Name
Date
Class
HYDROCARBONS
)
Section Review
Objectives
• Describe the relationship between
number of valence electrons and
bonding
in carbon
• Define and describe alkanes
• Relate the polarity of hydrocarbons
to their solubility
Vocabulary
• hydrocarbons
• alkanes
• homologous series
• condensed structural
formulas
• straight-chain alkanes
• substituent
• ailcyl group
• branched-chain alkane
Part A Completion
)
Use this completion exercise to check
your understanding of the concep
ts and terms
that are introduced in this section. Eac
h blank can be completed with a
term, short
phrase, or number
The branch of chemistry that deals
with
is called
2
3
Carbon always forms
covalent bonds.
carbons can be arranged in a
has
7
.
1.
2.
3.
c
C C cc%. v-\
‘oCcøovS
4.
lkaies contain only carbon-carbon
-
compounds
chemistry Organic compounds that
contain
only carbon and hydrogen are
3
I
6
5
bonds. The
5.
chain or in a chain that
6.
A hydrocarbon substituent is call
ed an
3
group. The first step in naming bra
nched-chain alkanes is to find
9
the
chain of carbons in the molecule.
This chain is the
tO
structure.
7.
‘p
8.
9.
vp
uS
co:’ 4
10.
Part B True-False
Classify each of these statements as
always true, 411 sometimes true,
ST, or never trite, NT
1. Because a carbon atom contain
s 6 valence electrons, it form
s3
covalent bonds.
Chapter 22 Hydrocarbon Com
oounds
567
___
_ _
___
__
___
___
__
__
?‘Jame
Class
Date
—
contain 10 carbon atoms.
12. Straight-chain alkanes
hydrogen atom on a parent
ent can take the place of a
stitu
sub
A
KL’3. hydrocarbon molecule.
t to left.
formulas are numbered from righ
al
ctur
stru
on
arb
roc
Hyd
14.
cEL[5.
hydrocarbons, the names of the
When naming branched-chain
listed in alphabetical order.
substituent alkyl groups are
Part C Matching
in Column A.
Column B to the correct term
Match each description in
Column B
Column A
ds
y single covalent bon
a. hydrocarbons that contain onl
16. hydrocarbons
b. a hydrocarbon substituent
/\
17. alkanes
1
18. straight-chain alkanes
re alkyl substituents
c. alkanes that contain one or mo
on and
C
C
__jC>
C
19. substituent
only carb
d. organic compounds that contain
hydrogen
20. alkyl group
of carbons one after
e. alkanes that contain any number
another in a chain
21: 6raruhd-chain alkanes
I
place of a
f. atom or group of atoms that take the
le
lecu
hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon mo
I
s
PàrtD QuestIOiis and Problem
space provided.
Answer the follvwtng in the
g the IUPAC system.
22. Name this ompound, usin
3
CH
:
j..
H
H
C
H
-CC
C
—
3
—
2
4
-
I
2
?
1
H
5
,C
le bonds in a molecule of pentane
Whais thetota3 namber of sing
1)
single bonds in a molecule of
b What is the total number of
2,2 dimethyipro pane?
-
.
for 3 ethyl- 2,2,5 trimethyloctane
24. Write the structural formula
c
7:
-
568
Core Teaching Resources
i
c_C C-C c-C—C
-c
I