The Industrial
Revolution
The Industrial
Revolution
•  Mid 1700’s- 1800’s
•  Started in England and spread to
the rest of the world
•  Major changes in technology,
economy, population, and
socioeconomic status
•  Made huge changes in how people
worked.
Agricultural Revolution
•  Prior to the industrial revolution, in the
1700’s, farming methods were improving
•  Crop rotation, new seeding methods,
breeding only the best livestock,
technology increased.
•  Small farmers lost their land due to
enclosure movement (large landowners
bought up small farms)
•  Out of work farmers moved to the city
to become factory workers.
•  Led the way for the Industrial
Revolution
Why did the Industrial Revolution
start in England?
“CAN BELCH & P”
•  Climate- damp climate is good
for textile production
•  Avoided Wars- European wars
did not take place on England’s
soil.
•  Natural Resources-coal,water
power, iron ore to make tools
& buildings.
Why did the Industrial Revolution
start in England? (Continued)
•  Banking System- bank loans,investments.
•  Easier Transportation-by sea, railroads,
canals and improved roads.
•  Labor- steady workforce, people moving
to the cities.
•  Colonies- Britain had colonies from which
to take raw materials (like cotton).
•  Harbors- made it easy for merchants to
sell and ship products.
•  Political Stability- England had political
peace and stability, allowing for a focus
on industrialization.
•  ***Remember “CAN BELCH & P”
Urbanization
•  Urban = Cities
•  Migration of people to
the cities for jobs.
•  Living Conditions
–  no sanitary or
building codes
–  Lack of adequate
housing, education &
police.
–  Lack of running water
& indoor plumbing
–  Spread of disease
Living Conditions
Factory System
•  Factories were unsanitary and
equipment was unsafe
•  People worked long hours (14+
hours a day/6 days week)
•  Workers received very poor
wages (especially women &
children)
•  Severe discipline by factory
owners
•  Coal miners lifespan was
generally 10 years shorter on
average
Child Labor
•  Children as young as 6
were forced to work
12-14 hours a day
•  Received very short
breaks if any
•  Were beaten if they
stopped working or got
too tired.
•  Operated large heavy
machinery-often injured
or killed children