.
Therefore, should think about a solution to become slow global warming of earth and various countries have more time to
change the economic systems. The plan to increase the amount of rainfalls," with specific name of "rain trap" that has
designed in order to obtain necessary fresh water in order to create green movement to combat with global phenomenon
of Planet Earth warming (5, 6, 9-14).
4. Research Purpose
By raising the level of moisture in the land areas and create the right conditions for the rainfalls by obtaining fresh water
needed for performing green movement, in addition to oxygen production more in earth surface, more time is obtained to
fix the problem of greenhouse gas warming the earth (5, 6, 9-14).
5. Research Outcomes
1. We will have needed water in order to perform green movement in order to deal with the phenomenon of global
warming of earth by performing the plan of "rain trap’.
2. The moisture percentage of surface of earth and in particular land areas will be increased. With the plan of "rain trap"
for rainfalls of the seas and oceans will be directed towards land areas.
3. We will achieve drinking water for humans.
4. We will achieve water required for various uses of human (agriculture and industry).
5. Economic transformation in people's lives will be created as a result of agricultural and industrial activities.
6. The use of recycled plastic materials will be a big help for the manufacture of pipes for transporting the salt water in
order to reduce environmental pollution.
2. Research Innovation
The plan to "increase the amount of rainfalls" with specific name of “trap rain" is an innovation completely new that
according to current world situation can be known as the biggest innovation and invention of human life after the fire and
iron and given the current state of the world that the human life will be destroyed until next 20 years by reach planet earth
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average temperature to 60 ° C is a essential and life-giving plan. It is true that many people like Edison with the invention
of electricity, couples of Curie with discover the radium, Marconi with invention the radio waves, the Wright brothers by
flying and so on ,have helped a lot of help to improve the human society.
But however "rain trap" in the current status (that the world is moving toward destruction) is the largest project to save the
world and human life.
6. Literature Review
Considering the fact that the direction of the prevailing of winds and air flowing and clouds, for example, is from the
West to the East in Iran, planning to make ponds of saltwater discharge should be in a way that water vapor that is created
by these ponds can obtain the greatest rainfall of passing clouds.
In the western part of deserts that we do mentioned plan in there and as far as that we can, we do salt water transforming
and plumbing to the deep of hot and dry deserts until we force the clouds to reaction that mostly move from west to east
that we create them with the great mass of water vapor by this plan.
At the end of the transmission pass of salt water transferred to the margin of deserts and land areas should be transformed
by creating puddles with low depth (2 to 3 meters or a little more) and an area of 1 to 3 kilometers that the transformed
water evaporates quickly due to heat and dryness of air and rest of materials residues in the bottom of the pond. Also, in
some cases, the water can be mixed with soft soil at the end of the outlet pipe until it mixes with poured soil and make
the layer in order to not disperse the salt fine materials (salt) with air flow and wind in the environment after evaporate the
water and deposit materials. Polyethylene pipes that are created of recycled plastics can be used In order to reduce the cost
of salty water transfer project. Tubes with a diameter of at least 1 meter that is flexible and affordable. Of course,
covering these tubes with soil and or other coats will be done in order to extend the life of the transmission tubes. So that
the cost of the project was reduced and installation, repair, and regeneration are done easier. But the general principle is
that the volume of pumped water and its speed to be high means the amount of output water to be high. A part of pipe
should be made of insulating material at the end of the pipes for transporting water to the desert so that in no way passes
the charge through itself. As if thunder and lightning crashed to the water supply facilities, all several hundred kilometers
way of water supplying are not damaged with ancillary facilities. It's a persistent global problem and needs to implement
this strong, urgent and emergency project. The United Nations should recommend around the world to implement this
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project. Note that threaten to the planet earth warming and reach the average of global temperature to 60 °C in less than
20 years, and incidence the famine and destruction of human life on the planet earth is a serious threat.
7. Research Methodology
Based on field researches and recording the events: the average of daytime temperature was recorded 45 to 50 ° C, and at
the same time, the average of nights temperature was recorded 10 to 18 ° C. when it was departure in the third decade of
September from 2006 to 2015 in the central desert areas of Iran from the center of Semnan province (Semnan city) about
100 km towards South East to the hot and desert regions at center of Iran.
The average of daytime temperature was recorded between 34 to 36 °C and the average of temperature at nights was
recorded -1 to -7 °C also by attending in these regions in November in 2006 to 2015 but despite the decrease in
temperature, or rainfall was not taken place or if we had rainfall, it was very light.
8. Plan to increase the amount of rainfalls or "rain traps’
High percentage of air humidity in such areas is one of the features of rainy regions. This point has been noted also in the
idea of a "rain traps". Thus, it will be acted to create water vapor in large volume by transferring and pumping the salt
water of seas and oceans to very hot deserts in high volume.
"The plan to increase the amount of rainfalls" or the "rain-trap" should be performed alongside other measures that are
done to deal with global earth warming phenomenon (especially the reduction of greenhouse gas production). Because
unfortunately the effort of various countries to deal with global earth warming phenomenon is very difficult and slow, and
in one hand, governments of the world do not notice to the increasing effects of the global earth warming phenomenon
sufficiently and human life will be impossible on the earth according to the expectations and predictions less than future
20 years (approximately 17 years) due to incremental effects of global earth warming phenomenon (with the average of
earth planet temperature to 60 °C).
Because the damaging effects of global warming on the Earth's environment every year cause that the speed of
degradation and destroying the environment and desertification and global warming trend increase with the high speed in
later years hence its name has been named "additive effects".
"The plan to increase the amount of rainfalls" or "rain trap" has been considered as one of the measures of coping with the
phenomenon of global warming, along with other measures such as reducing pollutants of removing the ozone layer. But
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emergency and urgent solution currently is this plan of "rain-trap”. Design the plan of "rain trap" as a global plan is in
order to achieve water and obtain fresh water resources for performing the green movement.
The fresh water that is used for different purposes is not used in this method in the transfer of water. Because if water is
transmitted as sweet and refined water, in addition this that it will be very expensive (because of the elimination of water),
this transferred water evaporates quickly because of warming of environment that increases every year than the previous
year. This means that the amount of consuming water increases each year than the previous year due to global warming.
As well as transfer the water in the form of fresh water, in addition to being costly, due to the volume of operation that is
done in order to convert salt water to fresh water, ultimately causes that the volume of transferred water is low. The act of
transfer the water of seas and oceans in the salt form to the margin of hot and burning deserts is done in the "rain-trap"
method and this transfer and pumping the water through special pipes for water transferring is done in a great volume.
Amount of water vapor that is produced by this transmitted (pumped) water is noticed and required in the "rain-trap"
method. The needed water comes from the clouds of sky in this method. Hence the name of "plan to increase the amount
of rainfalls" or "rain trap" has been named like this.
The "rain trap" plan is applicable only in locations of the world, which have hot and burning desert and land areas. So
that, these regions such as Iran's central deserts (Kavir Plain and Lut Plain), the Nevada desert of America, deserts of
Africa and Saudi Arabia have the highest temperature average compared other areas in study of satellite maps.
Advantage of hot and burning deserts is used in order to create necessary water vapor, in order to make the reaction the
clouds passing through the sky to fall the rain in this plan. The difference between this method and this plan and other
methods is this that the water needed for performing the green movement and other human uses is supplied of passing
clouds of the sky.
It is acted to transferring and pumping the salt water of seas and oceans due to prevailing direction of winds (usually from
west to east) and size and temperature of the hot deserts of the implementation the plan in this plan. The volume of water
pumped by special Polyethylene pipes depends on the size of desert and its temperature to create a mass of water vapor.
The method of implementation the plan will be different in areas that the direction of winds is not from west to east.
Transfer and pumping water, is in the extreme western part of deserts that are the places of implementation the plan,
where it is the site of collision the mass of water vapor produced by the "rain-traps" plan with passing clouds of the sky.
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Action of tubing in order to transfer and pumping the water in western part of the deserts that they are the places of
implementation the plan should be done in a way that it goes to the depth of western part as much that environmental and
heat conditions of environment allows it (7-15).
Two advantages of hot deserts in the “rain trap" plan:
1. On days when the weather is hot and burning, pumping water quickly evaporates and turns it water vapor. Mass of
generated water vapor expands in volume more in terms of length and radius near the surface of earth in hot and
burning deserts due to lack of moisture or too little moisture percentage. This generated mass of water vapor will be
thicker and more compact as much it is in high height due to low temperature of altitudes above the atmosphere, which
this matter causes to create friction between generated water vapor particles and increasing the static electricity.
2. This electrical charge created in the mass of water vapor in rain traps plan, causes discharge the electrical charge as
lightning and rainfall occurs because of the phase difference of electrical charge that is carried out by the passing
clouds of the sky in that area. Also because particles suspended are less in the sky and sunlight is more intense in
desert areas, this causes excitation of electrons in water vapor particles and particles in the environment, which
increases the electric charge on the environment. This electric charge in the environment due to the electrical phase
difference with passing clouds leads to reaction and electrical discharge the passing clouds in the lightning form and
causes rainfall. Also the existence of humidity continually in production, with passing clouds that have less height,
caused to being heavy and slow the movement of these clouds and particles suspended of water vapor generated by
rain traps plan combine with particles in these clouds and it descends towards the ground in the form of rain due to
being heavy created water droplets.
3. Cold desert nights are effective in consolidation and maintaining the moisture and also increase the electrical charge on
the next day. Particles of water vapor generated in the form of dew sit on the ground in the cold of night. These
condensate particles evaporate again at day with intensive sun shining and cause to increase the humidity percentage
and ionization of substances in the environment. Increasing the charge created in the environment due to intense phase
electrical difference is effective in discharge the electrical charge of passing clouds since intensive sun radiation causes
excitation of electrons in produced water vapor. Producing amount of water vapor is significant despite the small
number of sources of water vapor compared the entire volume of earth planet in rain traps plan. More heat was
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absorbed by water due to their vast expanse in the surface of oceans and seas and water temperature of the seas and
oceans rises that creates water vapor in the surface of seas and oceans in surface evaporate, but water transferred to the
hot and burning deserts is converted into water vapor rapidly and significantly in rain traps. For example, we consider
dry and central plateau of Iran to do this plan. Obviously, this plan can be done for the rest of the world like the deserts
of Saudi Arabia, Africa and the Nevada desert of America as well as with the aim of green movement. The Iranian
plateau is arid and semi-arid and more effective plan of “Rain trap" is recommended to fix this problem in long run,
with more lasting. That the rain stops falling on Iran's desert areas or average of rain fall is about 0.2 mm or 0.5 mm
per year, which many people make mistake because of it. It is true that the average of rain fall is 0.5 mm which it also
evaporates quickly due to the heat and low humidity of environment, but amount of rain fall is much more of this
amount and much of the rainfalls does not even reach to the surface of earth due to dry weather. This amount of
rainfall at surface of earth will be measurable with increasing humidity of air. Air steam is not something that certain
limits could be determined for it, means as much it is dispersed in the more surface and volume extent, the amount of
its concentration will be thinner. As it was stated in the desert areas, the weather is very hot at day times but nights are
cold. The hottest spot on the earth planet is in Iran's central Kavir plain plateau and its deserts (about 60 degrees
Celsius), even hotter than Nevada desert in America and deserts of Africa.
Moisture prevents rapid temperature changes like a thermal barrier. The moisture content of the environment (air and
ground) with absorption of temperature energy reduces extreme temperature fluctuations. In the deserts where the water
content of the environment is low due to the lack of this heat retaining control, sharp fluctuations in temperature, warm
days and cool nights, are seen. Moisture in the air sits on the ground in the morning in form of dew. Although as the
weather becomes warm it evaporates, the moisture still remains in the environment. Environmental this reaction can be
used. This environmental reaction can be used and provide a context to respond to the clouds crossing the sky in the
region and force them to precipitate. The method of "rain trap" set the stage for the reactions leading to favorable
precipitation: we face extreme temperature variations, which set the stage for raining and water droplets when a cloud
passes so that the happened reactions and rain happen. In this procedure, water transfer to hot and scorching central
deserts of Iran is done not in identified time but permanently. We do not expect 24-hour rainfall over the 12 months, but
with the transfer of water to the edge of the deserts, we constantly set the stage for the formation of rain clouds passing
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through the area. The output is high fall and winter seasons, but the act of transferring water happens permanently during
the year to preserve the environment humidity. Previously, the clouds were fertilized only through from above the clouds
by spraying materials such as silver iodide and the reaction was created to rain, but now in this project, the ground
provides a context for rain. For this reason, the project was named "rain traps." Through this method, instead of fertilizing
the clouds in the sky, on Earth's surface conditions can be provided both for more precipitation, and for having rain in
areas where it did not rain. In this method, productivity and work efficiency are taken into account. By considering the
efficiency of previous methods such as fertilizing the clouds by silver iodide and so on, the efficiency of “rain trap” is
predicted to be much higher than previous methods. However, wherever possible, the combined method can be used for
precipitation. The amount of rainfall in the "rain trap" is such that it influences wider areas and changes the region's
ecology. One could even say that it changes arid to semi-arid and adjacent semi-arid areas to areas with rainfall more than
the average. Results of the project will be tangible and visible in less than a year, especially in autumn and winter. Rain
trap effects are as radial projection (of course mostly in the direction of monsoon winds) and these radial effects reduce as
they get distance from water vapor production focal point. However, the amount of rainfall in the "rain trap" is so much
that it covers wider area and changes the region's ecology. With water resources, one can implement the green project
including creating subsurface dams (below the surface of the substrate or issue flood waters), feeding underground water
tables, air tendering and timely removal of water from the reservoirs created by pumping for the intended purposes,
depending on the type of soil and sown seedlings and saplings in accordance with the quality of the soil.
Among the features of the areas with a lot of rain noted in "rain trap" is the high percentage of humidity in these areas.
Thus, by transfer of pumping much salt water from seas and oceans to hot deserts, it should be attempted to create a large
volume of water vapor. Temperature fluctuations in deserts are very high due to lack of moisture environment. Steam
generated by the rain trap project above the Earth's atmosphere, especially in autumn and winter, combine with rain
clouds passing from the sky of the project area and due to the reactions with heavy particles connected to each other, they
dumped into the earth as rain. Due to the transfer of water and evaporation, the efficiency of the project is significant in
long-term plan and the affected areas of the project will be added. This means that the precipitation starts from a point and
like a domino affects the surrounding area, thus rain increases drastically. This event will take place in rain traps areas
affected by the project. Thus, the areas affected by rain trap will increase in long-term and arid and semi-arid areas will be
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converted to areas with sufficient rainfall. It should be noted that the transfer of sea water to warm desert regions is
continuously done during the year. Thus, high-volume rain is not a temporary effect and does not diminish due to the
effects of heat and drought, but due to ongoing transmission and pumping of water, the cycle of evaporation and
precipitation during the year continue and constantly the affected areas increase leading to environmental changes. Within
less than a year, the effects of the project on rainfall and eco conditions, especially in autumn and winter, will be clearly
palpable. Over time, the length of water pipes should be added appropriately as 100 to 200 km or more by adding t
junctions and the procedures for making saltwater ponds and so on should be implemented to add to the extent of the
affected area. Obviously this effect includes the previous areas as well. They are also recovered and their created moisture
will be affected. Moreover, before adding new pipes to transfer and increase the size of the project areas, we install the
required t-junctions. In the building of ponds of falling water, it should be noted that, it should not be in the lowest point
in the project area so as it does not penetrate the ponds and salinity is not mixed with rainwater. In addition, subsurface
dams on the track should be built to store water for proper operation, and to feed the underground water reservoirs.
Construction of underground water reservoirs (i.e. below the floor level of the water flow direction) is much faster and
easier than building up dam reservoirs in surface water (compare the construction of a dam in 1 to 2 weeks with 1 to 2
years). The only drawback is that in that case, fresh water stored can be used by pumping and the number of dams built
justifies the project. Moreover, as we consider feeding the underground water sources in this approach this justifies the
project. In the path of running waters, we have to create these large tanks in large numbers in higher altitude above the sea
level. Note that trap rain project can be implemented for wilderness areas that are dry desert areas where low rainfall and
dry weather percent are high. In areas with moisture content is higher (e.g. mountainous areas) but the percentage of
rainfall is low, to compensate for this shortcoming (low rainfall), watershed and rangeland and forestry should be
considered to preserve moisture in the soil. Obviously, in trap rain to create green movement because of the extent of the
work area, seeding must be done from the air by planes and helicopters.
Economic development, creating jobs and raising incomes in lower deciles of the communities is possible with the project
that is done to protect and preserve the environment. In addition, along with this plan waste through recycling and using
wet trash with more natural origin should be done for soil enrichment. In addition, even plastic waste can be used for
manufacturing pipes for transporting water.
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Three out of four part of the Earth's surface is water. Moreover, due to global warming, the speed of evaporation and
winds has increased. According to these two issues, using the advantages of hot desert, trap rain can be used to get fresh
water needed for the green movement. The difference between the height of artificial clouds of rain clouds created by rain
trap with the ones produced by natural origin that is produced from the seas and oceans, and electric charge differences
and ionization of materials caused by exposure to sunlight in the clouds will lead to the success of the project at the time
of the clouds passing and creating lightning discharge. By locating the place, where water evaporates quickly and also
taking into account the wind direction that is the path of rain clouds as well, we should cause reaction between the passing
clouds and trap rain clouds and make them rain. That is why this project is called "rain traps". Therefore, we do
something that more precipitation happens in dry areas of the Earth and as ¾ of the Earth's surface is water, it does not
create environmental problems. Moreover, by implementing " rain trap" project, one could reach the needed fresh water in
the world that now is a crisis of human society. Implementing green movement includes seeding, tree work, enriching the
soil with waste garbage and planting seedlings of forest and forestry and rangeland restoration of the environment and
generating more oxygen to breathe the atmosphere of the earth and the emissions are lost to a large extent by the green
nature.
9. Suggestions
Implementing the mentioned project around the world requires the cooperation of all countries in this field. For example,
to overcome the thick dust that rises from the deserts of Iraq and Syria causing severe pollution even in Tehran (capital of
Iran), the Negev desert in Israel can be benefited from (the diameter of the transfer pipe 10 to 25 cm), so that the current
generated by the flow of rain traps generated in Jordan (which has hot deserts and droughts crisis) creating a strong flow
and pressure. This shows that to take advantage of rain trap, there should be peace, security, and cooperation in the world.
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Corresponding Author:
Freidoon Zibaei*,
Email: [email protected]
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