A parametric metamorphosis of Islamic geometric patterns: The

A parametric metamorphosis of Islamic geometric
patterns: The extraction of new from traditional
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Mostafa Alani , Carlos Barrios
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INTRODUCTION
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1.0 PRECEDENCE
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2.1. The fundamental unit
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$O$MORXQL5LPD$The global long-range order of quasi-periodic patterns in Islamic architectureActa
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$OMDPDOL $KPDG0 DQG (EDG %DQLVVL Grid Method Classification of Islamic Geometric Patterns ,Q
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